6 units

4

A/ benzoic acid is stronger acid because of resonance stability (due to more conjugation ) of carboxylate ion ....... B/ methal ittu sa toh hai ...upar bale bhaiya be bahut accha likha hai.....

(i) Benzoic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid due to the electron withdrawing effect of benzene ring which stabilizes the carboxylate anion while alkyl group destabilises the carboxylate anion due to electron donating nature. 
 

(ii) Methanal is more reactive than ethanal towards Nucleophilic addition reaction due to steric and electronic reasons. Presence of methyl group in ethanal hinders the approach of nucleophile to carbonyl carbon than in methanal. Methyl group also reduces the electrophilicity of the carbonyl more effectively than in methanal. 

due to coronavirus: The impact of coronavirus pandemic on education has been a cause of concern since the lockdown first began. To ensure that students did not end up losing their year due to the spread of the disease, the entire education sector in the country sprung into action and decided to use remote learning techniques. Even now, when the Centre has given schools the option to voluntarily switch to offline mode, most schools are choosing to stick to the online classes, so as to not compromise the education of students. While a recent report by the World Bank believes that the pandemic and resultant closure of schools is causing learning loss among students, schools and edtech platforms in the country have been looking at the lockdown as an opportunity to try different ways to impart knowledge. The report enumerated the long-term impact of the pandemic on the students productivity and learning throughout their life in the South Asian region. The World Bank stated that the region was already dealing with a learning crisis before the pandemic struck, and now, with schools having been temporarily closed for five to six months, students risked losing about 0.5 years of their learning. This, the World Bank said, would lead to serious long term consequences. In monetary terms, the region would end up facing economic loss of $622 billion. For India, the World Bank estimated a long-term loss of $400 billion due to the learning loss caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The report also stated that despite governmental efforts, engaging students through remote learning was proving to be difficult, estimating that as many as 55 lakh students would drop out of schools in South Asia due to the pandemic. Coronavirus pandemic: Efforts of edtech platforms However, edtech platforms in India have left no stone unturned to ensure that the number of students impacted by the pandemic are as low as possible. Speaking to Financial Express Online, Pranav Kothari, VP of Large Scale Education Programmes, Educational Initiatives, said, “In response to school closures, Mindspark (a computer-based, online self-learning tool by Educational Initiatives) has been made available online in 8 vernacular languages. This allowed the existing Mindspark students to continue learning from where they left off in school. We are also offering free trials to new students. Typically, a personalised adaptive learning software is available only in English. We have tried to change that. There has been research that shows that younger children learn best when they study in their mother tongue. We hope to continue to support the education of all students regardless of their parent’s financial ability to purchase online learning software.” Speaking about the World Bank report, Kothari added, “The report draws the connection between school education, higher education and productive jobs. It argues that school and college closures will cause tremendous loss of productivity and income. We believe the losses can be mitigated by focusing on learning with conceptual understanding. This pandemic provides an opportunity to pivot from ‘completing the syllabus’ to ‘teachers ensuring that all children achieve foundational literacy and numeracy’. Our systems need to pivot to enable children to develop conceptual learning, as opposed to simply memorising facts, figures and procedures for an exam. If we succeed in that, our students will be prepared for most external effects – including the fact that the nature of jobs done by humans and skills for the same are constantly evolving.” Meanwhile, STEPapp, a gamified learning app, has tied up with the Union Ministry of Tribal Affairs to bring innovative as well as advanced learning techniques to underprivileged children across the country. “COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the lifestyle of everyone around the world. Every sector of the economy is hit by this change. The lockdown situation has emerged as a threat for some sectors and at the same time, an opportunity for some. As a result, the dynamics of education has seen a dramatic change. The world of edtech and e-learning came out as the knight in shining armour. STEPapp has seen a significant uptick in its usage during the lockdown period. Our usage has increased 20%-30% month-on-month. Also, our recently launched web platform has seen a significant increase in numbers. Overall, we are witnessing anywhere between 6 lakh to 10 lakh users on the platform every month and this number is increasing,” STEPapp Founder Praveen Tyagi told Financial Express Online. However, Tyagi is more hopeful regarding the potential of edtech platforms and e-learning than the World Bank. He is of the view that edtech platforms not only provide a strong educational base for students, they do so innovatively and