Examples of current assets include:

• Cash and cash equivalents: Treasury bills, certificates of deposit, and cash
• Marketable securities: Debt securities or equity that is liquid
• Accounts receivables: Money owed by customers to be paid in the short-term
• Inventory: Goods available for sale or raw materials

Examples of fixed assets include: 

• Vehicles (such as company trucks)
• Office furniture
• Machinery
• Buildings
• Land

Any valuable thing which has monetary value and owned by a business, is its asset. In other words, assets are the monetary values of the properties or the legal rights that are owned by the business organisations.

Fixed Assets− These are those assets that are hold for the long term and increase the profit earning capacity and productive capacity of the business. These assets are not meant for sale, for example, land, building machinery, etc.

Current Assets− Assets that can be easily converted into cash or cash equivalents are termed as current assets. These are required to run day to day business activities; for example, cash, debtors, stock, etc.

Seeding is given to some special teams or those teams which are winners/runners up of the last year’s tournament. In seeding, the strong teams are selected to keep them at appropriate places in the fixtures so that they should not meet in the earlier rounds.

Seeding method: there is always a possibility in knock-out tournament that strong teams may be paired with weak teams or all strong teams might have been grouped in upper half or lower half. Some strong teams have the possibility to be eliminated in the preliminary round. To avoid such a situation seeding method is used. In this method, the strong teams are selected to keep them at appropriate place in fixture.

Special seeding: in special seeding, the seeded players participate directly in quarter-final or semi-final. They need not wait for longer duration.

Example: If 20 participating in a table tennis tournament on knock-out basis, and four teams are to be kept in special seeding. Draw their fixtures.

Teams

Igneous rocks are defined as types of rocks that are formed when molten rock (rock liquefied by intense heat and pressure) cools to a solid-state.

Lava is molten rock flowing out of fissures or vents at volcanic centers (when cooled they form rocks such as basalt, rhyolite, or obsidian). Pyroclastic deposits are accumulations of fragmented material (e.g. ash, bombs, tuffs, and volcanic breccias) ejected during volcanic eruptions.

Types of Igneous Rock

Following are the two types of igneous rock:

1. Intrusive igneous rock: These rocks crystallize below the earth’s surface resulting in large crystals as the cooling takes place slowly. Diorite, granite, pegmatite are examples of intrusive igneous rocks.
2. Extrusive igneous rock: These rocks erupt onto the surface resulting in small crystals as the cooling takes place quickly. The cooling rate is for a few rocks is so quick that they form an amorphous glass. Basalt, tuff, pumice are examples of extrusive igneous rock.

Annual Growth Rate of Population refers to the rate at which the number of individuals in a given popular increase over a year, expressed as a fraction of the initial popular of the previous years.

Other important explanation:

Growth of population or population growth refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country during a specific period of time, say during the last ten years.
It can be expressed in two ways:

Absolute Numbers. It is obtained by simply subtracting the earlier population from the later population. It is referred to as the ‘absolute increase’.
Annual Growth Rate. When the rate or pace of population is studied in per cent per annum. If increase is 2 per cent, i.e., there was an increase of two persons for every 100 persons in the base population. This is referred to as the annual growth rate.

There are 36 matches in the fixture of 9 teams.

Explanation:

Using robin method cyclic method, the number of matches is given as:

μ = N(N - 1)/2

Where,

N = Number of teams

From question, the number of teams is 9.

On substituting the values, we get,

μ = 9(9 - 1)/2

μ = (9 × 8)/2

μ = 72/2

∴ μ = 36 matches

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A n s w e r:

By Herons formula,

Area of equilateral triangle=√3a²/4

Given,

a= 2cm

Therefore,

Area of the triangle

= (√3a²/4) cm²

= (√3 × 2²/4) cm²

= (4√3 /4) cm²

= √3 cm²

Gas: Matters which have indefinite shape and volume are called gases. For example - air, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon-dioxide, etc.

Properties of gas

• Gas has indefinite shape
• Gas has no fixed volume.
• Gas gets the shape and volume of container.
• Gas fills the container completely.
• Gas has very low density.
• Because of low density gas are light.
• Gas can flow easily and hence are called fluid.

