The Congress Parliamentary Board met on July 11, 1969, to discuss the presidential candidate. The Syndicate had already decided on nominating Sanjiva Reddy, whose affinity to them was well known. Mrs Gandhi was naturally loath to do so. At the meeting, she suggested nominating the veteran dalit leader, Jagjivan Ram. When this was shot down, she asked that they postpone a decision to allow more time for arriving at a consensus. Nijalingappa, however, forced a vote in the six-member Parliamentary Board. Mrs Gandhi was outvoted four to two.

Even as a brooding Indira Gandhi left for Bangalore, a fresh opening presented itself. The Vice-President V V Giri announced that he would contest the presidential elections as an independent candidate. Mrs Gandhi knew that before she could support Giri against her own party's nominee, she would have to regain the initiative within the party. This she did first by forcing Morarji Desai out of the Cabinet and then by nationalizing banks. She also went ahead and filed the nomination for Sanjiva Reddy, though she refrained from issuing a whip to Congress MPs.

The Syndicate realized that Mrs Gandhi might yet come out in support of Giri. Nijalingappa took a fatal misstep by approaching the main opposition parties, Swatantra and Jana Sangh, to cast their second preference vote for Reddy (the opposition's candidate was C D Deshmukh). Mrs Gandhi seized the opportunity to denounce Nijalingappa's move. Yet, she did not formally reveal her preference until the night before the elections, when she called on her party to 'vote according to conscience'.

V V Giri won the poll by a narrow margin. The voting figures showed that a majority of Congress members had actually voted for Reddy. Giri had edged through with a minority of Congress votes and support from a curious combination of opposition groups.

The Congress Parliamentary Board met on July 11, 1969, to discuss the presidential candidate. The Syndicate had already decided on nominating Sanjiva Reddy, whose affinity to them was well known. Mrs Gandhi was naturally loath to do so. At the meeting, she suggested nominating the veteran dalit leader, Jagjivan Ram. When this was shot down, she asked that they postpone a decision to allow more time for arriving at a consensus. Nijalingappa, however, forced a vote in the six-member Parliamentary Board. Mrs Gandhi was outvoted four to two.

Even as a brooding Indira Gandhi left for Bangalore, a fresh opening presented itself. The Vice-President V V Giri announced that he would contest the presidential elections as an independent candidate. Mrs Gandhi knew that before she could support Giri against her own party's nominee, she would have to regain the initiative within the party. This she did first by forcing Morarji Desai out of the Cabinet and then by nationalizing banks. She also went ahead and filed the nomination for Sanjiva Reddy, though she refrained from issuing a whip to Congress MPs.

The Syndicate realized that Mrs Gandhi might yet come out in support of Giri. Nijalingappa took a fatal misstep by approaching the main opposition parties, Swatantra and Jana Sangh, to cast their second preference vote for Reddy (the opposition's candidate was C D Deshmukh). Mrs Gandhi seized the opportunity to denounce Nijalingappa's move. Yet, she did not formally reveal her preference until the night before the elections, when she called on her party to 'vote according to conscience'.

V V Giri won the poll by a narrow margin. The voting figures showed that a majority of Congress members had actually voted for Reddy. Giri had edged through with a minority of Congress votes and support from a curious combination of opposition groups.

ANSWER: B. Of lanthanoid contraction
This is because of poor screening effect by 4f electrons,which lead to the lanthanoid contraction.Hence,is the reason of Zn and Hf have almost equal atomic size.

B. Hell Vohlard Zelinsky reaction

 Hell Volhard Zelinsky (HVZ) reaction:
This reaction involves alpha bromination of carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids react with chlorine or bromine in presence of small amount of red phosphorous to give alpha halo carboxylic acids.

Triethyl amine (C₂H₅)₃N is tertiary amine

Purines are compounds that contain a six- membered ring that has nitrogen in it as well. This ring is further fused with an imidazole ring. Thus, purines are structures that have two rings. Purines that are found in the nucleic acids are Adenine (A) and Guanine (G).

Vacancy and Schottky defect which lead to decrease the density both are the types of a stoichiometric defect. In case of Frenkel defect and interstitial defect, there is no change in density of substance.

ANSWER : B. Schottky defect

Vacancy and Schottky defect which lead to decrease the density both are the types of a stoichiometric defect. In case of Frenkel defect and interstitial defect, there is no change in density of substance.

Gross investment is the total addition made to the capital stock of an economy over a given period of time whereas net investment is the actual addition made to the capital stock of an economy. The only difference between gross and net investment is the depreciation of capital assets that happens over a period of time. Gross investment consists of depreciation whereas net investment does not include depreciation. Hence, if depreciation is deducted from gross investment it can be equal to net investment.

Lateral inversion is the effect produced by a plane mirror in reversing images from left to right. This is the reason why ambulance is written laterally inverted so that its image is aligned properly.

The borders that we see around us are all man made. These borders turn some countries into enemies against one another. However, humanity knows no bounds of any such divisions. Dr. Sadao Hoki was in no sense less patriotic that any other Japanese. He loved his country and hated his enemies as much as other citizens of Japan but his sensitivity towards other human beings led him to operate upon the American prisoner of war. Being a skilled doctor by profession, he just could not manage to see a patient die in front of him. The sense of humanity overpowered him and made him to save the life of his 'enemy'. The story, therefore, exemplifies that human goodness surpasses all other factors.