interactively. This, he believes, engages students more. He said, “There is absolutely no doubt that e-learning is changing the lives of students for the better. With a large number of schools closing down, the education system is prevailing to help the children make use of their time through online classes via video conferencing platforms. Many online learning platforms like STEPapp, Meritnation, Udemy and YouTube lectures, etc are providing a strong base for educating the students in an interactive manner. This increases the attentiveness of the students, engages them and enhances their learning process.” He added, “The aftermath of this COVID-19 crisis will witness a change in the outlook of providing education to children. The new approaches of education that are tried in this pandemic will leave an everlasting impact on the system as health and development will remain as a concerning issue.” COVID-19: How have schools coped up? While the World Bank has been talking about closure of the schools during the pandemic, schools in India did not think twice before switching to alternative means of educating students, no matter how hard the transition would be. The World Bank report stated that during the closure of the schools, the students did not learn anything new, and in fact, had probably forgotten some of what they had learnt earlier. But that is untrue for schools in India, which quickly jumped into action and continued their classes online so that the students’ year is not wasted. Even if it required teachers to learn new technology overnight. DPS Indirapuram Principal Sangeeta Hajela told Financial Express Online, “Remote learning has definitely been a drastic transformation not just for the students, but also for teachers and entire school management. While the beginning few days were in a helter-skelter, due to the apprehensions and uncertainty in the minds of all, a week after the announcement of the lockdown, with the cooperation of parents and students, teachers were able to formulate a flexible classroom plan. Challenges were undoubtedly many and engaging students was a task, but considering the confining scenario which everyone was subjected to, the school authorities let the idea of reduced duration classes and flexible timings into play. This helped us in retention of students as many of them had limited access to devices due to working parents, network issues, etc.” Moreover, instead of focussing only on academics, schools have also tried to balance curricular and co-curricular activities so that the holistic development of students is not hampered. Pallavi Upadhyaya, Principal of DPS RNE Ghaziabad, said, “As we enter almost the 6th month of remote learning, this new pattern of education has undoubtedly made the students more tech savvy and agile when it comes to challenging situations. While our duty as schools remain in shaping the students’ holistic development, the pandemic has forced us to look for alternatives in that regard. Having a social circle and regular physical activities are really crucial for developing minds, it helps them build experiences and experiment with newer activities. Owing to this, our teachers made sure the academics and co-curricular activities received a balanced attention and participation from students. Parents played a huge role in these times, as they were the immediate mentors present for their children and helped us keep our bond with students intact even when we were not able to meet them personally.” Teachers at Vidyashilp School went one more step further with online classes, to ensure that students could transition from home environment to mindset for studying more efficiently. “The pandemic brought the educators to the limelight and forced schools to move beyond delivering content and establish meaningful connections with the students. As we were trying to figure out the new normal of education, the focus was on the evolving roles of our stakeholders – students, teachers and parents. We began with the adoption of a learning management system to ensure seamless delivery of classes, revamped our curriculum to suit the online format, and rendered relaxations on assessments and evaluations for students. Our teachers had to unlearn years of practice and pick up on technology skills to be able to give online classes,” the Academic Head of Vidyashilp School Nalini Ponnappa told Financial Express Online. “In fact, in the beginning they would practice their teaching style on fellow teachers, collect feedback and apply it to their actual classes. Additionally, to ensure student engagement, they ushered in children and brought them out from lessons with breathing techniques, meditation, storytelling and other fun activities. These methods of teaching also required a change in mindset for both teachers and parents. Parents also had to invest in the right infrastructure for virtual classrooms and ensure a peaceful environment for the children to concentrate,” Ponnappa added. However, she also acknowledged the issues that came with remote learning. “While online education has provided us the necessary channel to reach out to students in today’s world, there is still a downside to it. Low internet penetration and unsupportive home environments have made the transition to online learning difficult for some students. The faculty and students are stressed because of the uncertainty they are facing, and with not being able to follow a set routine there is added anxiety. Some of these reasons might lead to parents withdrawing their children from schools and opt for home schooling this year,” she said.

