Iqta System

• The Iqtadari was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the sultanate of Iltutmish.
• Under this system, the entire empire was very evenly divided into several large and small tracts of land, called the Iqtas.
• These plots of land were assigned to the various nobles, officers and soldiers for the purpose of easy and flawless administration and revenue collection.
• The Iqtas were transferable, i.e., the holders of Iqtas-Iqtadars-were transferred from one region to other every three to four years.
• The holders of small Iqtas were individual troopers. They had no administrative responsibilities.
• Muhammad of Ghur in 1206 A.D. the able king was the first to introduce the Iqta system in India, but it was lltutrnish who gave it an institutional form. The Iqtadari system witnessed numerous changes during the Sultanate period. Initially, Iqta was a revenue-yielding piece of land which was assigned in lieu of salary. However, during Firuz Shah Tughlaq's reign,in the year  1351 A,D, it became hereditary.

The important property that Mendeleev used for the classification of elements was atomic weight. He arranged all known elements in the form of periodic table. Some of the elements did not fit very well if the order of atomic weight was strictly followed. For these elements, he ignored the order of atomic weight (as atomic weight measurements can be incorrect) and placed the elements with similar properties together. Thus, iodine having lower atomic weight than tellurium (of group VI) was placed in group VII along with fluorine, chlorine and bromine due to similar properties and left some gaps for undiscovered elements.

 

 By considering the properties the adjacent elements, he predicted the properties of undiscovered elements. Later on, these elements were discovered and their properties were similar to those predicted by Mendeleev. 

Thus, Mendeleev left gaps for gallium and germanium. He named these elements as eka-aluminium and eka-silicon. When these elements were discovered, their properties were similar to those predicted by Mendeleev.

The First Crusade took place in 1098-99. Soldiers from France and Italy captured Antioch in Syria and claimed Jerusalem. There was mass slaughter of Muslims and Jews in the city. The Franks quickly established four crusader states in the region of Syria-Palestine. These territories were collectively known as Outremer (the land of overseas).

Answer :- The word Cardboard used in the poem "A Photograph" refers to the photograph of the poets mother enjoying a sea-holiday with her two cousins when she was twelve years old. The cardboard stands for the frame that supports and holds the photograph. It signifies that life is transient and what remains is an insignificant piece of paper.

Answer :- In "The Potrait of a lady" by Khushwant Singh , the authors grabdmother was short,fat and slightly bent in stature. Her silvery white hair was scattered over her wrinkled face. Khushwant Singh remembers her hobbling around the house in spotlesa white clothes with one hand resting on her waist to balance her stoop and the other busy in counting her beads. It was diffucult for the author to believe that once she too was young and pretty because he had always known her as an old woman. She had been the same for the past twenty years. To the author she was beautiful but neither young nor pretty.

What is cardboard

The story describes the entire phase of relationship which the author shared with his grandmother. In the early days of the author’s life, his grandmother shared a strong bond with him. However, that tie of friendship loosened a little when they both shifted to the author’s city house. She became resentful of the things being taught in the English school. Finally, the day came when the author was to go to the university. This phase of the author’s life was very painful for the grandmother and led to a complete separation of their relationship. The author got a room of his own and his grandmother led a life of seclusion. However, in spite of changes in the courses of lines, their feelings for each other remained unchanged. Even when he was leaving to go abroad, she didn’t display any emotion but prayed continuously. Same was her reaction when the author came back after five years.

Grandmother

Mourad was considered to be the craziest among his family members because he was considered to be the natural descendant of the crazy streak in the tribe. He was unlike his father Zorab, a practical man but quite like his ancestor Khosrove who was temperamental to say the least. In their family, a man could be the father of his son's flesh but that did not mean he was the father of his spirit too. the distribution of the various kinds of spirit in their tribe had always been capricious and vagrant. Mourad enjoyed being alive more than anybody else who had ever fallen into the world by mistake. He would steal a horse not out of malice or greed but just to take care of the animal or enjoy its company. What the world would term as scatterbrained but in actuality, he was a kind, generous and independent spirit who only answered to the callings of his heart.

Unit vector = Given Vector/its magnitude Magnitude of given vector = √25+1+4 =√30 (root 30) So unit vector in the direction of given vector will be 5/√30 î +1√30 j - 2/√30 k

Volume of carbon dioxide gas = 44.8 L  

Since at STP ; 22.4 L = 1 mole of gas

                          =2 moles of gas.

Hence we can say that at STP; the 44.8 L of carbon dioxide gas contains 2 moles of gas. Here STP indicates the standard temperature and pressure conditions which is 22.4 L volume, at 1 atmospheric pressure and the temperature at 273 K.

