Structure of Human Heart

• The heart is a muscular organ covered by a double membrane called pericardium.
• The pericardial fluid of the pericardium lubricates the heart.
• The heart is divided into four chambers — two upper atria and two lower ventricles.
• The inter-atrial septum separates the two atria and the inter-ventricular septum separates the two ventricles.
• The atrium and the ventricle of each side are separated by the atrioventricular septum.
• Superior and inferior vena cavae open into the right atrium.
• The right ventricle opens into the pulmonary artery.
• Four pulmonary veins open into the left atrium.
• The left ventricle opens into the aorta.
• The opening between the right atrium and right ventricle is guarded by the tricuspid valve.
• The opening between the left atrium and left ventricle is guarded by the bicuspid (mitral) valve.
• The opening of the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and the opening of the left ventricle into the aorta is guarded by the semilunar valves.

Working of Heart

• The right atrium receives blood from the upper and lower body through the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, respectively, and from the heart muscle itself through the coronary sinus. The right atrium is the larger of the two atria, having very thin walls. The right atrium opens into the right ventricle through the right atrioventricular valve(tricuspid), which only allows the blood to flow from the atria into the ventricle, but not in the reverse direction.
• The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs to be reoxygenated.
• The left atrium receives blood from the lungs via the four pulmonary veins. It is smaller than the right atrium but has thicker walls. The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle, the left atrioventricular valve(bicuspid), is smaller than the tricuspid. It opens into the left ventricle and again is a one-way valve.
• The left ventricle pumps the blood throughout the body through the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. The walls of the left ventricle are the thickest among all the chambers.

No, it is not necessary that all black coloured object should be considered as black bodies. For example , if we take a black surface which is highly polished, it will not behave as a perfect black body .

No, it is not necessary that all black coloured object should be considered as black bodies. For example , if we take a black surface which is highly polished, it will not behave as a perfect black body .

According to the International Union of Biochemists (I U B), enzymes are divided into six functional classes and are classified based on the type of reaction in which they are used to catalyze. The six kinds of enzymes are hydrolases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, ligases and isomerases.

हादज़ा शिकारियों व संग्राहकों का एक छोटा समूह था जो 'लेक इयासी' एक खारे पानी की झील के आसपास रहते थे। हादज़ा लोग आमतौर पर अपने शिविर जलस्रोत से एक किलोमीटर की दूरी पर पेड़ों या चट्टानों के बीच तथा जहाँ पर सुविधाएँ मौजूद हों वहाँ बनाते थे। पूर्वी हादज़ा लोग जमीन तथा संसाधनों पर अपने अधिकारों का दावा नहीं करते, क्योंकि वे अपना अधिकांश जीवन भोजन की तलाश व कंदमूल, फल-फूल की खोज में ही अस्थायी शिविरों में बिताते थे। 

An interior designer is required for Pink Power Cafe urgently.

Pink Power Cafe is the only cafe in town established and managed by a group of women. It is located near Bardhan Road, opposite Starlight mall.

Interested interior designers are requested to mail their CV along with their portfolio to the mentioned email id below-

[email protected]

Shortlisted candidates will be contacted within a week.

Join us now!

In C₃ plants some O₂ does bind to RuBisCO, and hence CO₂ fixation is decreased. Here the RuBP instead of being converted to 2 molecules of PGA binds with O₂ to form one molecule and phosphoglycolate in a pathway called photorespiration. In the photorespiratory pathway, there is neither synthesis of sugars, nor of ATP. Rather it results in the release of CO₂ with the utilization of ATP. In the photorespiratory pathway, there is no synthesis of ATP or NADPH. Therefore, photorespiration is a wasteful process.

• All the three curves are U-shaped due to the law of variable proportion.
• Marginal Cost curve cut both Average total cost and Average variable cost from their lowest point.

This statement is related to the merits and demerits of a partnership form of business organization.