Answer: 25%

Explanation: Isotonic solutions are those solutions which have the same osmotic pressure.  If osmotic pressures are equal at the same temperature, concentrations must also be equal.

 for non electrolytes such as urea

 for electrolytes such as 

 = osmotic pressure

C= concentration

R= solution constant

T= temperature

i= vant hoff factor

For urea solution: 3 g of urea is dissolved in 100 ml of solution.

For solute A: 1.8 g of A is dissolved in 100 ml of solution.

As 

 0.25            0             0

                  

Total moles after dissociation =  

thus 

Thus degree of dissociation is 25%.

नागरिक समाज राज्य और बाजार के क्षेत्र की तुलना में बहुत व्यापक है। यह परिवार के निजी डोमेन से परे है। यह सार्वजनिक डोमेन है जिसमें संस्थानों और संगठनों को स्वेच्छा से बनाया जाता है। यह सक्रिय नागरिकता का क्षेत्र है, जिसमें व्यक्ति सामाजिक मुद्दों को उठाते हैं, राज्य को प्रभावित करने की कोशिश करते हैं या उस पर मांग करते हैं, अपने सामूहिक हितों का पीछा करते हैं या विभिन्न कारणों से समर्थन मांगते हैं। राजनीतिक दल, मीडिया, ट्रेड यूनियनों, गैर सरकारी संगठनों, धार्मिक आंदोलनों आदि जैसे संस्थान नागरिक समाज में गठित संस्थाएं हैं।

नागरिक समाज की प्रासंगिकता

नागरिक समाज अपने स्वैच्छिक संगठनों के माध्यम से राज्य के कार्यों में हस्तक्षेप कर सकता है जहां यह माना जाता है कि राज्य एक सत्तावादी में बदल रहा है।
जैसा कि नागरिक समाज राज्य और बाजार के नियंत्रण से परे है, इसमें सभी लोगों को रोकने के लिए पर्याप्त शक्ति है जो लोगों के सामान्य हित में अच्छा नहीं है।
चूँकि नागरिक समाज विशुद्ध रूप से व्यावसायिक लाभ कमाने वाली संस्था नहीं है, इसलिए यह सरकार, या किसी अन्य समूह के लोगों द्वारा किए गए भ्रष्टाचार, अपराधीकरण और भेदभाव को उजागर करता है। उदाहरण के लिए। निजी टीवी चैनल, ट्रेड यूनियन सिविल सोसाइटी हैं।
1977 के आपातकाल के दौरान, यह मीडिया, ट्रेड यूनियन, दबाव समूहों आदि जैसे विभिन्न संस्थानों के साथ एक सभ्य समाज था, जिन्होंने पर्यावरण से संबंधित आंदोलनों को शुरू किया, जबरन नसबंदी और दलित आंदोलनों के खिलाफ मानव अधिकार।
सूचना के अधिकार के लिए अभियान सांस्कृतिक समाज का सबसे नया कार्य है। यह ग्रामीण राजस्थान में एक आंदोलन से शुरू हुआ और जल्द ही देशव्यापी आंदोलन बन गया। सरकार को नया कानून अर्थात् सूचना का अधिकार अधिनियम, 2005 पारित करना पड़ा।

a) Biological or Genetic factors: Children are more susceptible of developing ODD if they have a parent with a history of ADHD or ODD.

b) Physical factors: the presence of ODD traits has been linked to the existence of abnormal amounts of some brain chemicals. These brain chemicals, known as neurotransmitters, keep the brain chemicals themselves balance properly.

c) Psychological factors: Children may develop ODD if they don’t have good relation with parents or have neglectful parents or have inability to develop social relationship.

d) Social factors: Oppositional Defiant Disorder may be due to inconsistent discipline, divorce, poverty, chaotic environment I the family and exposure to violence.

