Input: Information and programs are entered into the computer through Input devices such as the keyboard, disks, or through other computers via network connections or modems connected to the Internet. The input device also retrieves information off disks.

Output: Output Devices displays information on the screen (monitor) or the printer and sends information to other computers. They also display messages about what errors may have occurred and brings up message or dialog box asking for more information to be input. The output device also saves information on the disk for future use.

Processing: The CPU or central processing unit is sometimes called the Control Unit and directs the operation of the input and output devices. The Coprocessor or the Arithmetic-Logic Unit does arithmetic and comparisons. The memory or RAM temporarily stores information (files and programs) while you are using or working on them. The BIOS or basic input/output system controls the dialogue between the various devices. Keyboard Layout and Data Entry

ENTER or RETURN – Moves the cursor down one line and to the left margin. Enter also process commands such as choosing an option in a dialog (message) boxes and submitting a form.

DEL or DELETE – Deletes the character at cursor and/or characters to the right of the cursor and all highlighted (or selected) text.

BKSP or BACKSPACE – Deletes the character to the left of cursor and all hightlighted text.

SPACE BAR – Moves the cursor one space at a time to the right SHIFT KEY – Use the shift keys to type capital letters and to type the upper character on keys with two characters on them

CAPS LOCK – Locks the keyboard so it types capital letters (a light goes on when caps lock is on)

TAB – Moves the cursor five spaces to the right (number of spaces are usually adjustable). Tab moves to the next field in a form or table (Shift-Tab for previous field).

ESC or ESCAPE - Cancels a menu or dialog box

ARROW KEYS – Moves the cursor around document without changing text FUNCTION KEYS or F KEYS – Access commands by themselves or in combination with the three command keys; CTRL, SHIFT, and ALT

The normal temperature of the testes In the ******* is about 2o−2.5o C lower than the internal body temperature. When the body is chilled, the smooth muscle contracts and brings the testes closer to the pelvic cavity. This movement towards the pelvic cavity allows the testes to absorb heat from the rest of the body so that the sperm cells do not become chilled and get optimum temperature for spermatogenesis.

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There is no electric field near a long, straight-thin uniform current-carrying conductor. Therefore, a charged particle moving parallel to the conductor experiences a magnetic force, as per the electrodynamics. The left hand Fleming rule came into existence through John Ambrose Fleming in the 19th Century. It was the simplest approach to understand the direction of the motion or the direction of the electric current. The left-hand rule of Fleming states that when we stretch the forefinger and middle finger of the left hand in a manner that they are mutually perpendicular to each other. 

Now, if the forefinger is taken as the direction of the current and the middle finger towards the magnetic field then the thumb points towards the motion of the conductor or the force. It is one of the rules of electricity. The reason being when a current-carrying the conductor comes under the magnetic field there is likely to be a force acting on the conductor. With the help of Fleming's left-hand rule, the director of the force can be determined. 

Usage of The Rule

Generally, Fleming's left-hand rule is used for electric motors. On the other hand, for electric generator the right-hand rule is applicable. The reason why the left-hand rule of Fleming is used in the electric motor because in the electric motor there is the presence of magnetic field and electric current which leads to the force that enables creating the motion. This can be referred to as the effect. Hence, the left-hand rule is used. It thus gives us the direction of the force that works on the current if well aware of the magnetic field. 

There is a need for different hands for motors and generators because there is a certain amount of difference between the effect and the cause. To elaborate that, the magnetic field and the electric current creates the force which results in motion and that is why the left hand is used. While the motion and the magnetic field exist in the electric generator and they create the current which is why the right hand is used. The physical basis for the rules that are to be remembered is that the electrons flow in the same direction from where they generate a cylindrical magnetic field that encircles around the conductor. 

An entrepreneur is an individual who creates a new business, bearing most of the risks and enjoying most of the rewards. The entrepreneur is commonly seen as an innovator, a source of new ideas, goods, services, and business/or procedures.

Ex 8.1 Class 8 Maths Question 1.
Find the ratio of the following:
(a) speed of a cycle 15 km per hour to the speed of scooter 30 km per hour.
(b) 5 m to 10 km
(c) 50 paise to ₹ 5
Solution:
(a) Speed of cycle : Speed of Scooter = 15 km per hour : 30 km per hour
= 1530 = 12
Hence, the ratio = 1 : 2
(b) 5 m to 10 km
= 5 m : 10 × 1000 m [∵ 1 km = 1000 m]
= 5 m : 10000 m
= 1 : 2000
Hence, the ratio = 1 : 2000
(c) 50 paise to ₹ 5
= 50 paise : 5 × 100 paise
= 50 paise : 500 paise
ratio = 1 : 10