A web server is software and hardware that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and other protocols to respond to client requests made over the World Wide Web. The main job of a web server is to display website content through storing, processing and delivering webpages to users.

Dry point sites: 
A dry point site is one that is slightly raised from the surrounding area, meaning that it is less likely to flood. 

Wet point sites: 
This refers to any site that has access to water, usually through being beside a river. Towns would either grow up along the river or clustered near the point at which the river enters the sea.

Linear Magnification = Height of the image / Height of the object =  -v/u

Areal Magnification = v² / u²

^{Other imp formulas:}

Snells law sin i / sin r = constant = Refractive index between two given medium

Refractive index of a medium, μ = c/v where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the speed in light in the medium

Lens Formula 1/f = 1/v – 1/u where, f = focal length of the lens, u = distance of object, v = distance of image.

Lens Maker’s formula 1/f=(μ – 1) (1/R1 – 1/R2) where, μ = refractive index of the material of the lens and R1 and R2 are radii of curvature of the lens

Two lenses are in contact with each other, then P = P₁ + P₂ where P, P₁, P₂ are the power of combination, power of lens 1 and power of lens 2 respectively.

Two lenses are separated by a distance d, then P = P₁ + P₂ –d P₁ P₂

Births, deaths and migration

• When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, population increases.
• When the death rate is more than the birth rate, population decreases. When the two rates are equal, the population remains constant.
• Thus, the birth and death rates affect the balance of population.

• Migration - The movement of people in and out of an area. Immigration has contributed to population, in developed countries, as people from developing countries move to these countries to seek better prospects.

The process of depositing a thin layer of any superior metal over an object of a cheaper metal, with the help of electric current is called electroplating.
For example; deposition of silver on brass or copper objects and that of copper, nickel, chromium etc., on objects made of iron is done by electroplating.

The experimental set up for electroplating copper on any object, such as a metallic spoon can be summarised here;

-The object to be electroplated, say iron spoon is made cathode(-ve electrode).

- A thin sheet of pure silver is made anode (+ve electrode).

-An acidified solution of silver cyanide(AgCN) is used as the electrolytic solution.

When electricity is passed through the solution, (AgCN), (Ag+) ions moves towards the anode and get reduced to silver metal. The silver metal gets electroplated on the object,i.e, metallic spoon.

The silver ions (Ag2/4+) moves towards
cathode. Here (Ag2/4+) ions do not get oxidised to Ag2+ ions. These silver ions (Ag2+) ions go into the solution. As a result of this reaction at the anode, concentration of (Ag2+) in the solution is maintained.

THE AGE OF SOCIAL CHANGE

The French Revolution opened up the possibility of creating a dramatic change in the way in which society was structured. Not everyone in Europe, however, wanted a complete transformation. Some were ‘conservatives’, while others were ‘liberals’ or ‘radicals’.

Liberals: Wanted a nation which tolerated all religions. They were against the uncontrolled power of the dynastic rulers.They wanted rights for individuals.They argued for an elected parliamentary government, subject to laws interpreted by a well trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials. They were not democrats because they did not believe in universal adult franchise.

Radicals: Wanted a nation in which government was based on the majority of a country’s population. They disliked concentration of property in hands of a few, not the existence of private property.

Conservatives: They resisted change. After the revolution they started accepting change provided it was slow and had links and respected the past.

Industries and Social Change : This was the time of economic and social change. It was also the beginning of the industrial revolution. Men, women and children were pushed into factories for low wages, Liberals and radicals who were factory owners felt that  efforts must be encouraged so that benefits of industrialization should be passed on to workers.

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<a href="https://mycbseguide.com/blog/socialism-in-europe-and-the-russian-revolution-class-9-notes-social-science/#:~:text=OCTOBER%20REVOLUTION,the%20city%20to%20summon%20troops." ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://mycbseguide.com/blog/socialism-in-europe-and-the-russian-revolution-class-9-notes-social-science/%23:~:text%3DOCTOBER%2520REVOLUTION,the%2520city%2520to%2520summon%2520troops.&ved=2ahUKEwjhqIrN4Z_sAhXM8HMBHRlrDugQFjABegQIBBAC" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution class 9 ...</a>