Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918 in Mvezo, South Africa. His birth name is Rolihlahla. He got the nickname Nelson from a teacher in school.
Nelson Mandela was a civil rights leader in South Africa. He fought against apartheid, a system where non-white citizens were segregated from whites and did not have equal rights. He served a good portion of his life in prison for his protests, but became a symbol for his people. Later he would become president of South Africa.

The most common form of democracy in present time is that of a representative democracy. It is a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected representatives representing a group of people as opposed to direct democracy.
(i) India and most of the countries follow the representative democracy. In a democracy, all the people do not rule. Direct rule by people is not possible.
(ii) In a democracy, a majority is allowed to take decisions on behalf of all the people. Even the majority does not rule directly. It rules through its elected representatives.
(iii) Representative democracy becomes necessary in the contemporary world. Because modern democracies involve such a large number of people that it is physically impossible for them to sit together and take a collective decision.
(iv) Even if they could, the citizens do not have the time, desire or skill to take part in all the decisions.

Pastoral communities of Africa are Bedouins, Berber, Maasai,Somali, Boran.Most of them now live in semi-arid grasslands or arid deserts.They raise cattle, camels, goats, sheep and donkeys and they sell milk, meat, animal skin and wool.Some also earn through trade and transport.

Followings are the powers of the President of India:

(i)The President supervises, the overall functioning of all the political institutions in the country so that they operate in harmony to achieve the objectives of the State.

(ii)All governmental activities take place in the name of the President. All laws and major policy decisions of the government are issued in her name. 

(iii)All major appointments are made in the name of the President. These include the appointment of the Chief Justice of India, the Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts of the states, the Governors of the states, the Election Commissioners, ambassadors to other countries, etc. 

(iv)All international treaties and agreements are made in the name of the President.

(v)The President is the supreme commander of the defence forces of India.

Social and political regime of France since the reign of Francis I (1515-1547) until the proclamation of the National Assembly on June 17, 1789 and the abolition of privileges in the night of August 4, during the Revolution. Some historians reserve the term for the period 1661-1789, the period of relative stabilization of absolutism.

In simple Language:

Ancien régime, (French: “old order”) Political and social system of France prior to the French Revolution. Under the regime, everyone was a subject of the king of France as well as a member of an estate and province.