Xdgugd

समस्त भाव प्रधान साहित्य को काव्य कहते हैं। विभिन्न विद्वानों ने काव्य के विभिन्न लक्षण बताये हैं-साहित्य दर्पण के प्रणेता आचार्य विश्वनाथ ने ‘वाक्यं रसात्मकं काव्यम्’ कहा है।

(1) मुक्तक पद्य-काव्यं गीत,कविता,दोहा और पद तथा आधुनिक चतुष्पदी तथा मुक्त छन्द मुक्तक काव्य कहलाता है। मुक्तक काव्य का तात्पर्य है कि बिना पूर्वापर सम्बन्ध के वह पद्य या छन्द अपने आप में पूर्ण एक स्वतन्त्र भाव लिये हो जिसके पड़ने मात्र से उसका भाव समझ में आ जाये और किसी भी रस-विशेष की अनुभूति हो सके। सूरदास,मीरा आदि कवियों के गेय पद और बिहारी सतसई,आधुनिक गीत इसके अन्तर्गत आते हैं।

(2) प्रबन्ध काव्य-प्रबन्ध काव्य वह रचना होती है, जिसमें कोई एक कथा आद्योपान्त क्रमबद्ध रूप से गठित हो एवं उसमें कहीं भी तारतम्य न टूटता हो, वरने उस कथा को पुष्ट करने के लिए उसमें अन्य अन्तर्कथाएँ भी हो सकती हैं। प्रबन्ध काव्य विस्तृत होता है, उसमें जीवन की विभिन्न झाँकियाँ रहती हैं। प्रबन्ध काव्य में कथानक को लेकर पात्रों के चरित्रों में घटनाओं और भावों के संघर्ष द्वारा काव्य-वस्तु संजोयी जाती है। प्रबन्ध काव्य के निम्नवत् दो उपभेद स्वीकारे

(1) महाकाव्य,
(2) खण्डकाव्य।

•  वाटरशेड प्रबंधन कार्यक्रमों के कारण, मिट्टी का क्षरण कम हुआ है। इससे भूमि क्षरण को रोकने में मदद मिली है और मिट्टी की गुणवत्ता में सुधार हुआ है।
•  पानी की उपलब्धता के कारण, प्राकृतिक वनस्पतियों का आवरण बढ़ा है और नए चारागाह विकसित हुए हैं।
•  इसने वनोपज और कृषि उत्पादकता को बढ़ाकर आदिवासी लोगों के लिए आजीविका के स्रोतों को बेहतर बनाने में मदद की है।
• इस प्रकार, मध्य प्रदेश के झाबुआ जिले में कार्यान्वित वाटरशेड प्रबंधन कार्यक्रमों के परिणामस्वरूप क्षेत्र का समग्र विकास हुआ है।

Thnx @ yogita ingle .

In ZnO, Zn₂ ions occupy the interstitial sites and electrons are trapped in the interstitial sites for neutralization. Crystals that show such type of defects are generally colored. Zinc oxide is white in color but on heating, it turns into yellowbecause it loses oxygen reversibly at high temperature.

The Complete reaction  

{(x³-1)^7/3}/7 + {(x³-1)^4/3}/4 + C

given function is ∫(x³ - )^⅓ x^5.dx

let (x³ - 1) = t , and x³ = (1 + t)
⇒3x² = dt/dx
⇒dx = dt/3x²

So, ∫(x³ - 1)^⅓ x^5 * dt/3x²

⇒1/3 ∫t^⅓ (1 + t) *dt

⇒1/3 ∫(t^⅓ + t^{4/3}).dt

⇒1/3 ∫t^{1/3}.dt + 1/3∫t^{4/3}.dt

⇒1/3 + 1/3 + c

put the value of t in the above function,

⇒.
 

