The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi on behalf of depressed classes and caste Hindu leaders on the reservation of electoral seats for the depressed classes in the legislature of British India government.

1) The Poona Pact (of September 1932) gave Depressed Classes (later to be known as Scheduled caste) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils. 
2) They were to be voted in by the general electorate. 
3) The act came into force due to Gandhiji s fast unto death. 
4) Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji s stand. 

The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi on behalf of depressed classes and caste Hindu leaders on the reservation of electoral seats for the depressed classes in the legislature of British India government. Contrary to popular belief, Mahatma Gandhi was not involved in signing the pact. It was made on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune, India. It was signed by B.R Ambedkar on behalf of the depressed classes and Madan Mohan Malviya on behalf of the Caste Hindus as a means to end the fast that Gandhi was undertaking in jail as a protest against the decision by British prime minister Ramsay MacDonald to give separate electorates to depressed classes for the election of members of provincial legislative assemblies in British India. They finally agreed upon 148 electoral seats.

A principle is a fundamental statement of truth that provides guidance to thought and action.

Principles of Management

Principles of management are broad and general guidelines for managerial decision making and behavior (i.e. they guide the practice of management).

Given:-

Volume of the cylinder = 1.54m³
Diametre of the base = 140cm
Radius of the base = 140/2
= 70cm
= 0.7m

Volume of cylinder = πr²h
1.54 = 22/7*0.7²*h
1.54*7/22*0.7*0.7 = h
h = 1
Height = 1m Ans.

Ans.) The height of the cylinder is 1m.

Volume of the cylinder = 1.54m³
Diametre of the base = 140cm
Radius of the base = 140/2
= 70cm
= 0.7m
Volume of cylinder = πr²h
1.54 = 22/7 × 0.7²×h
1.54×7/22×0.7×0.7 = h
h = 1
Height = 1m

The following expression is used to mathematically represent molar conductivity.

Λ_m = K / C

Where K is the specific conductivity and c is the concentration in mole per litre.

In general, the molar conductivity of an electrolytic solution is the conductance of the volume of the solution containing a unit mole of electrolyte that is placed between two electrodes of unit area cross-section or at a distance of one-centimeter apart.

The unit of molar conductivity is S⋅m²⋅mol^-1.

March 3, 1707 was Aurangzed die

(i) Power-sharing in different forms of government: Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. It is also termed as horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. For example,  The distribution of power between Indian Parliament (legislature), the council of ministers headed by chief ministers (executive) and Courts of India.

(ii)  Power-sharing among various levels of governments: The power is shared among governments at different levels– a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. This is also called the federal division of power. Under this the Constitution clearly lays down the power of each level of government. For example, In India, power is shared among three levels of government which are Central government, State government and the local governments.

(iii) Power-sharing among different social groups: Power may also be shared among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. For example, in India, reservations are made for the socially weaker sections of society in legislatures and bureaucracy.

(iv) Power-sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements: Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements control or influence those who are in power. Different political parties contest elections for power which ensures that power does not remain in one hand. In the long run, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups.

CBSE Class 9 Mathematics (041) - Deleted portion:

Belgium a nation in Europe with complex ethnicity has two community in majority one is a Dutch-speaking community with over 59% population, and they lives in Flemish region, and another 40 % population speaks French and lives in Wallonia region, and the rest 1 % speaks German. The capital of Belgium is Brussels, the community in the majority here is French with 80% population while rest is Dutch.

The two main causes of resentment were:

(a) The French community that was in minority were rich and powerful compared to the Dutch who were in majority because the Dutch got the benefits of education much later than the French.

(b) Although the Dutch were in the majority in the country, they were in the minority in capital, i.e. Brussels.

The conflict was solved as follows:

• According to its Constitution, the Dutch and the French-speaking minister should be an equal number in the central government. Hence no single community can make the decision unilaterally.
• Some of the powers of the central government are transferred to the State government. Hence the state government is not the subordinate of the central government.
• Brussels, the capital of Belgium, has its government where both the Dutch and French community have equal representation

Martin Luther was the leader of the Protestant Reformation Movement. Its chief gospels were the following.

• A person is not required to be priest in order to establish contact with God.
• It is faith that guides people to the right path and entry into Heaven that is salvation.

Adult Franchise means all adult citizens of the country should have the right to vote without any discrimination of class, caste, class, religion, or gender. It is based on the basic principle of democracy, which we call equality. It stresses that the right to vote should be equally available to all. It is the bedrock of a democratic system. It enables all citizens to be involved in the governance of their state. 

Franchise literally means the right of the people to vote and elect their representatives. The word franchise is derived from the French word ‘franc’ which means ‘free’. In history, it took much time in making itself a universal law. In fact, this was one of the major demands in the long-drawn struggle for democracy. Till date, not all the countries of the world are practising this law. India had implemented this principle on January 26, 1950. Now the minimum age for exercising franchise is 18 years in our country. One must qualify certain grounds for the adult franchise in India. These are:-

• One must be a citizen of India,

• One must have attained 18 years of age,

• One must not be of unsound mind,

• One must not have been declared bankrupt by a competent court

Martin Luther was the leader of the Protestant Reformation Movement. Its chief gospels were the following.

