Voluntary muscles are long, multinucleated cells, containing sarcomeres arranged into bundles. These muscles are composed of cylindrical fibers and are usually attached to bones and the skin. They play an important role in allowing the body to move by contracting and relaxing and their actions are mainly under the control of the somatosensory nervous system. These voluntary muscles include skeletal muscles.

Olympic flag was created in 1913 by Baronde Coubertin. It was first inaugurated in Paris in June 1914. Olympic flag is made of white silk and contains five interlocking rings/circles in five colours representing five continents of the world namely America, Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa. The five rings have different colours namely yellow, green red blue and black. The interlocking of the ring circle symbolizes co-cooperation and friendship.

Passive Flexibility: The ability to do the joint movement with a greater range with an external help of a partner. This flexibility is largely determined by joint structure, stretchability of the muscle and ligament. Passive flexibility helps in the development of active flexibility.

Physical education teachers in schools instruct students about general health and physical fitness.

To be qualified these teachers should hold at least a bachelor's degree in a health-related subject to teach kindergarten through high school and a master's degree or doctorate to teach at a post secondary level. 

They are also required to have a state license or certification. They also teach students about CPR, first aid. They may also be appointed as coaches for their schools' sports teams.

• It helps in relieving muscular, emotional, and mental tension.
• Yoga Nidra relaxes the mind by relieving stress and anxiety.
• It treats insomnia, psychological disorders, and psychosomatic diseases.
• It trains the mind and helps in enhancing memory and increasing learning capacity.
• Yogic sleep also results in increased energy levels.
• Yoga Nidra not only detoxifies the body but also clears up the subconscious.
• It improves creativity.

When it comes to conditioning, one of the most important principles to understand is when to use different training methods and exercises throughout the training year. This is where the concept of general and specific conditioning comes into play and getting this right can be the difference between winning and losing.

• • The writer contrasts Chinese art with European art by using two stories.
  • The Tang Emperor Xuanzong commissioned the painter Wu Daozi to decorate a palace wall, When it was done the Emperor admired the scene.
  • The painter drew the Emperor’s attention to a cave and when he clapped his hands the entrance of the cave opened.
  • The painter entered but before Emperor could move the entrance closed and the painting vanished, along with the artist.
  • In another story, a painter wouldn’t draw the eye of a dragon he had painted for fear it would fly out of the painting.
  • The writerthen cites a story representative of Western painting in which a master blacksmith Quinten Metsysfell in love with a painter’s daughter.
  • To be accepted as a son—in—law Quinten painted a fly on the painter’s latest panel When the painter tried to swat it away he realised the truth — Quinten wastaken on as an apprentice and married his beloved.
  • These stories reveal what each form tries to achieve.

• The Europeans want a perfect illusionisticlikeness while in Asia It is the essence of inner life and spirit. In the Chinese story only the artist knows the way within and he reaches his goal beyond material appearance.
• Unlike a Western figurative painting a classical Chinese landscape does not reproduce an actual view and one can enter it from any point and travel in it.
• It requires the active participation of the viewer both physically and mentally.
• Man becomes a means of expression of communicatIon or ‘the eye of the landscape’.

Physical education has traditionally been declared as a professional field. Appropriate career offers many rewards to the teachers whether they are engaged in elementary school, middle schools, high schools, senior secondary schools, colleges or universities. This career is usually considered to have many benefits. The teacher, in the field of physical education, has deep respect among the students because he makes a good contribution to society. This career provides internal satisfaction:

1. Elementary School
2. Middle School
3. High Secondary School
4. College and University

These are teaching opportunities in the field of physical education at different levels.

The following are objectives of physical education: .

1. Physical development
   (a) Proper growth and development
   (b) Proper functioning of various systems of the body
   © Development of skills through better neuromuscular coordination
   (d) Development of strength and endurance.
2. Psychological development
   (a) Development of healthy interests and attitudes
   (b) Satisfaction and channelising of emotions
   © Removing worry, tension, etc. through participation in sports.
3. Social development
   (a) Developing qualities of sympathy and cooperation with others '(b) Becoming a worthy member of home and society.
4. Moral development
   (a) Development of self-control
   (b) Development of sportsmanship
   © Developing leadership qualities
   (d) Development of personality.
5. Improvement in knowledge
   (a) Acquiring the knowledge of the rules of games, sports and exercise
   (b) Understanding health problems and
   their prevention.

Paralympic Games, major international sports competition for athletes with disabilities. Comparable to the Olympic Games, the Paralympics are split into Winter Games and Summer Games, which alternately occur every two years. Many of the same Olympic events are included—such as Alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, and biathlon for winter sports and cycling, archery, and swimming for summer sports—although sports equipment for the Paralympics may be modified for specific disabilities.

Aims and Objectives

• Theams of Adaptive Physical Education is to ensure that every child with special needs is provided with services that meet his/her Unique need.

• Adaptive Physical Education aims to motivate each and every CWSN to participate in Physical Education related programs.

• Its aim is to develop gross motor skill of CWSN.

• It aims to enhance self-confidence of CWSN as well as to teach them social skills, control over their emotions and expression on the normal programs.

• Its aim to teach the rules and strategies of games and their application while playing.

Yogic exercises recharge the body with cosmic energy and facilitates:

• Attainment of perfect equilibrium and harmony
• Promotes self- healing.
• Removes negative blocks from the mind and toxins from the body
• Enhances personal power
• Yoga to live with greater awareness
• Helps in attention, focus and concentration, especially important for children
• Reduces stress and tension in the physical body by activating the parasympathetic nervous system
• Yoga for better relationships

World Health Organisation (WHO): “Health is the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity” (old definition).
WHO : “Attainment of life to lead a socially and economically productive life.” (new definition)
J.F. William : "It is the quality of life to live most and serve the best."
Webster’s Encyclopaedia : "It is the state of individual to mobilise his resources intellectually, emotionally and physically for optimum living."
Voltmer & Esslinger: “Health is considered as that mental and physical condition in which individual is functionally well-adjusted internally as concern of body parts and externally as concern of environment.”

Soft skills are individual characteristics which are essential for communicating positively and politely with others.

Five soft skills which are required for a career in the field of physical education are:

1. Setting up of Goals-short-term, mid-term and long-terms

2. Time Management skills

3. Positive outlook towards failure

4. Forgiveness

5. Enthusiasm and positive energy

It is an irreversible and permanent process, accomplished by an increase in the size of an organ or organ parts or even of an individual cell.