National Income And Domestic Income:

1. National Income refers to net money value of all the final goods and services produced by the normal residents of a country during an accounting year.
2. Domestic Income refers to a total factor incomes earned by the factor of production within the domestic territory of a country during an accounting year.
3. The difference between these two incomes is Net Factor Income from abroad (NFIA), which is included in National Income (NY) and excluded from Domestic Income (DY).
4. Where NFIA is the difference between income earned by normal residents from rest of the world and similar payments made to Non residents within the domestic territory. NFIA = Income earned by Residents from rest of the world (ROW) – Payments to
Non-Residents within Domestic territory.
NY = DY + NFIA DY = NY – NFIA
Note:
Case I: Income paid to abroad is given, then to make NFIA inverse the sign. For this put income from abroad 0.
Example, Income paid to abroad =100
NFIA = Income from Abroad – Income paid to abroad
= 0 – 100 = -100 and vice versa.
Case II: Income from abroad is given, then NFIA = Income from abroad. For this put income paid to abroad 0.
Example, Income from abroad =100
NFIA = Income from Abroad- Income paid to abroad = 100 – 0 = 100 and vice versa Case III: If income from abroad and income paid to abroad both are given, then NFIA is the difference between them,
Example, Income from abroad =100 Income paid to abroad =120
NFIA = Income from Abroad- Income paid to abroad = 100 – 120 = (-) 20 and vice versa Case IV: Net factor income to abroad be given, then to make NFIA inverse the sign.
Net factor income paid to abroad (NFPA) = income to abroad – income from abroad.
Example,
(i) Net Factor Income to abroad (NFPA = 100). In this NFPA is positive, which means that income to abroad is greater than income from abroad, which makes,
NFIA = (-)100
(ii) Net Factor Income to abroad [NFPA = (-)100]. In this NFPA is negative, which
means that income to abroad is less than income from abroad, which makes,
NFIA = (+) 100

In a quiz, positive marks are given for correct answers and negative marks are given for incorrect answers. If Jack's scores in five successive rounds were 25,−5,−10,15 and 10, what was his total at the end?

ANSWER

Scores of jack =25,−5,−10,15,10

Total at end =25+(−5)+(−10)+15+10

=25−5−10+15+10

=35

Blood is a fluid connective tissue that consists of plasma, blood cells and platelets. It circulates throughout our body delivering oxygen and nutrients to various cells and tissues.

It has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. 

A Cyclone is a large scale air mass that rotates around strong centers of low pressure.

• Water vapors are formed when water is heated.
• This heat is released to atmosphere when water vapors convert to water during rains.
• The heat released, warms the air around and makes it to move up. This also results in decreased air pressure.
• Hence, cooler air from surrounding rushes to take the warm air’s place.
• This repeats till a low pressure system with surrounding high speed winds is created. This is called a Cyclone.
• Cyclone depends on wind speed, direction, temperature and humidity.

Cyclones are also called Hurricane in USA and Typhoon in Japan and Philippines

A peripheral device, also sometimes called an auxiliary device, is any connected device, internal or external, that provides a computer with additional functionality.

Example: 

1. Mouse
2. Keyboard
3. Webcam
4. Microphone
5. Monitor
6. Speakers
7. Projector
8. Printer
9. USB Flash Drive

Cations are ions that have a positive charge. The word “cation” comes from the Greek word ánō, which means “up.” Examples of cations include:

• Silver: Ag⁺
• Hydronium: H₃O⁺
• Ammonium: NH₄⁺

Anions are ions with a negative charge. The word “anion” comes from the Greek word káto, meaning “down.” Examples of anions include:

• Hydroxide anion: OH^–
• Oxide anion: O^2-
• Sulfate anion: SO₄^2-

In triangle ABC
a-b=33
a=33+b       ------------1
b-c=18
c=b-18           ------------2
Now in triangle abc by angle sum property 
a+b+c=180
33+b+b+b-18=180       (by 1 and 2)
15+3b=180
3b=180-15
3b=165
b=165/3
b=55
Now put value of b in eq. 1 and 2
a-b=33
a-55=33
a=33+55
a=88
b-c=18
55-c=18
c=55-18
c=37
Your answer is:
a=88
b=55
c=37