• A person is not required to be priest in order to establish contact with God.
• It is faith that guides people to the right path and entry into Heaven that is salvation.

The distribution of electrons into different shells, sub shells and orbitals of an atom is called its electronic configuration.

The electronic configuration of any orbital can be represented as:  nl^x

n is the number of principal shell, l = symbol of the sub shell or orbital, x= number of electrons present in the orbital

4p¹ means that p- sub shell of the 4th main shell contain one electron.

Belgium a nation in Europe with complex ethnicity has two community in majority one is a Dutch-speaking community with over 59% population, and they lives in Flemish region, and another 40 % population speaks French and lives in Wallonia region, and the rest 1 % speaks German. The capital of Belgium is Brussels, the community in the majority here is French with 80% population while rest is Dutch.

The two main causes of resentment were:

(a) The French community that was in minority were rich and powerful compared to the Dutch who were in majority because the Dutch got the benefits of education much later than the French.

(b) Although the Dutch were in the majority in the country, they were in the minority in capital, i.e. Brussels.

The conflict was solved as follows:

• According to its Constitution, the Dutch and the French-speaking minister should be an equal number in the central government. Hence no single community can make the decision unilaterally.
• Some of the powers of the central government are transferred to the State government. Hence the state government is not the subordinate of the central government.
• Brussels, the capital of Belgium, has its government where both the Dutch and French community have equal representation.

• The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful.
• This was resented by the Dutch-speaking community who got the benefit of economic development and education much later.
• This led to tension between the Dutch speaking and French-speaking communities during the 1950s-60s.
• The conflict was solved through an agreement that dutch should also have the same no. Of people and powers in the center.

Example:

Add 5xy – 3x² – 12y +5x, xy – 3x – 12yz +5x³ and y – 6x² – zy +5x³

Solution:

For adding these three algebraic expressions the like terms are grouped together and added as shown below.

Arrange the terms of the given expressions in the same order.

Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions

For subtracting two or more algebraic expressions, it’s a better practice to write the expressions to be subtracted below the expression from which it is to be subtracted from. Like terms are placed below each other. The sign of each term which is to be subtracted is reversed and then the resulting expression is added normally.

Example:

Subtract x²y –2x² -zy + 5 and –3x² +3x³ from y³ +3x²y –6x² -6zy +7x³                                          

Solution:

The like terms of the expressions x²y – 2x² – zy + 5 and – 3x² + 3x³ are written below the like terms of the expression y³ +3x²y – 6x² – 6zy + 7x³.

For adding two or more algebraic expression the like terms of both the expressions are grouped together. The coefficients of like terms are added together using simple addition techniques and the variable which is common is retained as it is. The, unlike terms, are retained as it is and the result obtained is the addition of two or more algebraic expressions.

Example:

Add 5xy – 3x² – 12y +5x, xy – 3x – 12yz +5x³ and y – 6x² – zy +5x³

Solution:

For adding these three algebraic expressions the like terms are grouped together and added as shown below.

For subtracting two or more algebraic expressions, it’s a better practice to write the expressions to be subtracted below the expression from which it is to be subtracted from. Like terms are placed below each other. The sign of each term which is to be subtracted is reversed and then the resulting expression is added normally.

Example:

Subtract x²y –2x² -zy + 5 and –3x² +3x³ from y³ +3x²y –6x² -6zy +7x³                                          

Solution:

The like terms of the expressions x²y – 2x² – zy + 5 and – 3x² + 3x³ are written below the like terms of the expression y³ +3x²y – 6x² – 6zy + 7x³.

Belgium, a small European country, has Dutch-, French- and German-speaking populations. While 59% of the total population of the country live in the Flemish region and speak Dutch, the other 40% of the people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. In Brussels, the capital of Belgium, about 80% of the people speak French, while the remaining 20% speak Dutch.

Sri Lankan Tamils felt alienated because: 

(i) Government adopted majoritarian measure to establish Sinhala Supremacy. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language thus disregarding Tamil. 

(ii) The governments followed preferential politics that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.

(iii) A new Constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. 

(iv) Sri Lankan Tamils felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders were sensitive to their language and culture. 

(v) As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained overtime and it soon turned into a Civil War.

(i) Government adopted majoritarian measure to establish Sinhala Supremacy. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language thus disregarding Tamil. 

(ii) The governments followed preferential politics that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.

(iii) A new Constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. 

(iv) Sri Lankan Tamils felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders were sensitive to their language and culture. 

(v) As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained overtime and it soon turned into a Civil War.

The ethnics composition of Belgium, a small country is very complex. Of the country’s total population, 59 per cent live in the Flemish region and speak Dutch language. Another 40 per cent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining 1 per cent of the Belgians speak German. In the capital city, Brussels, about 80 per cent people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutch-speaking

Prove that There is one circle, and only one, which passes through three given points not in a straight line.

Answer

Data:

X, Y and Z are three points not in a straight line.

To Prove:

A unique circle passes through X, Y and Z.

Construction:

Join XY and YZ. Draw perpendicular bisectors of XY and YZ to meet at O.

Proof: