On the surface, the white horse in "The Summer of the Beautiful White Horse" symbolizes beauty, freedom and wealth; all things that Aram and his cousin Mourad do not have. They "let the horse run as long as it felt like running," demonstrating the freedom that the boys want to feel as well. They describe the horse as "the loveliest thing [they] had ever seen," demonstrating how beautiful it is.

Madam, or madame, is a polite and formal form of address for women, often contracted to ma'am. The term derives from the French madame; in French, ma dame literally means "my lady". In French, the abbreviation is "Mᵐᵉ" or "Mme" and the plural is mesdames. In the Supreme Court of the United States, the Supreme Court of Canada and the superior courts of Australia, rather than adopting the title Madam Justice for female justices, the title Mrs. Justice was replaced simply by Justice. Likewise, female presidents of the Republic of Ireland have preferred to be addressed simply as President in direct address, rather than Madam President. In the United Kingdom, female judges of the High Court of Justice of England and Wales are titled Mrs. Justice rather than Madam Justice, regardless of marital status; however, female District Judges are referred to as either Madam or Ma'am.[citation needed] Female judges of the High Court of Hong Kong and the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong are, however, titled Madam Justice.

The process of loading the system files of the operating system from the disk into the computer memory to complete the circuitry requirement of the computer system is called booting.

Types of Booting:
There are two types of booting:
• Cold Booting: If the computer is in off state and we boot the computer by pressing the power switch ‘ON’ from the CPU box then it is called as cold booting.
• Warm Booting: If the computer is already ‘ON’ and we restart it by pressing the ‘RESET’ button from the CPU box or CTRL, ALT and DEL key simultaneously from the keyboard then it is called warm booting.

The coefficient of restitution (COR), also denoted by (e), is the ratio of the final to initial relative velocity between two objects after they collide. It normally ranges from 0 to 1 where 1 would be a perfectly elastic collision. The coefficient of restitution depends to a large extent on the nature of the two materials of which the colliding objects are made. It is also affected by the impact velocity, the shape and size of the colliding objects, the location on the colliding objects at which the collision occurs, and their temperatures.

In the gaseous state, the atoms are widely separated therefore, interatomic forces are minimum. It is because of this reason the term ‘isolated gaseous atom’ has been included in definition of ionisation enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy.
The term ‘ground state’ here means that the atom must be present in the most stable state, i.e., the ground state. Therefore, for comparison purposes, the ionisation enthalpies and electron gain enthalpies of gaseous atoms must be determined in their respective ground states.

During 9^th century of Europe local wars became common. There were frequent localised wars in Europe from the ninth century onwards Good cavalry was required for wars. The amateur present-soldiers were not good enough for those wars. This need was fulfilled by the knights. In this way, knights became a distinct group to achieve this aim. The fall of the feudal power resulted in the decline of the knight during the 15^th century.

Tokens are the smallest unit of the program.

1. keywords

keywords are nothing but a set of special words, which are reserved by Python and have specific meaning.

2. identifier

identifier in Python are nothing but user defined name to represent programmable entity like variable, function, classes, modules or any object.

3. literals

the other built in object in Python are literal. literal can be define as data that is given in a variable or constant. Python has following literal:-

(a) string

(b) numeric

(c) boolean

(d) collection

4. operators

operators are the symbols which performs the operation on some values. these values are known as operand.

Debugging is the process of detecting and removing of existing and potential errors (also called as 'bugs') in a software code that can cause it to behave unexpectedly or crash. To prevent incorrect operation of a software or system, debugging is used to find and resolve bugs or defects. Debug code is computer code introduced to a computer program to test for errors or to help determine the cause of an error. It can be as simple as an echo command to print the value of a variable at certain points of a program.

The three phases of the author’s relationship with his grandmother before he left the country to study abroad are:

1. childhood – when he went to the village school and the grandmother helped him to get ready and went to school with him.
2. boyhood – when he went to the city school in a bus. He shared a room with grandmother but she could no longer help him in his studies.
3. early youth – when he went to the university and was given a room of him own. The common link of friendship was snapped.

The author has described his grandmother very beautifully. He compared her to the winter landscape in the mountains and expanse of pure white serenity breathing peace and contentment. He used this simile to describe the all whiteness associated with his grandmother. She always wore spotless white dress. Her silver hair quite matched with her white attire. She was very spiritual and religious. As a result she exuded purity and serenity like a winter landscape. There were many appreciable qualities in Khushwant Singh's grandmother. She was quite affectionate. She looked after the narrator at the village so caringly that he did not feel the absence of his parents when they went to the city to settle.  She was a strong woman who could adapt herself to any new challenging situation. May be she derived that strength from her devotion to God. She was so divinely dedicated to praying to God that she never left her rosary. Her feeding the village dogs and then the sparrows show her love for animals. She found company in them. And sparrows reciprocated her love and care. They didn't chirp at all; nor did they eat a single crumb at her death. She was really a saintly woman.

It was hard for author to believe that his grand mother was once young and pretty as when he opened his eyes he saw his grand mother old, so terribly old that one could not grow more older. Her skin was a criss cross of wrinkles spread all over her face. Therefore it was beyond the expectations of author to believe that his grandmother had been pretty once.

The civilization of Ancient Mesopotamia grew up along the banks of two great rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris. In the midst of a vast desert, the peoples of Mesopotamia relied upon these rivers to provide drinking water, agricultural irrigation, and major transportation routes. Agriculture was the main economic activity in ancient Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia is important because it is located in the Fertile Crescent. D. Mesopotamia is significant for two reasons, one: It is the first civilization, and two: many important inventions and innovations were first introduced in the city states of Mesopotamia.

Shortest wavelength, so highest energy is for , line that drops from infinity to Lyman series.

Energy = 13.6 *(1/n-1/infinity)

Energy = 13.6 , n=1

For He+ longest wavelength is for line drop from just immediately up 3 line or 2nd exited state.

So, energy= 13.6 (Z)2 *(1/(2)2-1/(3)2)

N=2 Balmer series

N=3 longest wavelength

Z=2 He+ ion

So, energy here is 13.6*20/36

So, it is 20/36 or 5/9 times of energy of H ion so for wavelength it is 9/5 more times than H ion wavelength so,

It is 9/5 x= wavelength of He+ ion .

When Wu Daozi said to the Emperor, “Please let me show Your Majesty the way”, the painter entered the cave and its entrance closed behind him. Before the surprised Emperor could move or say anything, the painting had vanished from the wall. Even the painter’s brush had disappeared.

From v=u+at,v_1​=0+at_1​

∴a = v_1​​/t₁​

F=ma=mv_1​​/t₁​​

Velocity acquired in t sec=at=v_1​​/t₁​ ​​t

Power=F×v= ​mv_1​​/t₁​ ×v_1​​/t₁​ ​t​=​mv₁²/ t₁²​t​

The current era is the era of responsibility. The natural resources of the world are under stress of over-exploitation. We all have the responsibility to use these natural resources judiciously. The principle of sustainable development must be adopted and practised.  

the people of the world must take care of the health of our planet and treat it respectfully so that it can be bequeathed to the coming generations in good condition. We have to play the role of responsible trustees of the world and have to hand it over to the coming generations in a very good condition – not as degraded and polluted planet.

Supplementary units are the dimensionless units that are used along with the base units to form derived units in the International system. The class of supplementary contains only two purely geometrical units, that is the radian and the steradian.

H₂O < NH₃ < CH4 

NH₃ is better known as ammonia to us,  H₂O as water and CH₄ as methane.

The bond angle according to the theory of VSEPR is the angle between the two electron bonds.

The number of lone pairs of electron in H₂O is 2, where as it is one in NH₃ and none in CH₄.