Merits are:

• Balanced decision making: The partners can oversee different functions according to their areas of expertise. Because an individual is not forced to handle different activities, this not only reduces the burden of work but also leads to fewer errors in judgements. As a consequence, decisions are likely to be more balanced.
• Sharing of Risks: The risks involved in running a partnership firm are shared by all the partners. This reduces the anxiety, burden and stress on individual partners.

Demerits are:

• Limited Resources: There is a restriction on the number of partners, and hence contribution in terms of capital investment is usually not sufficient to support large scale business operations. As a result, partnership firms face problems in expansion beyond a certain size.
• Possibility of Conflicts: Partnership is run by a group of persons wherein decision-making authority is shared. The difference in opinion on some issues may lead to disputes between partners. Further, decisions of one partner are binding on other partners. Thus an unwise decision by someone may result in financial ruin for all others.

The modern modes of communication are all electronic such as emails, Phones, text messages, the internet, television and so on.

{tex}\text { Given limit }=\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left(x-2 \times \frac{\tan 2 x}{2 x}\right)}{\left(\frac{\tan x}{x}\right)}=\left\{\frac{0-(2 \times 1)}{1}\right\}=-2{/tex}

Please give complete information. 

1. Diversity in themes e.g. A scene of an activity related to religious social court hunting Nayak- Nayika Bheda seasons Barah – Masa and raga – Ragini Music etc.2. The powerful and rhythmic lines of this school are derived from old Indian tradition.3. Execution of forms human figures architectural forms flora & fauna are painted inIdealistic manner.4. Glowing colours in deep harmonious contrast.5. Inspired from India epics devotional poetry Bharti- Kauya romantic poetry Riti- Vauya and Indian music.6. The tradition of simple and straight forward composition in which main figures stand out against a flat background in darkor bright colours.

Students are more connected than ever before through social media, especially during these difficult times, when they are physically distanced from their family, friends, and peers. While social media provides many benefits, such as giving students the chance to express themselves creatively, learning opportunities, and the chance to connect with others, social media can also have a negative impact on students, both physically and mentally. It is easy to become addicted, and research shows that students who spend too much time on social media can suffer from poor sleep, eye fatigue, negative body image, depression, anxiety, cyberbullying, and more.

The positive impact of social media on students
Connect with peers Having a social network, especially during these social distancing times, is incredibly important and has been shown to have a positive effect on mental health and well-being. It allows students to connect with likeminded peers, breaking limitations of distance and time. This can be particularly valuable for minority youth, who may have difficulty finding others like themselves.

Learning opportunities In addition to the benefits of classroom learning social media provides through sites like YouTube, social media helps students access mental health and well-being information, which can be hard to do offline without stigma.

The negative impact of social media on students

Poor sleep, eye fatigue, and physical inactivity Social media can be incredibly addictive — we all know what it feels like to tell ourselves we’ll only check our notifications, and before we know it, we’ve been mindlessly scrolling for hours. Using devices can have an especially detrimental effect if done near bedtime, as the blue light emanating from our devices tricks our bodies into thinking it’s still daylight outside, which upsets our natural rhythms. We also blink less when looking at devices, which, in combination with blue light, can lead to eye fatigue and strain.

Worsens mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression
Facebook has been studying the effect that Instagram has on its younger users and has uncovered some alarming findings, as revealed by the Wall Street Journal. Facebook’s full research slide decks are available through their newsroom.

Their research shows that:
Most users wished Instagram “had given them better control of what they saw and helped them connect with people who had had a similar experience.” “1 in 3 teen girls blame Instagram for making their body image issues and problematic social media use worse.” Users were more likely to think that “Instagram made problematic use worse, followed by social comparison, body image, FOMO (fear of missing out), sleep issues, SSI, and anxiety.” To help promote better mental health, the company is testing hiding likes and has enabled the “all caught up” message to help limit scrolling by telling users they have seen all the content from the accounts they follow. Others have suggested further improvements, like calling attention to cosmetically altered photos. Educators and parents need to be mindful of the effects social media can have on the children in their care. OnGuard, part of the Netsweeper platform, can filter and block harmful content on social media websites, and alerts educators to students who are engaging with harmful content online.

