Professional Outsourcing. Professional outsourcing includes accounting, legal, purchasing, information technology (IT), and IT or administrative support amongst other specialized services. This is one of the most popular types of outsourcing as there is potential for high cost savings.

• Professional Service Outsourcing. It's very common for many companies to outsource their complicated tasks and processes. ...
• Manufacturing outsourcing. This is the most pushed towards type. ...
• Process-Specific Outsourcing. Other models include very niche processes. ...
• Operational Outsourcing Service.

गंगातट- गंगा का तट - तत्पुरुष

समास - दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों के मेल से जब एक नया शब्द बनता है , उसे समास कहते है ।

Ophthalmoscopy is done as part of a routine physical or complete eye examination. It is used to detect and evaluate symptoms of retinal detachment or eye diseases such as glaucoma. The direct ophthalmoscope allows you to look into the back of the eye to look at the health of the retina, optic nerve, vasculature and vitreous humor. This exam produces an upright image of approximately 15 times magnification. The Large aperture is used for a dilated pupil after administering mydriatic drops.

Ophthalmoscopy, also called funduscopy, is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structures using an ophthalmoscope .

कबीर ने अपने को दीवाना क्यों कहा है?

कबीर ने स्वयं को दीवाना इसलिए कहा है, क्योंकि वह निर्भय है। उसे किसी का कुछ भी कहना व्यापता नहीं है। वह ईश्वर के सच्चे स्वरूप को पहचानता है। वह ईश्वर का सच्चा भक्त है, अत: दीवाना है।

Ans.

a. Employment
b. Profession
c. Business. 
Business: Business refers to those economic activities, which are connected with the production or purchase & sale of goods or supply of services with the main object of earning a profit. To earn income in the form of profit people engage themselves in business.
Examples: fishing, mining, farming, manufacturing, wholesales etc.

Profession: Professions includes those activities, which require special knowledge & skill to be applied by individuals in their occupation. Those engaged in professions are known as professionals. Professionals are generally subjected to guidelines or codes of conduct laid down by professional bodies.
Examples: Lawyers are engaged in the legal profession, governed by the bar council of India & chartered accountants belonging to the accounting profession are subject to the regulations of the Institute of chartered accountants of India.
Employment: Getting remunerated in return for the work done for others refers to an employee. Employees are the people who are employed by others. Thus, people who work in factories, offices of banks, insurance companies or government department, etc at various posts are the employees of these organizations. They receive wages & salaries. Examples: working in offices, banks, insurance companies, shops, as a manager, clerk, peon, salesman etc.

Urban agglomeration is a highly developed spatial form of integrated cities. It occurs when the relationships among cities shift from mainly competition to both competition and cooperation. In India, the word “urban agglomeration” is defined in the Census of India – which provides statistical information on different characteristics of the people of India. ... and its total population (i.e. all the constituents put together) should not be less than 20,000 as per the previous Census. Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advisors, etc., to the industries. Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies.

Substances conduct electricity because they contain charged particles that are able to move. When a voltage is applied to a metal, the delocalised electrons travel through the lattice structure. The movement of these charged particles forms an electric current.  Electric current is the flow of electrons in a wire. In metals, the outer electrons of the atoms belong to a 'cloud' of delocalised electrons. They are no longer firmly held by a specific atom, but instead they can move freely through the lattice of positive metal ions. Metals are good conductors of heat.

Answer as per Textbook

(i) Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions.Liberals also opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals against governments. They argued for a representative, elected parliamentary government, subject to laws interpreted by a well-trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials. However, they were not ‘democrats’. They did not believe in universal adult franchise, that is, the right of every citizen to vote. They felt men of property mainly should have the vote. They also did not want the vote for women.

(ii) In contrast, radicals wanted a nation in which government was based on the majority of a country’s population. Many supported women’s suffragette movements. Unlike liberals, they opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners. They were not against the existence of private property but disliked concentration of property in the hands of a few.

(iii)Conservatives were opposed to radicals and liberals. After the French Revolution, however, even conservatives had opened their minds to the need for change. Earlier, in the eighteenth century, conservatives had been generally opposed to the idea of change. By the nineteenth century, they accepted that some change was inevitable but believed that the past had to be respected and change had to be brought about through a slow process.

Radicals were a group of people who wanted a nation in which the government was based on majority of country's population. Conservatives: They were a group of people who opposed the radicals and the liberals and believed that the past had to be respected and a change had to be brought through a slow process. The Radicals were a loose parliamentary political grouping in Great Britain and Ireland in the early to mid-19th century, who drew on earlier ideas of radicalism and helped to transform the Whigs into the Liberal Party.

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the governed and equality before the law.[1][2][3] Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but they generally support free markets, free trade, limited government, individual rights (including civil rights and human rights), capitalism, democracy, secularism, gender equality, racial equality, internationalism, freedom of speech, freedom of the press and freedom of religion. Yellow is the political colour most commonly associated with liberalism.