Ex 8.1 Class 8 Maths Question 2.
Convert the following ratios to percentages:
(a) 3 : 4
(b) 2 : 3
Solution:

Ex 8.1 Class 8 Maths Question 3.
72% of 25 students are good in mathematics. How many are not good in mathematics?
Solution:
Number of students who are good in mathematics = 72% of 25

Number of students who are not good in mathematics = 25 – 18 = 7

For more click on the given links:

• <a href="http://mycbseguide.com/blog/ncert-solutions-class-8-maths-exercise-8-1/">Comparing Quantities Exercise 8.1</a>
• <a href="http://mycbseguide.com/blog/ncert-solutions-class-8-maths-exercise-8-2/">Comparing Quantities Exercise 8.2</a>
• <a href="http://mycbseguide.com/blog/ncert-solutions-class-8-maths-exercise-8-3/">Comparing Quantities Exercise 8.3</a>

Reserves are the subset of the stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technical ‘know-how’ but their use has not been started. These can be used for meeting future requirements. River water can be used for generating hydroelectric power but presently, it is being utilised only to a limited extent. Thus, the water in the dams, forests etc. is a reserve which can be used in the future. ‘

It is essential to have resource planning because of the following reasons:

1. It helps to identify the various resources present in different regions of the country.
2. It helps in the conservation of various non-renewable/extinguishable resources.
3. It helps in reducing wastage of resources.
4. It helps in equal distribution of resources among the regions that have acute shortage of it.
5. It helps in keeping track of remaining resources.
6. It helps to take care of future generations.

Thus, resource planning is necessary for sustaining quality of life and global peace.

Humans are unable to digest cellulose because the appropriate enzymes to breakdown the beta acetal linkages are lacking. ... They have the required enzymes for the breakdown or hydrolysis of the cellulose; the animals do not, not even termites, have the correct enzymes. No vertebrate can digest cellulose directly.

Economic growth depends on which of the following?
(a) Size of the population of the country
(b) Territory or area of the country
(c) Global scenario
(d) Co-operation among various nations

Answer
Answer: d

 Formatting refers to the editing or modification of the content or text in a document, presentation , spreadsheet etc.

 IMPORTANCE OF FORMATTING:

 Makes a document attractive and interesting to read.

Sexually transmitted diseases by virus:

Genital Herpes is caused by herpes simplex virus and AIDS is caused by HIV.

Sexually transmitted diseases by bacteria:

Gonorrhoea is caused by Nisseria gonorrhoeae and Syphilis is caused by Trepanoma pallidum

Prevention of transmission of STD's:

i. Having *** with infected or any unknown person should be avoided.

ii. Sharing of needles, syringes etc. must be prohibited.

iii. The surgical and dental instruments should be sterilized properly before use.

iv. Avoid blood transfusion from infected person. Blood should be tested before transfusion.

v. Adequate medical treatment should be provided to the pregnant woman to protect the child from getting infected.

1)’ Placenta is a tissue formed by the cells from the embryo and the mother.
2) It is formed at around 12 weeks of pregnancy and becomes an important structure
for nourishment of the embryo. ’
3) Placenta is a disc which is embedded in the uterine wall. It contains villi on the embryo’s side of the tissue.
4) On the mother’s side are blood spaces, '
5) This provides a large surface area for diffusion of glucose, oxygen and other nutrients from the mother of the embryo.

Example: Order letter

You are Sakshi/Saksham, Hostel Warden, Radha Krishna Public School, Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh. Write a letter to the Sales Manager, Bharat Electronics and Domestic Appliances Ltd., New Delhi, placing an order for fans microwaves, ovens and geysers that you wish to purchase for the hostel. Also ask for discount permissible on the purchase.
Answer:
Radha Krishna Public School
Vrindavan
Uttar Pradesh XXXXX
18 May 20XX
The Sales Manager
Bharat Electronics and Domestic Appliances Ltd.
New Delhi 1100XX

Dear Sir
Subject: Placement of order for electronics We are happy to place the order for the following items. Kindly send the following items at the above. address through transport carefully.

All the items should be in good condition, well bound and packed properly. The items must be delivered by the end of the month of the issue of this letter. Any damage during transportation would be your responsibility. As in the past also, we have never been given any opportunity to complain and the goods have always reached as well on time, and in excellent condition as per our specifications. We do expect the same delivery this time as well. Kindly offer us a suitable discount as has been the practice all these years.

Yours faithfully
Saksham
Hostel Warden

Draw a ray diagram to show the path of light when it travels through glass slab.

Answer

Incident ray I enters the glass slab forms an angle of incidence ‘i’. Its bends towards the normal and forms an angle of refraction ‘r’. 

The emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray.