Public enterprises are the form of business organization which are owned by government either fully or partially. There are different types of public enterprises such as public corporation, departmental undertaking and government company. 

Features of Departmental Undertakings

It is established by the government, and its overall control rests with the minister. It is financed through government funds. It is subject to budgetary, accounting, and audit control. Its policy is laid down by the government, and it is accountable to the legislature.

Abscisic acid acts as a general plant growth inhibitor and an inhibitor of plant metabolism. ABA inhibits seed germination. ABA stimulates the closure of stomata in the epidermis and increases the tolerance of plants to various kinds of stresses. Therefore, it is also called the stress hormone. Abscisic acid is called stress hormones as it induces various responses in plants against stress conditions.

It increases the tolerance of plants toward various stresses. It induces the closure of the stomata during water stress. It promotes seed dormancy and ensures seed germination during favourable conditions. It helps seeds withstand desiccation. It also helps in inducing dormancy in plants at the end of the growing season and promotes abscission of leaves, fruits, and flowers.

 An indifference curve is a graph showing combination of two goods that give the consumer equal satisfaction and utility. Each point on an indifference curve indicates that a consumer is indifferent between the two and all points give him the same utility. The theory of indifference curves was developed by Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, who explained in his 1881 book the mathematics needed for their drawing; later on, Vilfredo Pareto was the first author to actually draw these curves, in his 1906 book. An indifference curve is a graphical representation of a combined products that gives similar kind of satisfaction to a consumer thereby making them indifferent. Every point on the indifference curve shows that an individual or a consumer is indifferent between the two products as it gives him the same kind of utility.

NEED OF BUSINESS FINANCE:

Uses

1. Fixed Capital Requirement: In order to start a business, funds are needed to purchase fixed assets like land and building, plant and machinery.The funds required in fixed assest remain invested in the business for a long period of time.
2. Working Capital Requirement: A business needs funds for its day to day operation. This is known as working Capital requirements. Working capital is required for purchase of raw materials, to pay salaries, wages, rent and taxes.
3. Diversification: A company needs more funds to diversify its operation to become a multi-product company e.g. ITC.
4. Technology upgradation: Finance is needed to adopt modern technology for example uses of computers in business.
5. Growth and expansion: Higher growth of a business enterprise requires higher investment in fixed assets. So finance is needed for growth and expansion.

 Classification of Sources of Funds

(i) Period Basis On the basis of time period, a business finance can be classified in three categories.

(a) Long Term Finance Funds which are required to be invested In a business for a long period of time, that is more than five years are known as long term finance.

(b) Medium Term Finance The finance required by business enterprises for more than one year but less than five years is known as medium term finance.

(c) Short Term Finance The finance required for a short period upto one year is known as short term finance.

(ii) Ownership Basis On the basis of ownership, the sources can be classified into ‘owner’s fund’ and ‘borrowed fund’,

(a) Owner Fund It refers to the funds contributed by owners as well as the accumulated profit of the company this fund remains with the company and it has no liability to return this fund. e.g., equity shares, retained earnings.

(b) Borrowed Fund It refers to the borrowing of the firm. It includes all funds available by way of loans or credit

(iii) Source of Generation Basis Another basis of categorising the sources of funds can be whether the funds are generated from with in the organisation internal or from external sources.

Prove the following identites

sec⁴x - sec²x = tan⁴x + tan²x

SOLUTION

LHS = sec⁴x - sec²x

= sec²x(sec²x - 1)

= (tan²x + 1)(tan²x) (∵ sec²x - tan²x = 1)

= tan⁴x + tan²x

=RHS

Hence proved.

Step 1: Start with a circle

<a href="https://rapidfireart.com/2015/12/07/how-to-draw-a-face-in-8-steps/#"></a>

Draw a large circle and make a horizontal line below it for the chin. Then sketch the jawline. Draw a vertical line down the center of the face and make sure both sides of the face are symmetrical.

Step 2: Draw guidelines on the face

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There are 2 ways to do this step: Ruler or no ruler. I highly recommend using the ruler method for the first couple of faces you draw. Why? Because doing this step without it can throw your proportions off like crazy. Especially if you have trouble locating the ‘center’ of an object with your eyes. The no ruler method requires you to split multiple sections of the face in half and then in half again.

Ruler Method: Make a ruler beside your drawing that is the same height. The ruler should be marked so there are 8 equal spaces. Always start with the center line.
Draw faint lines through the face on the markings labelled CENTER LINE, 2, 3, A, and C. As you get used to this, you won’t need to draw the ruler on the side.

No Ruler Method: Without the ruler, I draw lines in this order: CENTER LINE, 2, 3, B, A, C (B is included because it’s easier to break the forehead section in half first, especially when you’re drawing freehand). This is the method I use to draw heads all the time.<a href="https://rapidfireart.com/2015/12/07/how-to-draw-a-face-in-8-steps/#"></a>

Super SIMPLE Method: If it’s still a little confusing, check out my <a href="https://rapidfireart.com/2017/10/24/how-to-draw-faces-for-beginners-easy/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">simple method here</a>. It’s also paired with a video so you can see how I do it!

