According to the law of equipartition of energy, for any dynamic system in thermal equilibrium, the total energy for the system is equally divided among the degree of freedom.

Kinetic Energy of a single molecule: KE = 1/2 mv². A gas in thermal equilibrium at temperature T, the average Energy is:

E_avg = 1/2 mv_x² + 1/2 mv_y² + 1/2 mv_z²  = 1/2KT + 1/2 KT + 1/2 KT = 3/2 KT

where K = Boltzmann’s constant. In case of a monoatomic molecule, since there is only translational motion, the energy allotted to each motion is 1/2KT. This is calculated by dividing total energy by the degrees of freedom:

3/2 KT ÷ 3 = 1/2 KT

Volvox is a Chlorophyte, or green alga. It exists as a grand spherical colony. Each little alga within the colony bears two flagella, whip-like hairs. The individual alga are connected to each other by thin strands of cytoplasm that enable the whole colony to swim in a coordinated fashion. Volvox is a polyphyletic genus of chlorophyte green algae in the family Volvocaceae. It forms spherical colonies of up to 50,000 cells. They live in a variety of freshwater habitats, and were first reported by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1700.

Almost after two millennia, the works on the simplifying matter was materialized by Dalton. In 1808 John Dalton postulated the famous Dalton’s Atomic Theory. He published this theory in a paper titled “A New Chemical Philosophy”; indeed the philosophy was new for that era. The postulates of Dalton’s Atomic Theory were as follows:

1. Matter is made up of indivisible particles known as atoms.
2. The properties of all the atoms of a given element are same including mass. This can also be stated as, all the atoms of an element have identical mass; atoms of different elements have different masses.
3. Atoms of different elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds.
4. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed. This implies that during chemical reactions, no atoms are created nor destroyed. The formation of new products (compounds) results from the rearrangement of existing atoms (reactants).

Dalton’s Atomic Theory also suggested that the smallest part of an atom that can take part in a chemical reaction is an atom. Some postulates of this theory remain valid even in modern chemical thoughts. The atomic structure model proposed by Dalton has proved to be a stepping stone in chemistry and forms the base for modern atomic theories and quantum mechanics.

1. It is influenced by the mountains and relief features of the country. For example, the western slopes of the Western Ghats get heavy rainfall while the eastern slopes get scanty rainfall as the latter lies on the leeward side of the Western Ghats.
2. Monsoon rainfall in India is unevenly distributed in the country. While Meghalaya receive more than 200 cm of rainfall, the western parts of Rajasthan and Punjab get only up to 50-80 cm of rainfall annually.

Error of Omission: If a transaction remains altogether unrecorded in the Journal, i.e. the book of original entry, it will be termed as an error of omission. It is termed as a two-sided error and such an error will not affect the agreement of the Trial Balance because the transaction is altogether omitted from being recorded in the books of accounts.
Error of Principle: When a fundamental principle of accounting is violated, while recording a transaction, it is known as an error of principle.
For example: - 1. Purchase of furniture is debited to the Purchases A/c instead of Furniture A/c.
2. Repairs of old machinery are debited to the Machinery A/c instead of Repairs A/c.

In botany, secondary growth is the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken, while primary growth is growth that occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems and roots, causing them to elongate, and gives rise to primary tissue. Secondary growth is the formation of secondary tissues from lateral meristems. It increases the diameter of the stem. In woody plants, secondary tissues constitute the bulk of the plant. They take part in providing protection, support and conduction of water and nutrients.

To every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction.

For example, when you hold the ball, a force acts on the ball (Action), and an equal and opposite force acts on your hand (Reaction).

Outsourcing is hitherto another trend that is fundamentally reshaping business. It refers to a long-term contract generally, the non-core. Recently, even some of the core activities are outsourced to a third party specialists with a view to benefit from their experience, speciality, efficiency and, also investment, this phenomenon has undoubtedly become global.

1. Particular Partnership
2.  Partnership Deed.
3. Pradeep-sleeping partner, Ravi-Active Partner
4. Merits:

 i. A Firm can file a suit against the other firm or other third parties.
ii. Firm can file suit against partners.

 i. It is a limited partnership.
ii. Violation of Government rules & social responsibility not fulfill.
iii. B2B Commerce.

 i. Peddlars and hawkers
ii. Speciality shop
iii. Street traders.