Speaking correct English fluently is a matter of natural exposure to the language, and the regular, sincere practice. The easiest way to learn English is to spend maximum of your time in an environment where quality English is spoken. If you don't have an easy access to such an environment, you need to create it. Fluency of correct English does not happen in a day or month. You need a long training. I suggest the following strategies for your improvement:

1. Listen to the soundtracks of audio-books, such as, Harry Potter, The Story of My Life, or any other books of your choice. Listen to the tracks at least one hour every day.

2. Do read at least for 2 hours the books whose soundtrack you listen.

3. Use dictionary to look up all the new words that you come across while reading and listening.

4. Don’t let any chance to speak English go by. In the beginning there will be fumbles and bungles. However, you will have to start speaking the language. Hesitation to speak will never let you improve your English fluency.  

5. In order to do well in interview you must improve your general knowledge and the knowledge about current affairs. Do practice mock interviews with someone whose English as well as general knowledge is quite good.

The english language is part of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European Family of languages. These Indo-European languages originate from Old Norse and Saxon. English originated from a fusion of languages and dialects, now called Old English :

It all started when the Germanic tribes arrived in Britain and invaded the country during the 5th century AD. Before the Germanic invasions in Britain, Britain was populated by various Celtic tribes. These Celtic tribes were united by customs, religion and common speech. But the celtic tribes lacked political unity and that made them vulnerable. During the first century, Britain was conquered by Rome. When Britain finally gained independence from Rome in the year 410 AD, the Roman legions had withdrawn from Britain and this left the country vulnerable to invaders. Inhabitants from the north began attacking the inhabitants of Britain. A lot of different Germanic tribes started to migrate to Britain, but a few stood out amongst the rest, such as the Saxons, the Angles,the Jutes, the Franks and the Frisians. They came from different parts of what is nowadays northwest Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands.

The original inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the original inhabitants were driven to the west and north by the invaders. They mainly migrated to what is now Wales, Scotland and Cornwall. The Saxons called the native Britons, ‘wealas’ and wealas meant foreigner or slave, this is where the modern word Welsh came from.

The germanic tribes were constantly fighting over power. But as time passed the different germanic cultures gradually became similar to each other until they eventually stopped seeing themselves as their individual origin but collectively as either Anglo-Saxon or English. The germanic tribes already spoke similar languages that now developed into what we now call Old English. The words England and English are derived from Engla-land (“land of the Angles”) and englisc (the language the Angles spoke).

How did the english language evolve?

The history of the english language is split up into three periods that are normally called Old English (or Anglo-Saxon), Middle English and Modern English.

Old English was the first form of English.It did not look or sound like the English we know today. The native English speakers nowadays would find it very difficult to understand Old English. But still, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English originate from Old English. Some fun words that are derived from Old english are: axode(asked), habbað (have), rihtlice (rightly), engla (angels), heofonum (heaven), swilcum (such), hu (how) and beon (be). Old English was spoken from 450 AD until around 1100 AD.

Middle English (1100-1500)

In 1066 AD William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (Normandy is part of modern France), invaded and then conquered England. The Normans spoke a dialect of Old French that is known as Anglo-Norman. This became the language of the Royal Court, the ruling classes and business classes. There was a sort of linguistic class division in this period. French was the language the upper classes spoke, and English was the language the lower classes spoke. But later in 1204 AD, King John lost the province of Normandy to the King of France. Because of this, the Norman nobles of England started to take more distance from the French Normans. England became the main concern of the Norman nobles. From 1349-1350 The black death killed around one-third of the English population. Because of these deaths the labouring classes grew in social and economical importance. Along with the rise of the importance of the labouring classes English became more important compared to Anglo-Norman as well. The nobility soon used a modified English as their native tongue. By 1362, the linguistic division between the nobility and the commoners was pretty much over.

In Britain English was the dominant language again,but many French words were added to the vocabulary. This mixture of languages is called Middle English. Middle English opposed to Old English, can be read, but it would still be difficult for modern English-speaking people. The Middle English period ended around 1500 AD with the rise of Modern English.