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Capitalism is an economic system in which private individuals or businesses own capital goods. The production of goods and services is based on supply and demand in the general market—known as a market economy—rather than through central planning—known as a planned economy or command economy. Examples. The United States is one example of capitalism, but it doesn't rank among the 10 countries with the freest markets, according to the Index of Economic Freedom.

Leadership can be described as the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of an organization or a group of which they are members.

A leader sets a clear vision for the organization, motivates employees, guides employees through the work process and builds morale. Leadership involves leading others toward achieving clear goals.

Positive Leadership: Roles Of The Leader

• Provide a Vision. ...
• Establish Effective Organizational Structure and Communication Protocols. ...
• Be an Effective Role Model. ...
• Inspire and Motivate. ...
• Delegate and Empower. ...
• Effective Time Management.

Hindi

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Follow dc pandey for better practice with combo of ncert

Is MTG good book???

NCERT Exampler

NCERT

To gain knowledge about earth

January 26, 1950 is when the Constitution of India came into effect. The Constituent Assembly took almost three years (two years, eleven months and seventeen days to be precise) to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India. The circumstances that led to 104 formal amendments and hundreds of amendments by interpretation can make one dismal. But Constitution has survived seven decades despite many assaults by Parliament and the judiciary.

No,this is not a business activity as in business activity their is exchange of goods and services on regular basis and thus is one time exchange.

Mr Sonu sold his washing machine & refrigerator on Quikr as he was shifting base to London. Is this a business activity?

Answer No, It is not considered as business. Business involves dealings in goods or services on a regular basis. One single transaction of sale or purchase, therefore, does not constitute business.

Assumed Mean Method Formula

Let x₁, x₂, x₃,…,x_n are mid-points or class marks of n class intervals and f₁, f₂, f₃, …, f_n are the respective frequencies. The formula of the assumed mean method is:

Here,

a = assumed mean

f_i = frequency of ith class

d_i = x_i – a = deviation of ith class

Σf_i = n = Total number of observations

x_i = class mark = (upper class limit + lower class limit)/2

ans

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Important formulas :

A ∪ B = B ∪ A

A ∪ (B ∪ C) = (A ∪ B) ∪ C.

 

Let A and B have x elements in common .

n { (A ∩ B) × (B ∪ A) } = n { (A × B) ∩ (B × A)

⇒ n { (A ∩ B) × (B ∪ A) } = n { (A ∩ B) } × n{ (A ∩ B) }

⇒ n { (A ∩ B) × (B ∪ A) } = k × k ⇒ k²

 

Hence A × B and B × A have an element in common . The number of elements is k² provided that k is the number of elements in common in A and B .

The discovery of the Sumerian city of Ur has shed light on the lives of the early Mesopotamians. The Mesopotamian cities fell short in terms of town planning as compared to the Harappan centres but followed a uniform pattern nevertheless. The city was divided into three parts - the sacred area, the walled city on a mound and the outer town. The sacred area consisted of the temple tower or the <i>ziggurat </i>dedicated to the patron god of the city. There were also smaller temples of other gods. This area also had the storehouse as well as the offices. People resided in the walled city and the outer town areas. Houses were constructed along the streets, and each house had a central courtyard with rooms attached around it.

Hammurabi was a famous king of Babylonia. He got prepared the world's first Code of Laws. He also got it engraved on a very big stone shaft in the form of 282 articles.

These laws were connected with trade, exchange of money, payment of taxes, theft, murder etc. Most of the laws were based on the principal of "An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth".

The code of Hammurabi is inscribed on this seven-foot basalt stele. The stele is now at the Louvre. The code of Hammurabi refers to a set of rules or laws enacted by the Babylonian King Hammurabi ( region 1792-1750 B.C. ) . The code governed the people living in his fast-growing empire.
 

1. The Mesopotamians were the first people to introduce the use of the potter's wheel to the world.

2. They were the first to enter into written trade agreement.

3. They also introduced to the world the idea of a written Code of Law.

4. They were the first people to divide a day into 24 hours, an hour into 60 minutes and a minute into 60 seconds.

5. They were first to develop a script and established the libraries and reading rooms.

The contributions: 
1. The Mesopotamians were the first people to introduce the use of the potter's wheel to the world.
2. They were the first to enter into written trade agreement.
3. They also introduced to the world the idea of a written Code of Law.
4. They were the first people to divide a day into 24 hours, an hour into 60 minutes and a minute into 60 seconds.
5. They were first to develop a script and established the libraries and reading rooms.

According to the Constitution, there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President. The total number of ministers, including the Prime Minister in the Council of Ministers shall not exceed 15 % of the total strength of the Lok Sabha. This provision was added by the 91st Amendment Act of 2003.

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S. L. Arora

What is the special characteristics of birth which allows them fly

International code of zoological nomenclature

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The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals.
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature aims to provide 'standards, sense and stability for animal names in science' by acting as an advisor and arbiter for the zoological community.