In time Vijayanagar became the greatest empire of southern India. By serving as a barrier against invasion by the Muslim sultanates of the north, it fostered the reconstruction of Hindu life and administration after the disorders and disunities of the 12th and 13th centuries. Hampi is famous for its ruins belonging to the erstwhile medieval Hindu kingdom of Vijaynagar and it is declared a World Heritage site. The temples of Hampi, its monolithic sculptures and monuments, attract the traveler because of their excellent workmanship.

Ashoka's fame is largely due to his pillar and rock edicts, which allowed him to reach a wide audience and left a lasting historical record. He is remembered as a model ruler, controlling a vast and diverse Mauryan empire through peace and respect, with dharma at the centre of his ideology. The Sri Lankan tradition adds that during his 6th regnal year, Ashoka's son Mahinda became a Buddhist monk, and his daughter became a Buddhist nun. A story in Divyavadana attributes Ashoka's conversion to the Buddhist monk Samudra, who was an ex-merchant from Shravasti.

Agriculture was the main occupation of the Indus Valley people. Crops such as wheat, barley, peas and bananas were raised. In the olden days, there was enough rain in that region and occasional floods brought a great deal of fertile soil to the area. Apart from trade and industry, agriculture was the main occupation of the Indus people. The Indus people were a civilization that was built on the practice of trade with other civilizations of the day. Farmers brought food into the cities. City workers made such things as pots, beads and cotton cloth.

West Germany formally joined NATO on May 5, 1955, and the Warsaw Pact was signed less than two weeks later, on May 14. Joining the USSR in the alliance were Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Hungary, Poland and Romania. After World War II, it formed the Warsaw Pact, a military alliance of European communist states meant to counter NATO.

The reason japan should not have been bombed is because many civilian lives were taken who had nothing to do with the war. The U.S. dropping the bomb on japan killed many people and left their land in shambles. 

REASONS AGAINST THE ATOMIC BOMBING OF JAPAN

• It was inhumane.
• It caused too much destruction.
• It killed too many innocent people, including children.
• It was unnecessary as Japan was essentially defeated.
• Japan was seeking surrender.
• It was not universally supported in the United States.
• The United States could have done something else.

Franz was shocked when M. Hamel told the students about the order from Berlin and that it was their last French lesson. ... He realised with pain how much French meant to him and regretted not being attentive in his classes earlier. Suddenly, he felt that the 'difficult concepts' had never actually been difficult. He immediately felt sorry for not being sincere in the school and for not learning the French language and other lessons properly. His books, which seemed a nuisance and a burden earlier to him, were now his old friends. The school also became very important for him.

Two developments strained this relationship. China annexed Tibet in 1950 and thus removed a historical buffer between the two countries. Initially, the government of India did not oppose this openly. But as more information came in about the suppression of Tibetan culture, the Indian government grew uneasy. A CIA map of Kashmir with red circles marking the rough locations of the conflicts near the Galwan Valley (top), the Hot Springs checkpoint (middle), and Pangong Tso (bottom). The 2020 China–India skirmishes are part of an ongoing military standoff between China and India.

The process of money creation by the commercial banks starts as soon as people deposit money in their respective bank accounts. ... The remaining portion left after maintaining cash reserves of the total deposits is then lend by the commercial bank to the general public in form of credit, loans and advances. The money creation process is the movement of reserves from bank to bank, with each bank using excess reserves to make loans (and checkable deposits), then keeping a fraction of the reserves to back up newly created deposits.

(a) The motives of the smaller states was to get promise of protection, weapons and economic aid against their local rivals, mostly regional neighbours.
(b) The entire world was divided into two camps or two alliance system i.e., the Western and the Eastern alliance. These are called the ‘Western’ and the ‘Eastern’ because the western Europe sided with the US and the eastern Europe sided with Soviet Union.

Gandhi wanted to obtain more complete information about conditions than Shukla was capable of imparting.From Calcutta both, Gandhi and Rajkumar Shukla reached the city of Patna. He led Gandhi to the house of a lawyer, Rajendra Prasad . He was out of town. His servants knew Shukla as a poor sharecropper from Champaran who troubled Prasad to take up the cause of indigo.

