Diamagnetic means the atoms or molecules  has no unpaired electrons or spins.  Hence, that substance does not get attracted to magnetic field when placed in it.

For example, Cl^-, N₂

Paramagnetic means the atoms or molecules  has one or more unpaired electrons or spins.  Hence, that substance gets attracted to magnetic field when placed in it.

For example, O₂

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The three orders are three social categories: Christian priests, landowning nobles and peasants.The term ‘feudalism’ has been used by historians to describe the economic, legal, political and social relationships that existed in Europe in the medieval era.

The Three order

First Order

Priests (The Clergy)

– The Catholic Church

– Europe guided by bishops and clerics.

– Pope lived in Rome

– Women could not be become priests

– Monks – The church and Society

Second Order

Nobles

– Vassals of the king

– They enjoyed a privileged status

– Absolute control over property

– Could raise troops

– Even coin his own money

Third Order

– Peasants

– Free peasants and serfs

– Serfs cultivated plots of land, but these belonged to the lord.

There was only one pleasure left in the old man now (his son's early morning visits and readings from the newspaper could no longer be called that) and those were visits from elderly neighbors.

The story revolves around Ranga, the accountant’s son who got the opportunity to go out of the village to study. The narrator takes you through a journey where he changes Ranga’s perception about marriage, how he staged their union with the help of a Shastri and what role English has played in their village. The entire story involves funny instances and references for the narrator has made sure your mind stays occupied with the story.

Economic Activities Activities which are under taken by people with the object of earning money are known as economic activities. e.g., production of goods in 8 factory, distribution of goods by a wholesaler or retailer

The very suggestion of the 'cut' by Frank scared Talpow. He was scared of Crocker Harris and giving Crocker Harris the cut was beyond his imagination. He knew how strict Crocker Harris was and if he dared to cut he was afraid that Crocker Harris would probably follow him home and create a situation which would surely not be quite pleasant for Talpow. And so he dismissed Frank's idea of the cut.

Egyptian emperors were known as Pharaohs. They were extremely rich and had vast treasures of gold. they were believers in life after death. This led them to mummify the bodies of rulers and bury them in caskets with worldly goods for the next life. Tutankhamen was one such ruler whose tomb was unearthed with his mummified body and many valuable items.
 

The Writ of Quo Warranto: The writ of Quo Warranto is issued to an individual who has usurped a public office. He is asked through that writ about his right to hold the said office. This writ is issued only when there is no other way out for remedying the grievances. Moreover, it can be issued only for a public office and not for the office of any private organization. In reply to such a writ the officer concerned has to legally prove his right to hold that office, otherwise, court can get the office vacated.

The Writ of Mandamus: The writ of mandamus is issued by the Supreme Court to a lower court, an official or an association. The aim of this writ is to protect the right of the petitioner and to get some public duty done by that authority to whom the writ is issued. The Supreme Court can issue this writ only for protecting the Fundamental Rights but the High Courts are empowered to issue it for other purposes also in addition to safeguarding the Fundamental Rights.

The Sapru Committee in 1945 suggested two categories of individual rights. One being justiciable and the other being non-justiciable rights. The justiciable rights, as we know, are the Fundamental rights, whereas the non-justiciable ones are the Directive Principles of State Policy.

DPSP are ideals which are meant to be kept in mind by the state when it formulates policies and enacts laws. There are various definitions to Directive Principles of State which are given below:

• They are an ‘instrument of instructions’ which are enumerated in the Government of India Act, 1935.
• They seek to establish economic and social democracy in the country.
• DPSPs are ideals which are not legally enforceable by the courts for their violation.

WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE EVAPORATION AND CONDENSATION

The amount of water vapour in the atmosphere is added or withdrawn due to evaporation and condensation respectively.
Evaporation is a process by which water is transformed from liquid to gaseous state. Heat is the main cause for evaporation.

The temperature at which the water starts evaporating is referred to as the

latent heat of vaporization.
Hence, the greater the movement of air, the greater is the evaporation.
The transformation of water vapour into water is called condensation. Condensation is caused by the loss of heat. When moist air is cooled, it may reach a level when its capacity to hold water vapour ceases. Then, the excess water vapour condenses into liquid form. If it directly condenses into solid form, it is known as sublimation.
In free air, condensation results from cooling around very small particles termed as hygroscopic condensation nuclei. Particles of dust, smoke and salt from the ocean are particularly good nuclei because they absorb water.

