This period also witnessed tensions in the relationship between the Parliament and the Judiciary. The major conflicts between the Parliament and Judiciary during the leadership of Indira Gandhi were :

On the issue of Fundamental Right and right to property, the Supreme Court denied the amendment to Constitution. While on the issue of Fundamental Right giving effect to Directive principles, Parliament amended the Constitution, but later Supreme Court rejected it.

Court gave a decision that there are some basic features of the Constitution and the Parliament cannot amend these basic features. This created tension between parliament and jucidiary.

Tension between judiciary and executive further expanded, when a vacancy arose of the post of Chief Justice of India. As per the constitutional rule, senior-most judge of the Supreme Court should be appointed as Chief Justice of India in case of vacancy. But in 1973 government ignored the seniority of three judges and appointed Ajit Nath Ray as Chief Justice of India.

Appointment became a topic of tension. Government’s decision was questioned by the three judges who were superseded.

People were talking about the need of a judiciary and bureaucracy which would be committed to the plan of executive and legislature. Highest point in controversy came when High Court declared Indira Gandhi’s election invalid.

This period also witnessed tensions in the relationship between the Parliament and the Judiciary. The major conflicts between the Parliament and Judiciary during the leadership of Indira Gandhi were :

1. On the issue of Fundamental Right and right to property, the Supreme Court denied the amendment to Constitution. While on the issue of Fundamental Right giving effect to Directive principles, Parliament amended the Constitution, but later Supreme Court rejected it.
2. Court gave a decision that there are some basic features of the Constitution and the Parliament cannot amend these basic features. This created tension between parliament and jucidiary.
3. Tension between judiciary and executive further expanded, when a vacancy arose of the post of Chief Justice of India. As per the constitutional rule, senior-most judge of the Supreme Court should be appointed as Chief Justice of India in case of vacancy. But in 1973 government ignored the seniority of three judges and appointed Ajit Nath Ray as Chief Justice of India.
4. Appointment became a topic of tension. Government’s decision was questioned by the three judges who were superseded.
   People were talking about the need of a judiciary and bureaucracy which would be committed to the plan of executive and legislature. Highest point in controversy came when High Court declared Indira Gandhi’s election invalid.

Aldehydes having αhydrogen undergo self condersation on warming with dilute or mild base to give p-hydroxy aldahydes called aldols. This reaction is called aldol condersation

Sodium potassium tartrate is a double salt of tartaric acid with a chemical formula C₄H₄O₆KNa·4H₂O. It is also known as Rochelle salt or Potassium sodium tartrate.

It is a colourless to white crystalline powder with a cool and saline taste. It has a pH value of 6.5 – 8.5. It has a large piezometric effect which makes it widely useful in sensitive vibrational and acoustic devices.

Sea stars are important members of the marine environment and are considered a keystone species. A keystone species preys on animals that have no other natural predators and if they are removed from the environment, their prey will increase in number and may drive out other species. As an echinoderm, a starfish has amazing powers of regeneration. One of his best defenses against predators is his ability to drop off an arm that's grasped in a predator's mouth. Assuming the predator doesn't bite off the arm, the starfish can intentionally separate it from his body to aid his escape.

Fehling’s solution is a deep blue alkaline solution which is used to identify the presence of aldehydes or groups that contain any aldehyde functional group -CHO and in addition with Tollen’s reagent to differentiate between reducing and non-reducing sugars. Fehling’s solution is also used to differentiate a ketone group and water-soluble carbohydrates.

(i) The working of optical fiber is based on total internal reflection.  Statement: When a light ray goes from denser to rarer medium at an angle greater than critical angle, the ray is totally reflected in first (denser) medium. This phenomenon is called total internal reflection. 

(ii) Conditions:  (a) Ray of light must go from denser medium to rarer medium.  (b) Angle of incdience must be greater than critical angle (i.e.,i > C).v

His personality: The rattrap peddler was a poor man who lived the life of a vagabond. He had a great imagination. He wore rags, his cheeks were sunken and hunger gleamed in his eyes. His livelihood: He went round selling self-made small rattraps of wire. This wire, he got by begging. He had some human weaknesses like thievery and begging to fulfil his basic needs. Devoid of any sheltering place, he spent his nights wherever he found shelter. His philosophy: He feels that the world is just like a big rat trap. It exists only for the purpose of setting baits for people. According to him, all the riches, joys, food, clothing and shelter are just baits. If and when, anyone touches the bait, the rattrap closes on him. Then everything comes to an end. His inner goodness: Influenced by Edla’s good behaviour, he repents over his misdeed and returns the money stolen by him. उसका व्यक्तित्व: चूहेदान फेरीवाला (बेचने वाला) एक गरीब आदमी था जो एक घुमंतू का जीवन जीता था। उसकी कल्पनाशक्ति तीव्र थी। वह फटे हुऐ कपड़े पहनता था, उसके गाल धंसे थे और भूख उसकी आँखों में झलकती थी। उसकी जीविका: वह स्वयं के द्वारा बनाये तार के चूहेदान बेचता था। यह तार, वह भीख माँगकर प्राप्त करता था। उसमें कुछ मानवीय कमियाँ थीं, जैसे चोरी करना और भीख माँगना जिनसे वह अपनी आवश्यक जरूरतें पूरी करता था। उसके पास रहने का कोई स्थान नहीं था इसलिए वह जहाँ आश्रय मिले वहाँ रात्रि गुजार लेता था। उसकी दार्शनिकता: वह महसूस करता है कि दुनिया बिल्कुल एक बड़े चूहेदान के समान है, इसका अस्तित्वं मात्र लोगों के सामने चारा फेंकने के लिए है। उसके अनुसार धन-सम्पत्ति, आनन्द, भोजन, वस्त्र और शरण (रहने के स्थान), सभी केवल प्रलोभन हैं (लालच हैं)। जब यदि कोई इस चारे (लालच) को छूता है, वह संसार रूपी चूहेदान में फँस जाता है। और तब सब कुछ समाप्त हो जाता है। उसके अन्दर की अच्छाई: एडला के अच्छे व्यवहार से प्रभावित होकर वह अपने कुकृत्य का पश्चाताप करता है और अपना चुराया हुआ पैसा लौटा देता है

It should be noted that AC (Alternating and DC (Direct Current ) are two types of the same form of energy i.e electric

current.

The only major difference between these two is the polarity, DC

has fixed polarity (poles remain as they are, all throughout) and AC has shifting poles whose polarity changes alternatively

in a continuous manner.

Because of this vibrative nature of AC, it constitutes of an additional

element called frequency which gives indicates the magnitude of

the discussed vibration.

This is why same voltage reading is expressed differently in both, for e.g. DC: 220 V and AC: 220 V, 50 Hz

Classical economics emphasizes the fact that free markets lead to an efficient outcome and are self-regulating. In macroeconomics, classical economics assumes the long-run aggregate supply curve is inelastic; therefore any deviation from full employment will only be temporary. The central idea of classical economics is that free markets are self-regulating.