Economic infrastructure refers to the facilities, activities and services which support operation and development of other sectors of the economy. These facilities, activities and services help in increasing the overall productivity of the economy. Infrastructure development such as transport improves productivity significantly. ... association between infrastructure and GDP growth is observed in many studies. These studies have indicated that 1 per cent growth in the infrastructure stock is associated with 1 per cent growth in per capita GDP. Natural resources are essential inputs for production in many sectors, while production and consumption also lead to pollution and other pressures on the environment. Poor environmental quality in turn affects economic growth and wellbeing by lowering the quantity and quality of resources or due to health impacts, etc.

Reproduction is a biological process wherein younger ones produced are identical to their parents. This phenomenon is significant in the continuity of the species, generation after generations. Typically, reproduction is observed in all living organisms from single-celled entities such as amoeba to multicellular entities of the most advanced forms such as human beings. Reproduction is carried out in two modes depending upon the participation of one or both parents.

Objectives of a Government Budget. Briefly put, promoting rapid and balanced economic development with equality and social justice has been the general objective of all our policies and plans. General objectives of a government budget are as under:
(i)    Economic growth. To promote rapid and balanced economic growth so as to improve living standard of the people. Economic growth implies increasing capacity of the economy to produce more goods and services. Public welfare is the main guide.
(ii)    Reduction of Poverty and Unemployment. To eradicate mass poverty and unemployment by creating maximum employment opportunities and providing maximum social benefits to the poor. Social welfare is the single most objective of the government. Every Indian should be able to meet his basic needs like food, clothing, housing along with decent health care and educational facilities.
(iii)    Reallocation of Resources. (A 2010, D 2011) To reallocate resources in line with social and economic objectives, government has to allocate resources into areas where private sector is not coming, e.g., sanitation, water supply, rural development, education, health, etc. Moreover, government provides more funds to productive sectors and draws away resources from some other sectors to promote balanced economic growth of different regions.

(iv)    Reduction of inequalities/Redistribution of income. To reduce inequalities of income and wealth government can influence distribution of income through levying taxes on the rich and granting subsidies to poor. Government uses progressive taxation policy, i.e., high rate of tax on rich people and lower rate on lower income group. Government provides subsidies and amentities to people whose income level is low. More, emphasis is laid on equitable distribution of wealth and income. Economic progress in itself is not a sufficient goal but goal must be equitable progress.

(v)    Price Stability/Economic stability. Government can bring economic stability i.e. can control fluctuations in general price level through taxes, subsidies and expenditure. For instance when there is inflation (continuous rise in prices), govt. can reduce its expenditure and when there is depression characterised by following output and prices, govt. can reduce taxes and grant subsidies to encourage spending by people.

The creation of NIEO (National International and Economic Order) and NAM (Non-Alignment Movement) were two major challenges to the bipolarity that emerge during cold war era in 20th century.

Explanation:

• Bipolarity is a world order where two states have sphere of influence over the political, social, cultural and military power of the world.
• It emerged during the late 20th century when world divided between the two poles of USA and USSR.
• NIEO was proposed during 1970s by group of developing countries on the platform of UN in order to promote trade and commerce globally.
• NIEO aims for trade and commerce by increasing the availability of funds to developing countries and promoting reduction of tariff by developed countries.
• NAM is a political platform formed it 1960 where the countries aligned their goals initially to not favour any superpower bloc i.e. USA and USSR
• It was asserted by third world countries with active role of India under the leadership of Pt. Nehru.

Defamation is punishable in a civil court as a tort, a civil wrong punishable in damages. It is also punishable as a criminal offence, under Sections 499 and 500 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) of 1860, punishable by a magistrate with imprisonment or a fine or both. Under the American federal law system, defamation claims are largely governed by state law, subject to the limitations imposed by the free speech and press provisions of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution as interpreted and applied by the Supreme Court and other courts.

Money supply: The volume of money held by the public at a point of time, in an economy, is referred to as the money supply. Money supply is a stock concept.