Chlorophyll a is bluish green, chlorophyll b is yellow green.

Chlorophyll c is found in brown algae, diatoms and dinoflagellates.

Chlorophyll d is found in red algae.

Chlorophyll e is present in Xanthophyceae along with chlorophyll a.

Chlorophyll is a pigment which traps solar energy into chemical energy.

The narrator had always seen his grandmother dressed in spotless white saree . His hair were silvery and her locks used to spread over the pale and wrinkled face. The narrator described her to look like an expense of pure white serenity. He also compared the mountains full of snow cover to look equally peaceful as his grandmother face.

When a protic acid (HX) is added to an asymmetric alkene, the acidic hydrogen attaches itself to the carbon having a greater number of hydrogen substituents whereas the halide group attaches itself to the carbon atom which has a greater number of alkyl substituents.
It is important to note that the Markovnikov’s rule was developed specifically for its application in the addition reaction of hydrogen halides to alkenes.

1.  Teaching Career

a) Elementary school level
b) Middle School level
c) High School and senior secondary school level
d) Collage and University level

2. Coaching Career

a) Administration relates course
b) Physical Education Department
c) Sports Department
d) Industrial recreation
e) Sport facilities Management.

3. Health-related career

a) Health club
b) Athletic training

4. Performance related career

a) As Professional player
b) As officials

5. Career in communication and midis

a) Sport Journalism
b) Book publication
c) Sports photography
d) Book publication
e) Sports broad casting

We all know that for a given volume of a liquid, a sphere has the least surface area. Also, the more the surface area of an object, the more is its surface energy. 

Now, to remain in stable equilibrium, a body always tries to minimize its surface energy. Therefore it tries to reduce its surface area and hence acquires a spherical shape. 

All this phenomena is because of the presence of surface tension of a fluid. 

• In several developed and poor nations the distribution of resources is extremely uneven & the disparities are of several dimensions: wages, education , gender, caste, race, faith, religion, rural/urban and regional. Although, most critically, these differences are so profoundly rooted in our culture of society, governance and the environment.
• Our institutions, societies, and ways of doing things are designed to sustain and exacerbate this disparity over decades. In his / her lifetime, a poor child is likely to remain poor and his / her offspring are likely to remain poor, too. Our culture &  institutions are designed to promote gender inequality. We live in a culture in which injustice is "entrenched" &  growing – words may have significant and pernicious consequences in this context. This is particularly true in the way we talk of disparities.

Archaebacteria are known to be the oldest living organisms on earth. They belong to the kingdom Monera and are classified as bacteria because they resemble bacteria when observed under a microscope. Apart from this, they are completely distinct from prokaryotes. However, they share slightly common characteristics with the eukaryotes.
Following are the important characteristics of archaebacteria:

• Archaebacteria are obligate or facultative anaerobes, i.e., they flourish in the absence of oxygen and that is why only they can undergo methanogenesis.

• The cell membranes of the Archaebacteria are composed of lipids.

• The rigid cell wall provides shape and support to the Archaebacteria. It also protects the cell from bursting under hypotonic conditions.

• The cell wall is composed of Pseudomurein, which prevents archaebacteria from the effects of Lysozyme. Lysozyme is an enzyme released by the immune system of the host, which dissolves the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria.

• These do not possess membrane-bound organelles such as nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes or chloroplast. Its thick cytoplasm contains all the compounds required for nutrition and metabolism.

➧ Area of the house on the slide
➾ 1.75 cm²

➧ Area of the image of the house formed on the screen
➾ 1.55 m²

➾ 1 m = 100 cm
➾ 10² cm

➧ Area of the image of the house formed on the screen

➾ 1.55 m² = 1.55 × (10² cm)²
➾ 1.55 × 10^4 cm²
➧ Arial magnification

➾ area of image / area of slide

➾ 1.55 × 10^4 cm² / 1.75 cm²
➾ 0.8857 × 10^4  

➧ Linear magnifications

➾ √(Arial magnification )

➾ √(0.8857 × 10^4)

➾ 0.9411 × 10²

➾ 94.11

A steradian

is the SI unit of solid angle.It can be defined as the solid angle substended at a center of an unit,sphere by a unit area on its surface.For a general sphere of radius r, any portion on its surface with area A=r^{​​​​​​2}