Liberalism became a distinct movement in the Age of Enlightenment, when it became popular among Western philosophers and economists. Liberalism sought to replace the norms of hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy, the divine right of kings and traditional conservatism with representative democracy and the rule of law. Liberals also ended mercantilist policies, royal monopolies and other barriers to trade, instead promoting free trade and free markets. Philosopher John Locke is often credited with founding liberalism as a distinct tradition, based on the social contract, arguing that each man has a natural right to life, liberty and property and governments must not violate these rights. While the British liberal tradition has emphasized expanding democracy, French liberalism has emphasized rejecting authoritarianism and is linked to nation-building.

Nayakas were military chiefs usually mentioned law and order in their areas of control. They maintained forests and kept armed supporters. They use to control and expand fertile land and agricultural settlements. They usually submitted to kings (to the authority of Vijayanagara). 

The amara-nayaka system was a major political innovation of the Vijayanagara Empire. It is likely that many features of this system were derived from the Iqta system of the Delhi Sultanate. The amara-nayakas were military commanders who were given territories to govern by the raya. These chiefs were known as nayakas and they usually spoke Telugu or Kannada. Many nayakas submitted to the authority'of the kings of Vijayanagara but they often rebelled and had to be subdued by military action. Meaning of Amara : Amara believed to be derived from the Sanskrit word Samara, meaning battle or war.

Nayakas were the militants of Vijaynagar Empire. They were most powerful group as they control the protection of fortresses. They keep on moving for one place to another and often accompanied by Peasants in search of fertile land in order to settle down.

Amar Nayaka was most innovative and influential system devised by the rulers of Vijayanagar empire They are commanders who was given the independent territory to maintain. There main responsibilities is to collect the taxes from merchant peasants and craftsman and retain some of the portion for their personal use. In return they provide the dominant fighting forces to the Vijayanagar kings who brought peninsular dominion under their control.

Whitman finds that animals have many virtues that men are lacking. They remain very calm,  quiet and satisfied.  They have no worries. That  is why Whitman wants to live with them.

Man are always unhappy and discontented. They keep grumbling. They go mad for material possessions. Animals do none of these things. They  are always happy and contended. They don’t  have to weep over their sins.

"Organisation of local government bodies in Urban Areas

In common terms, the "Urban" includes Towns, Cities, and Bigger cities. In urban areas, the local government is organized as Municipal Corporation, Municipality, and Nagar Panchayats.

Among the three Municipal corporations is in topmost position in the local government. It receives a major share of finance which has been allocated to the local government. It controls the areas in which population is more than 2-3 lakhs.

Municipality and Nagar Panchayats are in charge of areas with population ranging from 20000 to 100000. It has separate wards and members for this body, which were elected five years once. "

Organisation of local government bodies in Urban Areas

In common terms, the "Urban" includes Towns, Cities, and Bigger cities. In urban areas, the local government is organized as Municipal Corporation, Municipality, and Nagar Panchayats.

Among the three Municipal corporations is in topmost position in the local government. It receives a major share of finance which has been allocated to the local government. It controls the areas in which population is more than 2-3 lakhs.

When a person, skilled or non-skilled, willing to work as per the going wage, does not get work, the person is said to be unemployed. This situation is termed as unemployment.

Two types of unemployment found in rural areas are as follows :

Disguised Unemployment This prevails in agricultural sector in rural India, where all the members of the family are engaged on a plot of land belonging to them. Everybody seems to be working on that land, but production does not suffer if some of the family members are removed from work. The surplus persons are disguisedly unemployed.

Seasonal Unemployment It too prevails in agricultural sector in rural India. Labourers are busy
during the period when sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing is done. Other than this period, labourers hardly get any work as villages lack infrastructure, construction activities or other sources of employment.

Let’s assume the digit at unit’s place as x and ten’s place as y. Thus from the question, the number needed to be found is 10y + x.

From the question it’s told as, the two digits of the number are differing by 2. Thus, we can write

x – y = ±2………….. (i)

Now after reversing the order of the digits, the number becomes 10x + y.

