Carl Woese proposed the six- kingdom classification. These six kingdoms are Kingdom Archaebacteria, Kingdom Eubacteria, Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, and Kingdom Animalia. Woese found that the six kingdoms naturally cluster into three main categories, based on the sequence of 16s ribosomal RNA genes. He called these categories as domains of life. These domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. He also believed that these domains have originated from common ancestors called Progenote.

- Archaebacteria are the oldest known living organisms. They are single- celled and thrive in extremely hot boiling water found in environments

- Eubacteria are also single- celled bacterial organisms. Eubacteria are very common and well- known to us as parasites but some bacteria are also commensal and used for the production of many antibiotics or food material.

- The Fungi kingdom is recognizable to us like mushrooms, molds, mildews, and yeasts. Fungi are multi- celled organisms. - Protista or Protozoa are single- celled organisms but are more complex than eubacteria. The Protista kingdom includes algae and slime molds.

- The Plantae kingdom includes all flowering plants, mosses, and ferns. Plants are multi- celled, complex organisms and are Autotrophic except for a few.

- The largest kingdom is the Kingdom of Animalia. There is a wide variety of organisms ranging from sponges to blue whales.

Yogic exercises recharge the body with cosmic energy and facilitates:

• Attainment of perfect equilibrium and harmony
• Promotes self- healing.
• Removes negative blocks from the mind and toxins from the body
• Enhances personal power
• Yoga to live with greater awareness
• Helps in attention, focus and concentration, especially important for children
• Reduces stress and tension in the physical body by activating the parasympathetic nervous system
• Yoga for better relationships

An object is said to be in a rectilinear motion when two objects are moving in a straight line and are parallel to each other. Elevator movement is an example of rectilinear motion

There are three types of rectilinear motion, and they are uniform rectilinear motion, uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion and rectilinear movement with non-uniform acceleration

Terrestrial adaptation necessitated the production of lesser toxic nitrogenous wastes like urea nd uric acid for conservation of water. Mammals, many terrestrial amphibians and marine fishes mainly excrete urea and are called ureotelic animals. Ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea in the liver of these animals and released into the blood which is filtered an excreted out by the kidneys. Some amount of urea may be retained in the kidney matrix of some of these animals to maintain a desired osmolarity.

• All natural earthquakes occur in the lithosphere.
• Seismic wave studies offer a full picture of the layered interior.
• An earthquake is, simply put, shaking of the earth’s crust.
• It is caused due to the energy release, which triggers waves that travel in all directions.
• The emanation of energy occurs along a fault.
• A fault is a sharp break in the crustal rocks.
• Rocks along a fault generally move in opposing directions.

The president can declare a state of emergency in the following cases: 1)if the governor of the concerned state advices to do so. This power of the President is known as discretionary power. The following are the discretionary powers of the President of India: The President can withhold assent to a Non-Money Bill or send it back for reconsideration. There is no time limit within which the President is required to declare his assent or refusal or return the Bill for reconsideration.

 Executive:

• The organ of government that primarily looks after the function of implementation and administrations called the executive.

 Different Types of Executive

Presidential system

• The president is the Head of state as well as head of government.

• In this system the office of president is very powerful, both in theory and practice.

• Countries with such a system include the United States, Brazil and most nations in Latin America.

Semi-Presidential Executive

• Under the system of Executive Presidency, people directly elect the President.

• It may happen that both the President and the Prime Minister belong to the same political party or to different political parties.

• Countries with such a system include the France, Russia, Sri Lanka.

Parliamentary System

• The prime minister is the head of government.

• Most parliamentary systems have a president or a monarch who is the nominal Head of state.

• In such a system, the role of president or monarch is primarily ceremonial and prime minister along with the cabinet wields effective power.

• Countries with such system include Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom as well as Portugal.