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Total product is the overall quantity of output that a firm produces, usually specified in relation to a variable input. Total product is the starting point for the analysis of short-run production. It indicates how much output a firm can produce according to the law of diminishing marginal returns. The marginal product of an input, say labour, is defined as the extra output that results from adding one unit of the input to the existing combination of productive factors.

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is a foundation created through a collective initiative led by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).

The World Anti-Doping Agency was founded with the aim of bringing consistency to anti-doping policies and regulations within sport organizations and governments right across the world.

Initially, as one might have gathered, the real authority of the republic lay in the hands of the patricians; however, this power could not and would not remain. The plebians, who comprised the majority of the army and did most of the real work, rebelled, going on strike and demanding an equal voice in the government. Out of this struggle came the Conflict of Order, a class “war” that lasted from 494 to 287 BCE. It was a fight that brought about significant change:  a plebeian assembly, the Concilium Plebis. Through this new congress, the plebeians could elect tribunes who, like consuls, served for one year. Their primary function was to safeguard plebeian rights against patrician abuse. Their duties were in many ways similar to that of the consuls; however, they could veto any magistrate decision as it related to the plebeians. Later, to further protect the rights of the plebians, the Twelve Tables also called the Ten plus the Two was enacted as the first record of Roman law - there had never been a written constitution in Rome. By the 4th century BCE all citizens had the right of provocatio populum - the right to appeal the decision of a magistrate, and by 287 BCE the Lex Hotensia stated that laws passed by the Concilium Plebis were binding to all people, even patricians.

Islam is the religion of truth. It is the embodiment of the code of life, which Allah, the Creator and Lord of the Universe, has revealed for the guidance of mankind. Islam is an Arabic word, which denotes submission, surrender and obedience. As a religion, Islam stands for complete submission and obedience to Allah — that is why it is called Islam. The first distinctive characteristic of Islam is its emphasis on correct basic faith, that is faith in Almighty Allah, as the One and Only Being, Who is the Creator, Sustainer and Master of the whole universe, Who alone is worthy of being worshipped and to Whom all of us have to return and account for our deeds done in this life.

A Constitution is necessary because of the following reasons: It is an important law of the land. It determines the relationship of the citizens with the governments. It lays down principles and guidelines which are required for people belonging to different ethnic and religious groups to live in harmony. The constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic, assuring its citizens justice, equality and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity. The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a helium-filled case at the Parliament House in New Delhi.

Vocational guidance is assistance in choosing a career or profession or in making employment or training decisions. An example of vocational guidance is a meeting with a consultant who helps people figure out what a good job would be for them based on their skills and qualifications. The Vocational Guidance & Career Counseling widely known as Vocational Guidance Counseling aims to help the individual to expand his alternative professional perspectives that are necessary in making decisions relating to the future career and profession.

Rights of women: A woman in Rome had full rights in the property of her father. On her father's death, she could become an independent property owner. A woman had full individual property rights in her husband's property. In other words, a married couple was not regarded as one but two financial entities. Divorce was an easy task and required only a notice either by the husband or by the wife. All these aspects are very modern in the sense that countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq and Congo are still struggling to provide equal rights to women.

Answer:
Mrs Fitzgerald said that Mrs Pearson’s family was undoubtedly spoilt. She felt that it was Mrs Pearson’s attitude that did them no good, tending to their needs, taking their orders, and staying at home every night while they went out enjoying themselves.

1. For men, the Manusmriti declares, there are seven means of acquiring wealth. These are: Inheritance, finding, purchase, conquest, investment, work and acceptance of gifts from good people.

2. And the six means for women: What was given in front of the fire (marriage) or the bridal procession or as a token of affection and what she got from her brother, mother or father. In addition, any subsequent gift and whatever her affectionate husband might give her.

3. According to the Manusmriti, the paternal estate was to be divided equally amongst sons after the death of the parents, with a special share for the eldest. Women could not claim a share of these resources.

4. However, women were allowed to retain the gifts they received on the occasion of their marriage as Stridhana (literally, a woman's wealth). This could be inherited by their children, without the husband having any claim on it. At the same time, the Manusmriti warned women against hoarding family property, or even their own valuables, without the husband's permission.

5. We know about some wealthy women such as the Vakataka queen Prabhavati Gupta. However, cumulative evidence - both epigraphic and textual-suggests that while upper-class women may have been access to resources, land, cattle and money were generally controlled by men.

The first principle of his message is the belief in one God. The message of humanism is inseparably bound together with his message of monotheism. The Quran has numerous verses which refer to Allah and his attributes but it is directed at man and his behaviour. 

The Quran acknowledges pluralism.

There is no compulsion in religion. Allah has created different communities on purpose, to try and test human beings in what has been given to them. It is His will that the people shall live in peace and harmony with each other.

The message of the Quran is one of hope but not of despair. Compassion and mercy are an ever present theme in the Quran. Hopelessness and the lack of trust in His mercy are condemned in the Quran. Even the sinners are assured not to be in despair of His mercy because Allah forgives all sins. Allah says in His Book: “My mercy encompasses all things.”

Mercy is also a quality of His Prophet, for we are told in the Quran that “to the Believers is he most kind and merciful”. Even a believer should aspire for, if not possess, mercy. The believers are those who are “compassionate amongst each other”, and “exhort one another to mercy”. Man is required to believe in Allah’s mercy and also practise it himself.

 Gradation is the process of removing unevenness of the land surface and making it a level land. Agents of gradation are running water, wind, glacier, waves, and underground water. Gradation can be of two types- degradation and aggradation.
•    Degradation is the process of denudation. It involves weathering, mass wasting and erosion.
•    Aggradation is also known as deposition. Eroded materials are deposited in the depressions or lowlands and these areas rise up.

Substitute goods are the goods which are used in place of one another. For example, tea and coffee, coke and pepsi. On the other hand, complementary goods are the ones which are used together or the goods complement the use of one another. For example, car and petrol, pen and ink.

A rise in income of the consumer leads to an increase in demand for the commodity and vice-versa in case of normal goods whereas a rise in income of the consumer leads to a fall in demand for the commodity and vice-versa in case of inferior goods.
Example :- Toned milk is an example of inferior good 

Grandmother reacted very annoyingly because in the city school the author taught about western education, gravitational law and a lot of other things also. She was very upset because there spiritual education was not taught by the teacher.