Early Modern English (1500-1800)

There were a few major factors that influenced Middle English and helped separate Middle and Modern English.

– The first major factor was the Great Vowel Shift. This was as sudden and big change in pronunciation that began around 1400 towards the end of the Middle English period. Vowels were being pronounced shorter and shorter. Modern English shifted into something that was more understandable for modern English speaking people.

– Another major factor was that since the 16th Century the British started to get in contact with many people from all around the world.These new contacts, and the Renaissance period of Classical learning, are the reasons that many new phrases and words were added to the language. English has been constantly adopting foreign words, especially from Latin and Greek.

– The last major factor that helped with the development of Modern English was the invention of printing. In 1476, William Caxton has brought the printing press to England in. Since then books became less expensive and literature that is written in English opposed to Latin, became more common. Now everything was printed in a common language, and that brought standardization to English. Most publishing houses were located in London so the dialect of London became the printing standard. Rules were made for spelling and grammar, and the first English dictionary was published in 1604.

Late Modern English (1800-Present)

The difference between early modern English and late modern English is mainly vocabulary. Grammar, pronunciation and spelling are mostly the same as before, but late modern English has a lot more words than early modern English. There are a few explanations for the huge expansion in words. In the first place, technology and the Industrial Revolution created the need for new words so people could describe the new creations and discoveries that were made.

For this, people created many words with Latin and Greek roots. For example, words like protein,nuclear,oxygen and vaccine did not exist before, but they were made with Greek and Latin influences. Not all the new words were created from classical roots though, English words that already existed were also combined for terms like typewriter, airplane and horsepower. Secondly, at one point one-quarter of the countries on earth belonged to the British Empire, and that’s why the English lanuage took over foreign words from many different countries.The britain empire was a maritime empire so phrases that were created onboard ships were a big influence on the english language. Finally, during the last half of the 20th century the military influence on the english language was significant. Before the Great War, both Britain and the United States had small, volunteer militaries. English military slang existed, but this barely had an impact on standard English. However, during the mid-20th century, a big number of British and American men joined the military. Because the military started to play a bigger role in a lot of people’s lives, military slang had a big impact on standard English. Military terms like landing strip, camouflage, spearhead, blockbuster, roadblock and nose dive started massively entering the standard English language.

Why did the English language become so important?

When England started trading, exploring and conquering lands, it took the language with it. The rise of the British Empire is one of the main reasons why English spread across the world. The British Empire was expanding dramatically,during the 1700s. European settlers quickly outnumbered the original population and so English was established as the dominant language in most colonies. By the late 19th century the empire’s reach was truly global and the language was also becoming global. Great Britain held colonies on every continent of the world and the trade language in those areas was English,which meant that knowing English was important. (!nog beetje eigen woorden)

After the British colonization of North America, English became the dominant language in the United States and in Canada. The growing cultural and economical influence of the US and its status as a global superpower since World War II have significantly increased the language’s spread across the world. Today, American English is predominantly influential, because of the USA’s dominance in television, popular music,cinema, trade and technology (including the Internet). Most website’s on the internet are in English. Popular American movies and tv programmes which people watch all over the world are in English. People listen to American music and English is the language mostly used for business. So the world has been exposed to english in many ways and that’s why most people know the english language and would like to study it.

Right now it has been stated by experts that around one-third of the world’s population has english as their native language and even more study English as a second language. A working knowledge of English has become a necessity in a number of area’s. It is the international language of communications, science, technology, business, medicine, aviation, maritime activities and many more. Because of that over a Billion people speak English to at least a basic level.

Incomplete information

Take LHS 
{tex}=\frac{\tan (x+y)}{\cot (x-y)}=\frac{\sin (x+y)}{\cos (x+y)} \frac{\sin (x-y)}{\cos (x-y)}{/tex} 
{tex}=\frac{\sin ^{2} x-\sin ^{2} y}{\cos ^{2} x-\sin ^{2} y}=R H S{/tex}