Population Composition class 12 Notes Geography

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Class 12 Geography Revision notes Population Composition

Download CBSE class 12th revision notes for chapter 3 Population Composition in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Population Composition class 12 Notes Geography and score high in exams. These are the Population Composition class 12 Notes prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter 3 in minutes. Revision notes in exam days is one of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.

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CBSE Notes of Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 Population Composition

Place of origin,
Place or destination,
it is the spontaneous effort to achieve a better balance between population and resources
It may be permanent, temporary, / seasonal, it may be rural-rural, rural-urban, urban-urban, urban-rural
Types, immigration, emigration

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE

PUSH FACTORS:

Unemployment,
Poor living,
Political turmoil,
Unpleasant climate,
Natural disasters,
Epidemics, and
Social- economics backwardness

PULL FACTORS:

More attractive jobs,
Good living conditions,
Peace,
Stability,
Security of life,
Pleasant climate

TRENDS IN POPULATION GROWTH: POP growth is due to

Agricultural development,
industrial revolution,
transportation,
sanitation and medical facilities,
biotechnology,
information and computers technological revolution.
Discovery of machines,
medicines
Pop. Increased 10 times during last 500 years,
4 times in 20th century,
80 million people are added each year.

DOUBLING TIME OF WORLD POPULATION

More than one million to become one billion pop
It took 12 years to become from 5 billion to 6 billion
Developed countries take more time than developing countries
Liberia highest growth rate: 8.2% Latvia lowest gr : -1.5%

Spatial pattern of population Change when it is small change applied to large population it is large GROWTH RATE DECLINES BUT POP STILL INCREASE

IMPACT OF POPULATION CHANGE

Depletion of resources
Spread of epidemics
Reduced life expectancy
Increase in social crime rate
Health problems

DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

Predict the future pop. Of any area
Any region changes from high BR & DR to low BR& DR
progress from rural to urban
Illiterate to literate
These are collectively known as demographic cycle

STAGE-I ;

High fertility,
High mortality,
Low growth,
More epidemics,
Variable food supply ,
Agriculture is occupation,
Low life expectancy,
Illiteracy,
Low level of technology –
Rain forest tribes, Bangladesh

STAGE -II

Fertility remains high ,but decline with time,
Reduced mortality,
Improved sanitation,
Medical facilities
High growth rate
Ex. Peru, Sri Lanka, Kenya

STAGE -III:

Low birth rate and
Death rate
Slow GR .
Stable growth rate

URBANISED POP. HIGH TECHNOLOGY. SMALL FMALIES. FLEXIBLE FAMILIES EX. CANADA JAPAN USA

POPULATION CONTROL MEASURES:

Limiting the population growth,
improving women‟s health,
access to family planning services
Free availability of contraceptives,
tax disincentives for large families,
Government incentives for small families.

POPULATION COMPOSITION

PEOPLE ARE DIFFERENT IN DIFFERENT WAYS

Age.
Sex.
Place of residence,
Occupation,
Education,
Life expectancy

SEX COMPOSITION

The ratio between number of men and women is called SEX RATIO

SEX RATIO

IN INDIA IT IS CALCULATED AS

SEX RATIO

It shows the status of women in the country
It is unfavorable to women
Lower socio economic status
due to female feticide, female infanticide, domestic violence against women
Sometimes men might have migrated so women no. Is more
Natural advantages of women: they are more resilient, more resistant power, more patience
Sex ratio of the world is: 990 females/ 1000 males
Latvia highest 1187 lowest is 468/1000 males
It is favorable in 139 countries
Unfavorable in 72 countries
Asia has low sex ratio Europe has highest
Europe has better status of women
Male dominated out migration

AGE STRUCTURE

No. of people in different age groups.
It is an important indicator of pop. Composition
A large group of population is in age group of 15-59 years
Large group of pop. Is above 60 years is called aged population
More expenditure on medical facilities
High 5 of young pop. Shows high birth rate
AGE- SEX PYRAMID
Number of females and males in different age groups
Pop. Pyramid is used to show age sex structure
Shape of pyramid shows the characteristics of population
Left side male and right side female
Types of age sex pyramid

I-EXPANDING POPULATION

1. triangular shape , 2. Less developed countries , 3. young pop. is more, 4. ex. Bangladesh, Mexico, Nigeria

II-CONSTANT POPULATION

1. A bell shaped, 2. Birth and death rates are equal, 3. Ex Australia

III-DECLINING POPULATION

1.narrow base , 2. Low birth and death , 3. Shows developed countries , 4. Growth is negative or zero ex. Japan

RURAL-URBAN COMPOSITION

It is based on residence
They differ from each other
The criteria for rural and urban varies from country to country
Rural population engaged in primary activities where as urban other than primary activities
ural and urban composition of west European countries is different from African countries
Sex ratio is also different in European countries than African countries
In west European countries males are more in rural areas and females are more in urban areas
in Asian countries female is more in rural areas
In Asian countries female is less in urban areas due to shortage of housing, high cost of living, paucity of jobs, lack of security in cities

LITERACY

Literacy indicated the socio economic development
Standard of living
Social status of women
Availability of facilities
Policies of government
In India literate means: pop above 7 years age who is able to read write and have the ability to do arithmetic calculations with understanding.

OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

I. The working population take part in various occupations such as primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary activities.

II. each category refers to the level of economic development of the country.

III. developed countries only show the job opportunities more in secondary activities

IV. developing countries show more people under primary activity

CBSE Class-12 Revision Notes – in PDF Download

Population Composition class 12 Notes Geography. CBSE quick revision note for class-12 Geography, Chemistry, Math’s, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.

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