Aram and Mourad belonged to the Garoghlanian tribe of Armenia. This tribe was known for its truthfulness, honesty as well as integrity. They were so reputed in terms of honesty that John Byro on knowing that it was his horse that Mourad had stolen, decided to believe in his heart and say that the horse wasn't his. Their tribe was also known to be living in an acute form of poverty.

Sole tradership or proprietorship is the oldest form of business organisation. It is also known as individual proprietorship or single entrepreneurship. This type of organisation is very simple and easy to form.
“Sole proprietorship is the form of business which is owned, managed and controlled by an individual. It is the simplest form of business, established with the limited resources, ability and capital of the individual known as sole trader or entrepreneur.”
A sole tradership enjoys the following merits
(i) Ease of Formation The establishment of a sole tradership concern is easier as compared to other forms of organisation. A person with small amount of capital can start the business without undergoing much legal formalities.
(ii) Flexibility The sole trader is free to change the nature and scope of his business operation, whenever the situation demands.
(iii) Quick Decision-making Sole tradership facilitates quick decision-making and prompts action as the sole trader has exclusive control over his business.
(iv) Secrecy of Information It is easy to preserve secrecy in business in case of sole proprietorship.
A sole tradership has following limitations
(i) Limited Financial Resources The financial resources which a sole trader can raise are limited. He can either depend on his personal resources or on his borrowing capacity.
(ii) Limited Managerial Ability The sole proprietor has to take all the decisions and he may not be an expert in all the matters of business. Also, due to financial constraints, he may not he able to use services of professionals and experts.
(iii) Limited Life of a Business Concern In the eyes of law, owner and business are considered one and the same. Therefore, illness death or insolvency of the owner affects the business and can lead to its closure.
(iv) Unlimited Liability The liability of the sole trader is unlimited in the sense that the business creditors

Proportional Representation is a system used to elect a country’s government in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.

Proportional Representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems in which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If n% of the electorate support a particular political party as their favourite, then roughly n% of seats will be won by that party. The essence of such systems is that all votes contribute to the result—not just a plurality, or a bare majority.

Group life insurance is a type of life insurance in which a single contract covers an entire group of people. Typically, the policy owner is an employer or an entity such as a labor organization, and the policy covers the employees or members of the group.

Machinery a/c will be debited in this case as machinery is coming into the business. The Golden rule of real accounts says 'Debit what comes in, Credit what goes out'.

Cash a/c will be credited in this case as cash is going out of the business. The Golden rule of real accounts says 'Debit what comes in, Credit what goes out'.

Hence the journal entry will be-

Machinery a/c ……………….…Dr

To Cash a/c

(Being machinery purchased)

Note - If payment for machinery is made by cheque, Bank a/c will be credited instead of Cash a/ c.

The pyrenoid, a dense structure inside or beside chloroplasts of certain algae, consists largely of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase, one of the enzymes necessary in photosynthesis for carbon fixation and thus sugar formation. Starch, a storage form of glucose, is often found around pyrenoids.

The Kesavananda Bharati judgement or His Holiness Kesavananda Bharati Sripadagalvaru and Ors. v. State of Kerala and Anr. (case citation: (1973) 4 SCC 225) is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India that outlined the basic structure doctrine of the Constitution. Justice Hans Raj Khanna asserted through this doctrine that the constitution possesses a basic structure of constitutional principles and values. The Court partially cemented the prior precedent Golaknath v. State of Punjab, which held that constitutional amendments pursuant to Article 368 were subject to fundamental rights review, by asserting that only those amendments which tend to affect the 'basic structure of the Constitution' are subject to judicial review. At the same time, the Court also upheld the constitutionality of first provision of Article 31(c), which implied that any constitutional amendment seeking to implement the Directive Principles, which does not affect the 'Basic Structure', shall not be subjected to judicial review.The basic structure doctrine forms the basis of power of the Indian judiciary to review, and strike down, amendments to the Constitution of India enacted by the Indian parliament which conflict with or seek to alter this basic structure of the Constitution.The 13-judge Constitutional bench of the Supreme Court deliberated on the limitations, if any, of the powers of the elected representatives of the people and the nature of fundamental rights of an individual. In a sharply divided verdict, by a margin of 7-6, the court held that while the Parliament has "wide" powers, it did not have the power to destroy or emasculate the basic elements or fundamental features of the constitution.

Art is described as an unstructured and open-ended form of work; that expresses emotions, feelings, and vision. Craft denotes a form of work, involving the creation of physical objects, by the use of hands and brain. Art relies on artistic merit whereas craft is based on learned skills and technique. Arts and crafts describes a wide variety of activities involving making things with one's own hands. ... William Morris, John Ruskin and others promoted an "arts and crafts" movement in the late 19th century, which popularized the phrase. Both children and adults enjoy arts and crafts.

a n s w e r 
As per the Preamble of the Constitution of India, the nature of Indian State is of a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic and republican polity.

The French serfs worked for their lords. They were not allowed to escape from the estate of their lords. A serf was not even allowed to marry without his lord’s permission.

A Roman slave was treated like a commodity with no identity. The slaves could be bought and sold in market. They were often kept in confinements. They were encouraged to marry and produced too many children, so that more slaves could be available for work.

Following are the ways in which we come to know that the author's grandmother was a religious person   (i) She hobbled about the house in a white saree, always carrying and telling the beads of her rosary.   (ii) When the author was in the village with her, he would always find her saying morning prayer while she bathed and dressed him up.   (iii) The grandmother would always go to the village school with her grandson because the school was attached to the temple. While the children were taught, the grandmother would sit inside the temple and read scriptures.   (iv) She would always feed the animals (dogs in the village) and birds (sparrows in the city) because she thought it to be a part of religious rituals.   (v) The last moments of her life were spent in praying rather than talking to her family members.

Social equality is a state of affairs in which all people within a specific society or isolated group have the same status in possibly all respects, possibly including civil rights, freedom of speech, property rights and equal access to certain social goods and social services. Functionalist theorists believe that inequality is inevitable and desirable and plays an important function in society. Important positions in society require more training and thus should receive more rewards. Social inequality and social stratification, according to this view, lead to a meritocracy based on ability.

 Improves concentration power, correct body posture, Rehabilitation of injuries, Increases flexibility, Improves breathing system, Improves function of heart, Improves digestive system, Improve overall health, Improves coordination of function between neurology and muscles.

Economic activity is an activity of providing, making, buying or selling commodities or services by people to satisfy day-to-day needs of life. Any activity that includes manufacturing, distributing or utilising products or services.

Non-economic activity is an activity performed with the purpose of rendering services to others without any consideration to financial gain. Those activities which are initiated for personal content or to meet human sentiments are non-economic activities.