A language of a country is the identity of that nation. M.Hamel, in his last lesson, tells his students about the beauty of their language, French, which is now being replaced by German because of the orders that have come from Berlin. He says that it is the most beautiful language in the world. He describes it as the clearest and the most logical of all the languages. The teacher elaborates the beauty of his county's language. He says that during colonial rule when the colonial power tries to enforce political and cultural dominance by imposing their own language if the natives are attached to their native language, their identity remains intact. They could say to have the key to their prison as long as they are holding fast with their language. These words of Mr. Hamel creates a sense of reverence in the hearts of the village elders, who have come to thank him for his forty years of faithful service, for their language and regretted not paying sincere attention towards it.

Hanna nursed the man herself. When he was getting ready to face some fearful eventuality she told him not to be afraid of anything. Then she knelt and fed him gently from the porcelain spoon. She also told him that he would be soon strong.

Charley goes down the steps to the first level. Then he walks down the second level. The suburban trains leave from there. Then he finds himself on the third level. He was convinced that he had reached the third level at Grand Central Station. He found it a different world of gas lights, brass spittoons, derby hats, beards, side bums and fancy moustaches.

Charley goes down the steps to the first level. Then he walks down the second level. The suburban trains leave from there. Then he finds himself on the third level. He was convinced that he had reached the third level at Grand Central Station. He found it a different world of gas lights, brass spittoons, derby hats, beards, side bums and fancy moustaches.

In this lesson Roosevelt says “All we have to fear is fear itself.” Douglas has experienced both the sensation of dying and terror that fear of it can produce. The strong will, hard determination, courage and toil as well as honest labour win over all our terror and fears. The will to live brushes aside all our fears. In reality all our terrors and fears are psychological and the same can be won over.

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The significance of the title, 'My Mother at Sixty Six' is that the author is noticing how old and worn out her mother is by life, and is fearful that she might not meet her mother again even though she does not dare to voice it

The concept of 'Fund Based Accounting' refers to the accounting whereby receipts and income relating to a particular fund are credited to that fund any payments and expenses are debited to it. Credit balance of te Fund Account is show on the liabilities side of the Balance Sheet.

League Tournament. In this type of tournament, each team plays with every other team once, if it is a single league tournament. If it is a double league tournament, each team plays with every other team twice. In these types of tournament, every team plays with every other team without any consideration of victory or defeat.
Fixtures of 6 teams: 
Total number of teams = 6
Total number of matches -(N-1) 6(6-1) =-2-=-2-
6(5) 30 -=- = 15 matches 2 2 .
Number of rounds = N - 1 = 6 - 1 = 5 rounds.
Fixtures I R II R IIIR IV R V R 16 CD/ 5 CDI /4 CDI/3 CDI12 CD 45 213 4 3 6 2 263 5 2 6 4 5 6 5 4, 3

The idea of satyagraha basically emphasised the power of truth and the demand to search for truth. It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then the physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without asking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through nonviolence. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor. The common people – including the oppressors – had to be persuaded to see the truth, rather than being forced to accept truth with the help of violence. By this huge and great struggle, the truth was bound to ultimately triumph. Mahatma Gandhi had s strong that this dharma of non-violence could unite all Indians.

Gandhiji’s Satyagrah movements

• After returning to India, Mahatma Gandhi successfully organised satyagraha movements in a number of places.
• In the year 1917, he travelled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system.
• Later in the year 1917, he organised another satyagraha movement to support the peasants of the Kheda district of Gujarat who were affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic. The peasants of Kheda place were not able to pay the revenue, and were demanding for the revenue collection to be relaxed.
• In the year 1918, Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to organise a satyagraha movement amongst the cotton mill workers at the mill.

Mahatma Gandhi is perhaps the most widely recognized figure of the Indian Nationalist Movement for his role in leading non-violent civil uprisings. He first employed the non-violent approach in South Africa where he was serving as an expatriate lawyer. MAHATMA GANDHI (1869–1948) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is widely recognized as one of the twentieth century's greatest political and spiritual leaders. Honored in India as the father of the nation, he pioneered and practiced the principle of Satyagraha—resistance to tyranny through mass nonviolent civil disobedience. Gandhiji believed that multiplication of mills could not solve the problem of cloth supply; therefore he stressed the development of Khadi industry. For Gandhiji, khadi was the “symbol of unity of Indian humanity of its economic freedom and equality”.

The last words written on the board was "Vive La France" meaning "Long Live France!"
These words were written by M. Hamel to show his respect and love for the french language. He was overcome by emotions of patriotism and could not speak . So instead he wrote his parting message as a tribute to the language.

Mughal painting reflects an exclusive combination of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles. As the name suggests, these paintings evolved as well as developed during the rule of Mughal Emperors in India, between 16th to 19th century. The Mughal paintings of India revolved around themes, like battles, court scenes, receptions, legendary stories, hunting scenes, wildlife, portraits, etc. The Victoria and Albert Museums of London house a large and impressive collection of Mughal paintings.

Mughal paintings of India developed as well as prospered under the rule of Mughal Emperors, Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan.

Under Akbar Painting 

The paintings of the Mughal era experienced growth on a large-scale under the rule of Akbar. At that time, a large number of artists painted under the supervision of two Persian artists. Since Akbar was interested in tales, the paintings of his period are based on Ramayana, Mahabharata and Persian epics. Mughal paintings demonstrated raised naturalism which are accompanied by animal tales, portraits, landscapes, etc.

Under Jahangir

Emperor Jahangir reigned from 1605 to 1627 and extended great support to various art forms, especially paintings. This period saw more and more refinement in brushwork, along with the use of much lighter and subdued colors. The main themes of the Mughal paintings revolved around the events from Jahangir's own life, along with portraits, birds, flowers, animals, etc. One of the most popular examples of Mughal paintings of this time include the pictorial illustrations of the Jehangir-nama, the biography of Emperor Jahangir.