Sulh-i-Kul is an Arabic term literally meaning universal peace. Akbar had this policy during his reign. It described a peaceful and harmonious relationship among different religions. It formed the basis for Akbar's policy of religious toleration. Sulh- i-kul was to become his method of judging what was legally right or wrong within his empire and was created because Akbar understood that he was trying to build political institutions for predominately non-Muslim society. ... In the civil courts Akbar abolished laws that discriminated against non-Muslims.

By the eleventh century, Sufism evolved into a well developed movement in the following ways: It developed a body of literature on Quranic studies and Sufi practices. The Sufis began to organise communities around the hospice or Khanqah and it was controlled by a teaching master known as Shaikh, Pir or Murshid.

Rajeev Kinra's Writing Self, Writing Empire is a window into the life and writings of Chandar Bhan Brahman, a skilled Farsi poet and a munshi who served in the Mughal court under emperors Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb. The Mughal (or Mogul) Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries. It consolidated Islam in South Asia, and spread Muslim (and particularly Persian) arts and culture as well as the faith.

n reference to the article Nation mourns Sheikh Mubarak (February 25), Sheikh Mubarak was one of the architects of this country. He was a founder, along with the other founders of the union, and a man with a heart of gold. I've had the privilege, honour and blessing to have met this man. During my visit to Sheikh Nahyan's palace during my academic days to my own personal visits (years later) during Eid and other occasions, Sheikh Mubarak was an important part of the visits. His positive and kind welcoming of guests, even in his old age, was a testament to his love of country, its traditions and values. Even seeing him with Sheikh Nahyan in the middle of the city and greeting him, I saw how he was concerned for the common man. It was indeed humbling. We are indeed lucky to have his sons with us. Sheikh Mubarak was not only a sheikh of the Royal Family, he was a sheikh of the people, and he will be sorely missed. May Allah bless him. Mohamed al Junaibi, Dubai

The name Amara is a girl's name of Italian, Greek, African origin meaning "grace or bitter". Amara is the Italian word for bitter, from the same root as Mary and Miriam. It has separate roots in West Africa as a name that means “grace” in the Igbo language. Amara was the 193rd most popular girls name and 5737th most popular boys name. In 2018 there were 1,564 baby girls and only 15 baby boys named Amara. 1 out of every 1,180 baby girls and 1 out of every 128,591 baby boys born in 2018 are named Amara.

Respondents may not be fully aware of their reasons for any given answer because of lack of memory on the subject, or even boredom. Surveys with closed-ended questions may have a lower validity rate than other question types. Data errors due to question non-responses may exist. Surveys allow you to reach thousands of possible participants if necessary, which ensures a more accurate sample in which to draw conclusions. The anonymity of surveys allows people to feel more candid with their responses. To get accurate data, you need your participants to be as honest as possible with their answers.

International human rights law lays down obligations which States are bound to respect. ... The obligation to protect requires States to protect individuals and groups against human rights abuses. The obligation to fulfil means that States must take positive action to facilitate the enjoyment of basic human rights. In order to give the human rights listed in the UDHR the force of law, the United Nations drafted two covenants, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).

The commission of enquiry decided to make refunds to the peasants.Gandhi asked for 50%. But the representative of planters offered to refund to the extent of 25%. In order to break the deadlock, Gandhiji agreed to 25 percent refund to the farmers.
For Gandhi, it was not the money but the principles that were of utmost importance. In his belief, the submission of British landlords was more significant than the percentage of refund. He wanted the poor farmers to realise that they too had rights and that they need not really live in fear of the British landlords.
The conflict between the British planters and the peasants changed the plight of the peasants. Within a few years, after the settlement, the British planters abandoned their estates and returned them to the peasants for goods. Thus, indigo sharecropping disappeared.

"Gandhi used the term 'development' in a very broad sense to mean the total development of society" (Roy and Tisdell in Gandhi's Concept of Development;Economic Development & Environment:a case study of India) that include mental, spiritual, and material needs. The word 'development' is widely used to refer to a specified state of advancement or growth. It could also be used to describe a new and advanced idea or product; or an event that constitutes a new stage under changing circumstances. Generally, the term development describes good change.

 (i) Most abrupt, unplanned and tragic transfer of population that human history has known. There were killings and atrocities on both sides of the border. Cities like Amritsar and Kolkata divided into communal zones. People were forced to abandon their homes and move across borders, they went through immense sufferings.
 (ii) Thousands of women were abducted on both sides of the border, they were forced to change the religion and were forced into marriage. Many children were separated from their parents.
 (iii) The Partition was a division of properties, liabilities and assets as well as a political division of the country and the administrative apparatus. 

The main considerations for bringing princely states with Indian Union were as follows:

1. To shape India as a nation. India is a land of continental size. Hence, the first and the foremost consideration was the political unification and integration of the territory.
2. The people of most of the princely states wanted to become a part of the Indian Union.
3. The government was prepared to accommodate plurality and adopt a flexible approach in dealing with the demands of the regions.
4. Another consideration was the concern towards the integration and consolidation of the territorial boundaries of the Indian nation.

During periods of growth, output rises, increasing the demand for labor and thereby decreasing the unemployment rate. Likewise, during periods of contraction, output declines, meaning companies need to lay off employees, which obviously increases the unemployment rate. Low unemployment means the proportion of jobs available is relatively high compared to the number of workers competing for those positions. Because fewer people are looking for work, employers have to offer higher wages to entice people to work for them, meaning incomes go up.

Multiplier is a double-edged weapon. It works in the backward direction as much as in the forward direction. The process of income propagation through multiplier does not work in the forward direction only. ... The higher the MPC, the greater the value of the multiplier and greater the cumulative decline in income. In economics, a multiplier broadly refers to an economic factor that, when increased or changed, causes increases or changes in many other related economic variables. In terms of gross domestic product, the multiplier effect causes gains in total output to be greater than the change in spending that caused it.

In centralization, the higher positions of the management hold the decision-making authority. Further, in decentralization, the management disperses the decision-making authority across the organization and brings it closer to the source of action and information. Network Centralisation is a way to improve efficiency through taking advantage of possible economies of scale. Decentralisation is a way to expand speed and flexibility by rearranging the networks to increase local power and implementation of a service.