Step 3: Draw eyes in the right spot

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On the face, mark the center line with 4 ticks spread equally apart. The eyes will sit roughly on this line. Don’t be afraid to move slightly above or below the line, since eyes are usually slanted. If you want to draw more mysterious manly eyes, click <a href="https://rapidfireart.com/2017/01/19/how-to-draw-different-eye-shapes/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">here</a>.

Step 4: Draw a proportionate nose

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Extend the 2 lines where the inner corners of each eye are located. These guidelines will determine the nose’s width. Now that we have a box, it’s time to draw the nose.
<a href="https://rapidfireart.com/2013/05/09/how-to-draw-the-nose-from-the-front/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" title="How to Draw a Nose (Front View)">Click here to see my nose tutorial!</a>
Start with a circle, resting it anywhere between line 1 and 2. You can give your male character a more chiseled appearance by drawing the nose using very angular shapes.

Step 5: Add the eyebrows

<a href="https://rapidfireart.com/2015/12/07/how-to-draw-a-face-in-8-steps/#"></a>

Extend the nose’s bridge past the eyelids to define the brow bone (this step is optional). These lines should be very light!
Using a 4B pencil, draw the eyebrows along the brow bone. Facial features that can accentuate masculinity are thick bushy eyebrows!

<a href="https://rapidfireart.com/2016/12/07/how-to-draw-eyebrows/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Click here for my in-depth tutorial on how to draw eyebrows!</a>

Step 6: Use a triangle shape to draw lips

<a href="https://rapidfireart.com/2015/12/07/how-to-draw-a-face-in-8-steps/#"></a>

Draw a vertical line down the center of each eye. This will mark the lips’ outer boundary. <a href="https://rapidfireart.com/2013/05/10/how-to-draw-lips/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" title="How to Draw Lips in 10 Easy Steps">Click here for my lips tutorial.</a> If you’ve already read it, place your triangle in the small box under the nose to start. If you drew the nose well above line 2, extend the triangle so the tip touches the nose.

Step 7: Add the ears

<a href="https://rapidfireart.com/2015/12/07/how-to-draw-a-face-in-8-steps/#"></a>

The Center Line and Line 2 mark the general boundaries for each ear.

<a href="https://rapidfireart.com/2016/12/13/how-to-draw-an-ear-from-the-front/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">In-depth tutorial on how to draw an ear from the front</a>

Step 8: Draw the hair

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Draw the upper hairline somewhere in between line A and B. It’s up to you how large you want the forehead to be. To draw a receding hairline, go above line A. When you’re drawing a man’s face, bring in hair from the sides of the head to create a solid and visible looking hairline.

<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGcOEkl1coU&lc=Ugwf0uM8UnRB2FU1wPl4AaABAg" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">How to draw 6 different hairstyles – 7 detailed steps</a>

If

A duty (from "due" meaning "that which is owing"; Old French: deu, did, past participle of devoir; Latin: debere, debitum, whence "debt") is a commitment or expectation to perform some action in general or if certain circumstances arise. It refers to duty, responsibility, obligation(noun) the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force.

Gravity is a force that attracts a body towards the centre of the earth, or towards any other physical body having mass.

History of Gravity

• In 1687, Sir Isaac Newton first discovered gravity. While sitting under an apple tree, he noticed an apple falling down. Then he tried to figure out why the apple instead of going up or left or right, came down. In this situation, there was clearly an unknown force at play, that force is what Newton called gravity and his theory is called Newton’s law of Universal Gravitation.
• Later in the early 20th century, Albert Einstein developed a whole new idea about gravity. According to him, gravity is the warping of space and time.

The three steps would be 
1. Reliability, i.e Verifiability,Faithfulness,Neutrality
2. Relevance, i.e, Timeliness
3. Understandability and Comparability.

In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. Statisticians attempt for the samples to represent the population in question.

Carolus Linnaeus, who gave an organism classification, named as 'father of taxonomy'.

Although both computers are sharing the same public IP address and accessing the Internet at the same time, the router knows exactly which computer to send specific packets to because each computer has a unique internal address. In that case 2 or more computers can get same IP. Two computers can safely have the same IP address in certain cases. In most cases, if those two computers are on the same local network, it breaks connectivity for one or both of them. Internet protocols work by sending small, individually addressed messages. Each message can be routed differently.

Anatomy of Earthworm

Externally, a thin non-cellular cuticle covers the body wall of the earthworm. Underneath this cuticle, a layer of the epidermis, followed by two muscle layers and coelomic epithelium (inner layer) is sheathed. The epithelium consists of a single layer of glandular columnar epithelium.

Census of India:  Ir is responsible for the collection of data related to different demographic characteristics. Data is collected for characteristics such as birth rate, fertility rate, mortality rate, size and composition of the population etc. The information related to all aspects of the population are collected by the investigators appointed by the government. They collect information from each and every household of the country. In India, this exercise is carried after every 10 years. The data collected by the Census of India acts as a mirror for assessing the impact of various programmes and development policies initiated by the government. It also helps in identifying the improvement areas and making the future policy. The first census was conducted in the year 1872 in India and next in 1881.

A protocol is the special set of rules that end points in a telecommunication connection use when they communicate. Protocols also specify the interactions between the communicating entities. Protocols exist at several levels in a telecommunication connection.