RBI controls the- -commercial banks through the fallowing measures

(i) RBI Fixes the Bank Rate and Repo Rate Bank rate is the interest rate at which the RBI, lend funds to other commercial banks in the country, It is also called the discount rate, In older to control the supply of currency in the economic system RBI often uses the bank rate. On the other hand, Repo Rate Is the rate at which commercial banks will borrow the funds from the RBI against the securities. In order to make expensive or cheaper to borrow the money, RBI fixed this rate.
(ii) Variable Reserve Ratios The commercial banks have to keep a certain proportion of their total assets in the form of liquid assets so that they are always in a position to honour the demand for withdrawal by their customers. These reserve ratios are named as Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and a Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR). The CRR refers to the percentage of deposits with the commercial banks which they have to maintain with the RBI in cash form and SLR refers to the percentage of deposits to be maintained as reserves in the form of gold or foreign securities. Thus, by varying reserve ratios lending capacity of commercial banks can be affected.
(iii) Fixing Margin Requirements The margin refers to the "proportion of the loan amount which is not financed by the hank'. This method is used to encourage credit supply for the needy sector and discourage it for other non-necessary sectors by increasing margin for the non necessary sectors; and by reducing it for priority sectors.
(iv) Credit Rationing RBI can fix the upper limit of credit amount to be granted for various purposes. This can help in lowering the credit exposure of commercial banks 10 undesirable sectors.

Anthropologists feel that the information about hunter gatherer societies can be used to understand past societies because they believe that human beings in past societies used to live in the same way as human beings in hunter gatherer societies in present times.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English The Glimpse of the Past

Class –VIII English

The Glimpse of the Past

1: Look at picture 1 and recall the opening lines of the original song in Hindi. Who is the singer? Who else do you see in this picture?

Ans: The original song is “Ae mere watan ke logon….” The singer is Lata Mangeshkar.
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, Bahadur Shah Zafar, Rani Laxmi Bai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh, Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi are also seen in the picture.

2: In Picture 2 what do you understand by the Company’s “superior weapons”?

Ans: The company’s superior weapons mean all their wits, strength, rules and regulations.

For more click on the given link:

<a href="https://mycbseguide.com/blog/ncert-solutions-class-8-english-the-glimpse-of-the-past/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://mycbseguide.com/blog/ncert-solutions-class-8-english-the-glimpse-of-the-past/&ved=2ahUKEwjv26yPy6bsAhUVfd4KHTFNBCAQFjAAegQIDBAC" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English The Glimpse of the Past</a>

Louis Blance was also a nationalist who wanted the government to encourage cooperatives and replace capitalist enterprises.

1. Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find the HCF of:

i. 135 and 225

ii. 196 and 38220

iii. 867 and 225

Solutions:

i. 135 and 225

As you can see, from the question 225 is greater than 135. Therefore, by Euclid’s division algorithm, we have,

225 = 135 × 1 + 90

Now, remainder 90 ≠ 0, thus again using division lemma for 90, we get,

135 = 90 × 1 + 45

Again, 45 ≠ 0, repeating the above step for 45, we get,

90 = 45 × 2 + 0

The remainder is now zero, so our method stops here. Since, in the last step, the divisor is 45, therefore, HCF (225,135) = HCF (135, 90) = HCF (90, 45) = 45.

Hence, the HCF of 225 and 135 is 45.

ii. 196 and 38220

In this given question, 38220>196, therefore the by applying Euclid’s division algorithm and taking 38220 as divisor, we get,

38220 = 196 × 195 + 0

We have already got the remainder as 0 here. Therefore, HCF(196, 38220) = 196.

Hence, the HCF of 196 and 38220 is 196.

iii. 867 and 225

As we know, 867 is greater than 225. Let us apply now Euclid’s division algorithm on 867, to get,

867 = 225 × 3 + 102

Remainder 102 ≠ 0, therefore taking 225 as divisor and applying the division lemma method, we get,

225 = 102 × 2 + 51

Again, 51 ≠ 0. Now 102 is the new divisor, so repeating the same step we get,

102 = 51 × 2 + 0

The remainder is now zero, so our procedure stops here. Since, in the last step, the divisor is 51, therefore, HCF (867,225) = HCF(225,102) = HCF(102,51) = 51.

Hence, the HCF of 867 and 225 is 51.

A colligative property is a property of a solution that is dependent on the ratio between the total number of solute particles (in the solution) to the total number of solvent particles. Colligative properties are not dependent on the chemical nature of the solution’s components. Thus, colligative properties can be linked to several quantities that express the concentration of a solution, such as molarity, normality, and molality. The four colligative properties that can be exhibited by a solution are:

• Boiling point elevation
• Freezing point depression
• Relative lowering of vapour pressure
• Osmotic pressure

Soil conservation is the prevention of soil loss from erosion or prevention of decreased fertility caused by acidification, over usage, salinization or other chemical soil contamination.

Reason behind soil degradation

• It is the natural process of wearing away of the topsoil, but human activities have accelerated the process.
• It is usually caused due to the removal of vegetation, or any activity that renders the ground dry.
• Farming, grazing, mining, construction and recreational activities are some of the causes of soil erosion.
• The effects of soil erosion are not just land degradation. It has led to a drastic increase in pollution and sedimentation in rivers that clogs the water bodies resulting in a decline in the population of aquatic organisms.
• Degraded lands lose the water holding capacity resulting in floods.