The taxonomic aids are the aids which help in identification, classification and naming of a newly discovered organisms (plant or animal).
It could be in the form of preserved document like herbaria or specimen kept at museums or scientific institutions. Other aids can be in the form of written document like monograph, taxonomic keys, couplets, etc. A new organism found can be studied while comparing it with living plants and animals living in protected areas like Botanical gardens, Zoological parks, etc.
Boranical gardens helps in conservation of plants by
(i) Growing important local plant species and keeping record of them.
(ii) Growing and maintaining rare and endangered species.
(iii) Supplying seeds for different aspects of botanical research.
Whereas zoological parks also contribute in conserving biodiversity by
(i) Providing natural environment and open space to animals, i.e., wild life species.
(ii) Keeping them safe from their predators ensuring protection, food and shelter.
(iii) Providing home to different native and exotic wild anials.
(iv) Involving in the rescue of endangered species.
(v) Facilitating breeding of animals and releasing them free.
Thus, both botanical gardens and zoological parks play an important role in conservation of biodiversity.

All living phenomena are due to underlying interactions. Properties of tissues are not present in the constituent cells. Similarly, properties of cellular organelles are not present in the molecular constituents of the organelle but arise as a result of interactions among the molecular components comprising the organelle. These interactions result in emergent properties at a higher level of organization. This phenomenon is true in the hierarchy of organisational complexity at all levels.

(c) Human beings were, since long, not only interested in knowing more about different kinds of organisms and their diversities, but also the relationships among them. This branch of study was referred to as systematics. Systematics takes into account evolutionary relationships between organisms.a

Question 1.
What do you mean by rights?
Answer:
Rights are conditions of social life to be given by society and recognized by the state to promote welfare of the people.

Question 2.
What does ‘duty’ stand for?
Answer:
Duty is the performance towards others, i.e. towards people, or nation or society, etc.

Question 3.
What are ‘Fundamental Rights’?
Answer:
‘Fundamental Rights’ are granted by the Constitution of India to its citizens to be mandatory for the development and progress of the people.

Question 4.

What does the Right to Equality stand for?
Answer:
Right to Equality stands for:

• All citizens of India are equal before law.
• This is an important right to abolish inequality among people of different castes and religion as well as between man and woman.

Why Fundamental Rights are important?
Answer:
Fundamental Rights are important because:

• These Rights ensure all those freedoms which make one’s life worth living.
• Fundamental rights provide equality of status and opportunity as well as protect individuals from any type of exploitation.

Question 5.

Who has the power to amend the Fundamental Rights?
Answer:
The Parliament has the right to amend the Fundamental Right.

Question 6.
Why Right to Freedom of Religion is an important right?
Answer:
The Right to Freedom of Religion is important because:

• Religion is a matter of faith, relates to conscience of a person.
• Citizens are free to adopt any religion.
• Citizens can opt any mode of worship as per choice.
• Citizens are free to manage their own religious affairs.

Question 7.
What is the importance of Article 21 of Indian Constitution?
Answer:
Article 21 provides protection of life and personal liberty, i.e. no person shall be deprived of one’s life except according to the procedure established by law of India.

Question 8
What do you mean by ‘Right to Freedom’?
Answer:
Right to Freedom implies:

• Freedom of speech and expression.
• To assemble peacefully and without arms.
• To form associations and unions.
• To move freely inside territory of country.

Question 9.
What does the ‘Right to Life’ stand for?
Answer:
Right to Life stands for:

• To live up without fear, injury and external danger.
• Even the individual himself does not possess the right to take away his own life, i.e. to commit suicide is also a crime before law.

10. The Right against Exploitation enshrined in the Indian Constitution guarantees dignity of the individual. It also prohibits the exploitation or misuse of service by force or inducement in the following ways:

• It prohibits human trafficking i.e. it criminalises buying and selling of human beings like a commodity. It also prohibits use of women or girls for immoral purposes.
• It prohibits slavery, begar, bonded labour or other forms of forced labour. Begar is a term used for practice wherein the worker has to render free service to his master or at a nominal rate. The State has been given the authority to introduce compulsory service for such persons in order to stop the practice. The government cannot discriminate on the basis of religion, race, colour, etc.
• It prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in factories, mines and other hazardous activities. 

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