Again from the question it’s given that, the sum of the numbers obtained by reversing the digits and the original number is 66. Thus, this can be written as;

(10x+ y) + (10y+x) = 66

⇒ 10x + y + 10y + x = 66

⇒ 11x +11y = 66

⇒ 11(x + y) = 66

⇒ x + y = 66/11

⇒ x + y = 6………….. (ii)

Now, we have two sets of systems of simultaneous equations

x – y = 2 and x + y = 6

x – y = -2 and x + y = 6

Let’s first solve the first set of system of equations;

x – y = 2 …………. (iii)

x + y = 6 ………….. (iv)

On adding the equations (iii) and (iv), we get;

(x – y) + (x + y) = 2+6

⇒ x – y + x + y = 8

⇒ 2x =8

⇒ x = 8/2

⇒ x = 4

Putting the value of x in equation (iii), we get

4 – y = 2

⇒ y = 4 – 2

⇒ y = 2

Hence, the required number is 10 × 2 +4 = 24

Now, let’s solve the second set of system of equations,

x – y = -2 …………. (v)

x + y = 6 ………….. (vi)

On adding the equations (v) and (vi), we get

(x – y)+(x + y )= -2 + 6

⇒ x – y + x + y = 4

⇒ 2x = 4

⇒ x = 4/2

⇒ x = 2

Putting the value of x in equation 5, we get;

2 – y = -2

⇒ y = 2+2

⇒ y = 4

Hence, the required number is 10×4+ 2 = 42

Therefore, there are two such possible numbers i.e, 24 and 42.

 (The Summer of the Beautiful White Horse)

Word-meanings and References

Pages 1-2

imaginable–that one can imagine. जिसकी कोई कल्पना कर सके ं; magnificence–grandeur, splendour, वैभव,शान; considered–thought to be,माना जाता था; mysterious–that cannot be explained. रहस्यमय; crazy–very enthusiastic, with strange habits, सनकी दीवाना; tapping–hitting gently, थपथपाते हुए; stuck out–projected, बाहर निकाला; Armenian–the language spoken by the people of Armenia,आर्मीनियन भाषा; make it quiet–hurry up, शीघ्रता करो; alive–lively, full of life. जीवंत; longings–desires, wishes ,इच्छाएं ; tribe–community,कबीला,समुदाय ; poverty-stricken–extremely poor, अत्याधिक निर्धन; amazing–surprising,हैरान कर देने वाली; comical–funny,हास्यवर; bellies–stomach,पेट,उदर ; take advantage of–deceive anybody, मूर्ख बनाकर लाभ उठाना; consequently–as a result, hence,अतएव,परिणामस्वरुप; stared–looked,देखा; pious stillness–holy silence, पावन चुप्पी; humour–the element of laughter, हास्य ; frightened–scared, terrified, डरा दिया  I

Page 3

hurry–make haste, be quick, शीघ्रता करो; leapt up–jumped,कूदकर बैठ गया; edge–outer fringe, बाहरी किनारा; country–rural area,ग्रामीण क्ष्रेत्र;  vineyards–grapes gardens,अंगूर के बाग; orchards–fruit garden,फलों के बाग; ditches–deep pits,खाई; trot–walk in a steady manner,दुलकी चाल चलने लगा ; craziest–most eccentric,सबसे अधिक सनकी; roar–sing in a loud voice,ऊँचे स्वर में गाने लगा; streak–trace or touch,सनक; descendant–offspring,वंशज; enormous–big-bodied, fat,मोटा-ताजा; furious–full of anger, fierce,आक्रोश वाला; temper–nature,स्वभाव; irritable–easily angered,चिड़चिड़ा ; impatient–rash, restless,उतावला; roaring–shouting,ऊँचा बोलकर; trimmed–being set and cut,छाँटी जा रही थी; practical–sensible,व्यवहार; capricious–whimsical,सनकी; vagrant–wandering soul,मौजी,स्वेच्छाचारी I

 Pages 4-5

have a way with–know how to control, understanding with,सिधाने की कला; Vazire–the nickname given to the horse,वज़ीरे,घोड़े का उपनाम; snorted–let out breath with force from the nostrils, फुफकार मारी; burst into a fury of speed–started racing very fast,वेग से दौड़ चला; awful–terrible, डरावना; reared–raised its hind part,पिछला शरीर उठाया ; be kindly–treat the horse gently,नरमी से पेश आना  ; come upon–meet by chance,संयोग से मिल जाए; hide–keep secretly,छिपाया; dawned on me–became clear to me,समझ में आ गया  I

Pages 6-7

barn–place for storing grain, खलिहान; deserted–lonely,वीरान,उजड़ा; alfalfa–a kind of grass,एक प्रकार की घास; behave–conduct,आचरण करना; understanding–fact, agreement,समझौता; parlour–sitting room. बैठक); irritated–angry,चिढ़ गए; surrey–light four-wheeled horse-drawn carriage,घोड़ा-गाड़ ी; spit on–hate,give no importance  to,थूकना; stalked out of–walked out with proud steps,अकड़कर निकल गए; slamming–closing or shutting noisily,धड़ाम से बंद करते हुए; repair–give first aid to, मरहमपट्टी करना; robin–a bird, small red-breasted,एक प्रकार का पक्षी ; nevertheless–still,फिर भी ;ran into–met unexpectedly,अचानक भेट हो गईं; studied–examined,जाँचा-परखा

Page 8

twin-born together,जुड़वा; suspicious–full of mistrust,संदेही; patted–thumped gently,थपथपाया I