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<a data-ved="2ahUKEwjIwYyM08XtAhU9zjgGHV8pDzUQFjACegQIAhAC" href="https://mycbseguide.com/blog/water-atmosphere-class-11-notes-geography/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://mycbseguide.com/blog/water-atmosphere-class-11-notes-geography/&ved=2ahUKEwjIwYyM08XtAhU9zjgGHV8pDzUQFjACegQIAhAC" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Water in the Atmosphere class 11 Notes Geography</a>

The dimensional formula of Velocity is given by,

M⁰ L¹ T^-1

Where,

• M = Mass
• L = Length
• T = Time

The tiny projections on the inner surface of the small intestine which help in absorbing the digested food are called villi. These helps to increase the surface area of intestinal walls.These are located in the inner walls of the small intestine.Their function is to increase the surface area of the small intestinal wall for absorption of the digested food.

Salient Features of DNA Double-Helix

• It consists of two polynucleotide chains where the sugar and phosphate group form the backbone and the nitrogenous bases project inside the helix.
• The two polynucleotide chains have anti-parallel polarity i.e. if one strand has 5′ → 3′ polarity, the other strand has 3′ → 5′ polarity.
• The bases on the opposite strands are connected through hydrogen bonds forming base pairs (bp). Adenine always forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine from the opposite strand and vice-versa. Guanine forms three hydrogen bonds with cytosine from the opposite strand and vice-versa. Therefore, a purine always pairs with a pyrimidine on the other strand, giving rise to a uniform distance between the two strands of the helix.
• The two strands coil in a right-handed fashion. Each turn of the helix is 3.4nm (or 34 Angstrom units) consisting of 10 nucleotides. These nucleotides are at a distance of 0.34nm (or 3.4 Angstrom units).
• The helix is stable because of the base pairs that stack over one another and hydrogen bonds that hold the bases together.

Children are continually changing physically, mentally, socially, emotionally, and spiritually. They follow a general pattern of growth and development. Parents and teachers who are aware of common characteristics of different age-groups will be able to deal with children’s behavior more appropriately and teach them more effectively.

Some children may develop faster or slower than others their age. For example, a particular six-year-old may fit more closely the age characteristics of a five-year-old or a seven-year-old. Remember also that children may temporarily revert to younger behavior during emotional stress or tension.

Church lesson manuals have been prepared with children’s growth characteristics in mind. As you study and prepare each lesson, be aware of how each part of the lesson can help you meet the children’s needs.

1. They use physical descriptions of their self or material possessions to differentiate themselves from others – they may use descriptive words like ‘tall’, or ‘big’ or refer to the clothes they wear or the toys or objects they have. Their self-descriptions are in absolute terms – this means they do not see themselves in comparison with others. To give an example, instead of saying, “I am taller than Kiran”, the child will say, “I am tall.”

2. They describe themselves in terms of things they can do. For example, in terms of their play activities – “I can ride a cycle”; “I can make a house”; “I can count”. Thus, their self understanding contains active descriptions of themselves.

3. Their self descriptions are in concrete terms – i.e., they define themselves in terms of things they can do or what is visible to them – “I have a television.”

4. They often overestimate themselves. Thus, a child may say, “I am never scared” or “I know all the poems”, but may not remember them completely.

5. Young children are also unable to recognise that they can possess different attributes – that they can be ‘good’ and ‘bad’, ‘mean’ and ‘nice’ at different points in time.

The goal of alchemy was to find a mythical and magical substance called “philosopher’s stone” not a literal stone but wax, liquid or powder with magical power, which on heating with a base, iron and copper metals would turn into gold, the purest form of matter which would bring wealth, health and immortality.

There are three types of root system, viz. tap root system, fibrous root system and adventitious root system.

1. Tap Root System: This type of root system is mainly present in dicotyledonous plants. Direct elongation of the radicle results in formation of primary root. The primary root bears secondary, tertiary, etc. roots. The primary root; along with its branches; makes the tap root system, e.g. mustard, banyan, etc.
2. Fibrous Root System: This type of root system is mainly present in monocotyledonous plants. The primary root is short lived after germination. This is replaced by a large number of roots and all of them emerge from the base of the stem. Such roots constitute the fibrous root system, e.g. wheat, paddy, grass, etc.
3. Adventitious Roots: Sometimes, roots arise from some other plant parts (other than radicle). Such roots are called adventitious roots. Adventitious roots are used for various purposes; like vegetative propagation, mechanical support, etc.