Wavelength of light used, λ=600×10−9m Angular width of fringe, θ=0.1o=0.1π/180 Angular width of a fringe is related to slit spacing as d=λ/θ=3.44×10−4m So,  the spacing between the slits is 3.44×10−4m

Production Possibility Curve won't be influenced by demonetization in India. Generation plausibility boondocks is different mixes of products that can be delivered without squandering any assets. Since assets are not influenced, PPC isn't influenced.
To give a financial framework where individuals try endeavors to their greatest advantage to take the nation to the outskirts is the objective of the administration and approach creators. Since demonetization has caused disturbances and there has been wastage, we have unquestionably moved to a point that is further inside the outskirts in contrast with the situation before demonetization.

Answer:

Share croppers had come to the town to meet their champion, Gandhiji. So that they complain about the injustice of the landlord system in Bihar. Someone had probably said to the sharecroppers that Gandhi can help them.

Often GDP (real GDP) is considered as an index of welfare of the people. Welfare means sense of material well-being among the people. This depends upon availability of goods and services per person for consumption. When GDP (or GNP) rises, it shows increase in flow of goods & services. Greater availability of goods and services implies higher standard of living which increases economic welfare. So one may conclude that higher level of GDP is an index of greater well-being of the people. But this may not be correct due to following limitations or reasons.
(i) Distribution of GDP. A mere rise in GDP (or GNP or National Income) may not lead to rise in economic welfare if its distribution results in concentration of income in the hands of very few individuals or firms. A mere increase in GDP does not mean that every individual automatically gets this much of increase. Distribution of GDP might have resulted in making the rich richer and the poor poorer leading to further increase in the gap between rich and poor.
(ii) Non-monetary exchanges or transactions. Many economic activities in the economy are not evaluated in monetary terms. Thus non-market transactions like services of housewife, exchanges through barter, enjoyment from hobbies like painting, gardening, etc. which increase economic welfare are not included in measuring GDP. Hence GDP may not reflect actual productive activities and wellbeing of the country.
(iii)    Externalities. These refer to the benefits or harms which a firm or an individual causes to other in the process of production but for which they are not paid or penalised. For example, negative externalities occur when smoke of a factory pollutes the air or its industrial wastes causes water pollution in the nearby river resulting in loss of social welfare. But nobody is penalised for it nor it is accounted in GDP. GDP does not take into account these externalities. Similarly, positive (beneficial) impact of beautiful garden remains outside of realm of GDP. To that extent GDP is not a correct index of welfare as GDP is then underestimated or overestimated.
(iv)    Composition of GDP. In case increase in GDP is due to more production of war material like tanks, weapons, etc., it will not increase economic welfare.
(v)    Rate of population growth. If rate of population growth is higher than the rate of growth of Real GDP, this will lead to fall in per capita availability of goods and services. This may reduce the overall welfare of the society.
Conclusion. GNP may not be an adequate index due to above-mentioned limitations, yet it does reflect some index of economic welfare. Mere enhancement of GNP at any cost may create economic bads like poverty and pollution. That is why some economists have suggested an alternative measure by the name of Green GNP to widen the scope of GDP as a measure of welfare.

Knock-out Tournament
Most of the tournaments are organised on the basis of knock-out. In this type of tournament, a team which is once defeated, automatically gets eliminated from the tournament. Only the winning teams continue in the tournament. It means that second opportunity is not given to the defeated team. Opportunities are given to the winning teams or players. For example, if four teams participate in knock-out tournament, the winning team is declared in the following way.
In the 1st round, team A and B as well as team C and D play their matches. If team B and team D become the winners of 1st round, these teams, i.e., B and D get opportunity to play in the 2nd round and team A and team C will be eliminated from the tournament. Finally, the winner of match between team C and team D becomes the winner of the tournament.

