Beryllium and magnesium atoms are smaller in size and their electrons are strongly bound to the nucleus. They need large amounts of energy for excitation of electrons to higher energy levels which is not available in the bunsen flame. So they do not impart colour to the flame.

• The gases following Boyle’s law, Charles’law and Avogadro law firmly are termed as anideal gas.
• From Boyle’s law we have  V ∝ 1/p (Constant T, n)
• From Charles’ law we have  V ∝ T (Constant p, n)
• From Avogadro’s law we have V ∝ n (Constant T, n)
• Combining them we get,  V ∝ nT/p
• or V = nRT/p 

pV = nRT ………………………… (IDEAL GAS EQUATION)

R =pV/nT

R= Gas Constant. It is same for all gases.

If  conditions at the two boundaries are same, then both even and odd harmonics are obtained. Based on this principle,  in an open organ pipe both odd and even harmonic are produced.

In Pth harmonic,

Total anti-nodes between two open ends = P + 1

Distance between two antinodes = λ / 2

l = P ( λ/2 )

λ = 2 I/P ----- (1)

n = V/λ  ----- (2)

Substituting (2) in (1) we get,

n = PV / 2 l

P = 1, 2, 3 ...

P = 1; n1 = V/2l -- This is 1st harmonic frequency

P = 2; n2 = 2 V/2l = 2 n1 -- This is 2nd harmonic frequency

Hence n1:n2 = 1:2

Similarly, n1:n2:n3:n4 ... = 1:2:3:4...

Hence proved, in an open organ pipe both odd and even harmonic are produced.

Linn represents the name of the author i,e., carolous Linnaeus who first coined the term Mangifera indica

Mangifera indica Linn is the scientific name for mango. The Linn is the abbreviation which is used for the scientist who named it, Carolus Linnaeus, whenever such abbreviation is used after the scientific name then it always show the name of the scientist who named it. Mangifera represents the genus and indicia represent the species.

Angular momentum(L):-  It is an measure of the rotation of body, taking into account its mass , shape and speed.
 
L =  r ×​ p
where r is distance from the axis of rotation and the p is the linear momntum of the body.

Torque(τ): It is an moment of force i.e. tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis.
We have shown that Newton's second law can be written as

ΣF = dp/dt.

where ΣF is the net force acting on a body.  Thus we can write

r ´ ΣF = r ´ dp/dt.

Since the net torque acting on a body is Στ = r ´ ΣF, and since we can add to the right hand side of the preceding equation the quantity dr/dt ´ p = 0 without changing its value, we can write

Στ = r ´ dp/dt + dr/dt ´ p = d(r ´ p)/dt.

We define angular momentum as

 L º r ´ p

The preceding equation then becomes

Στ = d L/dt,

which is the rotational analogue of Newton's second law as expressed at the top of this derivation.  (We note that 
like torque, which depends both upon the net force applied to a body and the point about which that torque is 
calculated, a body's angular momentum depends upon the net momentum of the body and upon the point about 
which its angular momentum is calculated.)

a. Employment
b. Profession
c. Business.

 Industrial Activities :
i. Production
ii. Product Development
iii. Inventory Management.

Commercial Activities:
i. Placing an Order
ii. Receiving Delivery
iii. Making Payment.

No, because minimum subscription is 90% and ABC Ltd. got applications for 50% issue.

Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (ICCI) is playing a catalytic role in strengthening internal trade to make it an important part of overall economic activity.

 Joint Venture

1. Since the local partner also contributes to the equity capital of such a venture, the international firm finds it financially less burdensome to expand globally.

2. Joint ventures make it possible to execute large projects requiring huge capital outlays and manpower.

3. The foreign business firm benefits from a local partner’s knowledge of the host countries as regards to competitive conditions, culture, language, political systems and business systems.

4. In many cases entering into a foreign market is very costly and risky. This can be avoided by sharing costs and/or risks with a local partner under joint venture agreements.

Mail Order Houses

Two Advantages
i. They can be started with low amount of capital.
ii. They don't require the services of middle man so they are eliminated.

Two Disadvantages
i. There is no personal contact between buyers & sellers.
ii. They rely heavily on advertisement (or any other appropriate advantage or disadvantage)

Values : Providing quality product (or any other appropriate value)

Henry Moseley was the scientist who first classified elements on the basis of atomic number. He stated that” the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number”. Untill this all the scientists tried to classify elements on the basis of atomic mass.

This law states that the amount of heat evolved or absorbed in a process, including a chemical change is the same whether the process takes place in one or several steps.

Suppose in a process the system changes from state A to state B in one step and the heat exchanged in this change is q. Now suppose the system changes from state A to state B in three steps involving a change from A to C, C to D and finally from D to B. If q1, q2 and q­3 are the heats exchanged in the first, second and third step, respectively then according to Hess’s law

q₁ + q₂ + q₃ = q

Hess’s law is simply a corollary of the first law of thermodynamics. It implies that enthalpy change of a reaction depends on the initial and final state and is independent of the manner by which the change is brought about.