A Bill is the draft of a legislative proposal which has to pass through various stages before it becomes an Act of Parliament. The legislative process starts with the introduction of a Bill in either House of Parliament-Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha. A Bill can be introduced either by a Minister or by a Private Member. The legislative process begins with the introduction of a Bill in either House of Parliament, i.e. the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha. A Bill can be introduced either by a Minister or by a private member. In the former case it is known as a Government Bill and in the latter case it is known as a Private Member's Bill.

Windows: Microsoft Windows is a series of graphical interface operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world’s personal computer market with over 90% market share, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984.The most recent client version of Windows is Windows 7; the most recent server version is Windows Server 2008 R2; the most recent mobile version is Windows Phone 7.5.

Russia

Covering an expanse of over 6.6 million square miles, Russia is the world's largest country by landmass, beating out runner-up Canada by around 2.8 million square miles.

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Two bodies of mass M and m are moving in opposite directions with the velocities v. If they collide and move together after the collision, we have to find the velocity of the system.

Since there is no external force acting on the system of two bodies, momentum will be conserved.

Initial momentum = Final momentum

(Mv – mv) = (M+m)V_Final
From this equation, we can easily find the final velocity of the system.

In the story “The Portrait of a Lady” the author draws a very beautiful portrait of his grandmother. He spent his childhood with his grandmother in a village. She was not adapted to the modern lifestyles. She was her grandson’s bosom friend. The author says that she was like any other grandmother –old, short, fat, white haired, with wrinkled skin, back stooped with age, loving, caring and above all deeply spiritual. He heard people saying that she was very beautiful in her younger days. However, she was all same from the time he has seen her. She used to walk around the house putting one hand in her back and counting the beads in her rosary in the other. The author said that his dead grandfather’s look did not match his grandmother’s beauty. The author’s grandmother was a strong-willed woman. She not only took care of herself but also her grandson. She used to take him to school, which was attached to a temple. While the author was attending his class, she used to read books in the temple. She helped him in his studies also. She was disposed towards charity. She not only fed animals and birds, but she also loved them. Other than his grandson, they were her company. She did not love music as she considered it was for harlots and beggars. She was a lady of less words and more work. 

Hosahalli didn’t have many people who knew English. Ranga’s father was the first one who had enough courage to send his son to Bangalore to study. He was coming back to the village. Naturally, his homecoming was a great event for the villagers. People rushed to have a look of Ranga. They were satisfied that he was the same Ranga as he had been six months ago.

The villagers had assembled to assess if Ranga had changed as a person after coming back from the city. But everyone was surprised to see that Ranga was the same s he had been six months ago when he had first left the village. An old lady who was near him, ran her hand over his chest and looked into his eyes to comment that he had not lost his caste. The crowd melted away once they had ascertained that Ranga had not changed. The people were religious and close to their roots.

Challenges Faced by the Parliament
Criminalisation of Politics
According to a report by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR), the proportion of legislators with criminal cases against them has continuously increased.It stood at 15% in the year 2009 moving to 19% in 2019.
This has impacted the standards of democratic discussions, debate and dissent.
Dominance of Archaic Laws
India is a young nation but it is still ruled by old laws.
For example, the police is governed by such colonial-era statutes as the Police Act of 1861, which predates independence by nearly a century.
The archaic laws are inadequate in addressing contemporary challenges.
Anti-Defection Law
The Anti-defection law (Tenth Schedule of the Constitution) states that the Speaker/Chairman of the legislature is the final authority to decide on the disqualification of a legislator.
However, the role of the presiding officers has become increasingly politicized. Thereby creating doubts over Speaker's role vis-à-vis anti-defection law being biased, as recently seen in the Karnataka political crisis.
Decline of Representative Democracy
As per Anti-defection law, the legislators have to vote as per party whip. Due to this, legislators are compelled to vote on party lines irrespective of their local or regional interest.
This has narrowed scope of democracy dissent and divergent views.
India has first past the post electoral system, which means that candidates winning the highest number of votes gets elected.
This leads to neglect of representation of voters who voted for another candidate.
Also, this system of voting is not suitable for the representation of minorities, raising questions on representation.
Only 14.3% (78) of the total members in the current parliament are women.
All these factors taken together defeat the intended purpose of representative democracy.

Let it will take T time to cover the whole length

so we can say

now in last 0.2 s it will cover 6 m

now by above two equations

now the height of the tree is

A no-confidence motion can be moved by any member of the House. It can be moved only in the Lok Sabha and not Rajya Sabha. Rule 198 of the Rules of Procedure and conduct of Lok Sabha specifies the procedure for moving a no-confidence motion.

S={x:x is a positive multiple of 3 less than 31}

⟹S={3,6,9,12,⋯,30}

⟹n(S)=10

P={x:x is a prime number less than 30} 

⟹P={2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19, 23, 29}

⟹n(P)= 10

n(S)+n(P)=10+10=20

A joint session or joint convention is, most broadly, when two normally separate decision-making groups meet together, often in a special session or other extraordinary meeting, for a specific purpose. Most often it refers to when both houses of a bicameral legislature sit together. If at the joint sitting of the two Houses, the Bill, with such amendments, if any, as are agreed to in joint sitting, is passed by a majority of the total number of members of both Houses present and voting, it shall be deemed to have been passed by both Houses.

1 mole of a substance is equal to its atomic mass or molecular mass expressed in grams.

The atomic mass expressed in grams is the gram atomic mass.

The molecular mass expressed in grams is the gram molecular mass.

For example

The atomic mass of sodium is 23 grams.

Therefore, 23 grams of sodium is equal to one mole of sodium atoms.

Similarly, the molecular mass of oxygen (O₂) =  2 × Atomic mass of oxygen

                                                                 = 2 × 16 = 32 g

So, 32 grams of oxygen is equal to one mole of oxygen molecules.

1 mole (of anything) = 6.022 × 10²³ in number