 

इसे सेवा क्षेत्र के रूप में जाना जाता है
तृतीयक क्षेत्र प्राथमिक और माध्यमिक क्षेत्रों के लिए उपयोगी सेवाएं प्रदान करता है
यह क्षेत्र अच्छी तरह से व्यवस्थित है और अपने कार्यों को करने के लिए आधुनिक-रसद सेवाओं का उपयोग करता है
बैंकिंग, बीमा व्यापार और संचार इस क्षेत्र के अंतर्गत आते हैं
आगामी वर्षों में इस क्षेत्र के रोजगार में वृद्धि हुई है

 

It is known as the service sector

The tertiary sector provides useful services for the primary and secondary sectors

This sector is well organized and uses modern-day logistics techniques to perform its functions

Banking, insurance trade and communications come under this sector

This sector’s employment share has increased in the ensuing years

आर्थिक क्रियाओ को वर्गीकरण तीन क्षेत्रकों में वर्गीकृत किया गया है-

(i) प्राथमिक क्षेत्रक - प्राथमिक क्षेत्रक में कृषि, वानिकी, पशुपालन, मत्स्यपालन, मुर्गीपालन और खनन एवं उत्खनन शामिल हैं। 

(ii) द्वितीयक क्षेत्रक -द्वितीयक क्षेत्रक में विनिर्माण शामिल है। 

(iii) तृतीयक क्षेत्रक- तृतीयक क्षेत्रक में व्यापार, परिवहन, संचार, बैंकिंग, शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, बीमा, बैंकिंग आदि सेवाएं शामिल है। 

Ryt

आर्थिक क्रियाओ को वर्गीकरण तीन क्षेत्रकों में वर्गीकृत किया गया है-

(i) प्राथमिक क्षेत्रक - प्राथमिक क्षेत्रक में कृषि, वानिकी, पशुपालन, मत्स्यपालन, मुर्गीपालन और खनन एवं उत्खनन शामिल हैं। 

(ii) द्वितीयक क्षेत्रक -द्वितीयक क्षेत्रक में विनिर्माण शामिल है। 

(iii) तृतीयक क्षेत्रक- तृतीयक क्षेत्रक में व्यापार, परिवहन, संचार, बैंकिंग, शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, बीमा, बैंकिंग आदि सेवाएं शामिल है। 

Bta do yrr

भारत में सरकारी रोजगार ने एक प्रमुख भूमिका निभाई है
जाति, धर्म और क्षेत्र की सीमाओं को पार करना। एक समाजशास्त्री ने तर्क दिया है
यही वजह है कि भिलाई जैसी जगह पर कभी सांप्रदायिक दंगे नहीं हुए
सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र का भिलाई स्टील प्लांट पूरे भारत के लोगों को रोजगार देता है
जो एक साथ काम करते हैं दूसरे लोग इस पर सवाल उठा सकते हैं। तीसरा, चूंकि बहुत कम लोग हैं
यूनियनों के सदस्य, संगठित क्षेत्र की एक विशेषता, उनके पास अनुभव नहीं है
उचित मजदूरी और सुरक्षित कामकाजी परिस्थितियों के लिए सामूहिक रूप से लड़ना। सरकार
असंगठित क्षेत्र में स्थितियों की निगरानी के लिए कानून हैं, लेकिन व्यवहार में वे हैं
नियोक्ता या ठेकेदार की सनक और सनक पर छोड़ दिया।

Government employment in India has played a major role in overcoming boundaries of caste, religion and region. One sociologist has argued that the reason why there have never been communal riots in a place like Bhilai is because the public sector Bhilai Steel Plant employs people from all over India who work together. Others may question this. Third, since very few people are members of unions, a feature of the organised sector, they do not have the experience of collectively fighting for proper wages and safe working conditions. The government has laws to monitor conditions in the unorganised sector, but in practice they are left to the whims and fancies of the employer or contractor.

1. Increasing inter regional, economic and infrastructural inequalities.
2. The states are not developed in some uniform manner, some are well developed while some to receive attention. This creates discord among the citizens and a feeling of alievation.
3. The market economy tends to increase the gap between developed and backward classes. The rich tend to get richer while the poor tend to get poorer.

पुरातात्विक संस्कृति शब्द का प्रयोग पुरावस्तू के एक ऐसे समूह के लिए किया जाता है जो एक विशेष कालखंड से संबंधित होती है , ओर एक विशेष शैली कि होती है। इनका निर्माण वहा रहने वाले लोगों के द्वारा अपने लिए किया गया होगा इनमें धातु, बर्तन, मनके,मुहर,इमारत, हथियार, आदि शामिल होते है।