When Marwan II won the civil war that led to his ascension as Caliph in 744, the Abbasids sensed their moment. Ibrahim sent Abu Muslim a black flag signaling the start of a revolt. The revolt began in June 747 in Merv, a city center of the Khorasan region. A rebel army 2,000 unleashed their discontent in revolution and their drove out the governor of the region Nasr bin Sayyar into hiding in Wasit, Iraq.

As the revolution raged, the Umayyads imprisoned Ibrahim, where he would die in his cell years later. But even with the imprisonment of the head of the Abbasid cause, the revolt spread growing into a revolution against the Caliphate. In 747, they captured Herat and wrestled for the control of Persia. In 748, they advanced to Iraq capturing Kufa. Other major cities fell such as Istafan and Reyy. By the late months 749, Abu Muslim and the Abbasid revolutionaries controlled Persia and Mesopotamia. In November 749, with Ibrahim dead in prison in the same year, Abu Muslim and the revolution appointed the new head of the Abbasids, Abu al-Abbas, as Amir al-Muminin or commander of the faithful and Caliph.

In 750, the Abbasids faced a threat from the Caliph Marwan II himself marching his army against the rebels. The Abbasid and the Umayyad armies met in the Great Zab River where the former dealt a decisive blow against the latter. The Abbasid victory forced Caliph Marwan II to flee, first to Harran, a city near the modern borders of Turkey and Iraq, and then to Egypt. In Egypt he was captured and executed by Abbasid supporters. Those responsible for Marwan II’s death sent his head, Caliphal staff and ring back to the new Abbasid Caliph Abu al-Abbas.

With the death of the Marwan II, Damascus and other Umayyad strongholds in Syria surrendered. The tombs of the Umayyad caliphs desecrated. Caliph Abu al-Abbas, however, believed his position as precarious as long as other Umayyad princes remained.Tales recounted al-Abbas ended the threat through a banquet. A banquet where he invited the family members of the Umayyad. Then, he treacherously ordered the killings of the members while he enjoyed the food of the feast. The act cemented his nickname As-Saffah – the Blood-shedder. But 1 Umayyad prince escaped the slaughter, Prince Abdul Rahman ibn Muawiya.

He fled Syria and then into North Africa before crossing the Strait of Gibraltar and into the Emirate of Cordoba. There he established a renegade Emirate and later Caliphate – the Cordoba Caliphate. Making the most western province of the Islamic Empire the last bastion of Umayyad Caliphate.  

The latitudinal extent of India is 3214 km from north to south. This spread of this extension is advantageous to the country in the following ways :

(i)The southern part of the country lies within the tropics while the northern part lies in temperate or sub-tropic zone. These variation in the climates is useful for the agricultural activities.

(ii)The latitudinal extension is responsible for large variations in land forms, soil types and vegetation in the country.

(iii)Different types of forests are found in the country due to the north-south latitudinal extension.

Frank continues to talk and ask about Crocker-Harris but maintains the dignity of a teacher. When Taplow gets carried away and speaks a bit disrespectfully, Frank points it out. He seems to want to know what kind of a person Crocker-Harris is.

The most basic functions of a computer are to take input through the input input, process it using the CPU and produce an output through the output units. This process can be represented with the help of the Input – Process – Output cycle (IPO cycle). Every task hendled by the computer follows this cycle. The working of this cycle can be stated as follows:

i. Input is supplied through the input peripherals

ii. The supplied input is read and is then processed by the CPU

iii. The processed data is then output through the output devices

Town Planning: The discovery of the Sumerian city of Ur has shed light on the lives of the early Mesopotamians. The Mesopotamian cities fell short in terms of town planning as compared to the Harappan centres but followed a uniform pattern nevertheless. The city was divided into three parts - the sacred area, the walled city on a mound and the outer town. The sacred area consisted of the temple tower or the ziggurat dedicated to the patron god of the city. There were also smaller temples of other gods. This area also had the storehouse as well as the offices. People resided in the walled city and the outer town areas. Houses were constructed along the streets, and each house had a central courtyard with rooms attached around it.

Cell: Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organism. Just as bricks is unit structure of house.

Each cell is capable of performing a basic function of life. Such as reproduction, respiration, excretion, growth, and so on.

The combined views of Schleiden and Schwann led to the formulation of the cell theory.

    The cell theory is also known as the cell doctrine or cell principle. It state:
1.All living organisms’ are made up of cells and their products.

2. All cells arise from pre- existing cell.

3. Cells are the structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

4. Cell is hereditary cells.

5. All cells are basically alike in chemical composition and metabolic activities.

6. Life passes from one generation to other generation in the form of a living cell.

भाव-सौंदर्य – इस पद में मीरा की भक्ति अपनी चरम सीमा पर है। मीरा ने अपने आँसुओं के जल से सींचकर- सींचकर कृष्ण रूपी प्रेम की बेल बोई है और अब उस प्रेमरूपी बेल में फल आने शुरू हो गए हैं अर्थात् मीरा को अब आनंदाभूति होने लगी है।
शिल्प-सौंदर्य – भाषा मधुर, संगीतमय और राजस्थान मिश्रित भाषा है। ‘सींची-सींची’ में पुनरुक्ति प्रकाश अलंकार है। प्रेम-बेलि बोयी, आणंद-फल, अंसुवन जल में सांगरूपक अलंकार का बड़ी ही कुशलता से प्रयोग किया गया है।

Not only sport trainer but a player should also have knowledge of anatomy and physiology, he can improve his sport skill according to the sport event by knowing the capacity of his body.

yes, there can be democracy without election but it not really possible .
it is not possible for everyone to sit together and discuss all the related problems and it is also impossible for everyone to know about every topic of discussion .
therefore , election is taken as the best way to do so

खेल पत्रकारिता से आपका क्या अभिप्राय है ?

खेलों से सम्बन्धित सूचनाएँ एकत्र कर समाचार पत्र-पत्रिकाओं के लिए सामग्री उपलब्ध कराना ऐसे शारीरिक शिक्षक व व्यक्तियों जिनमें बोलने व लिखने की प्रतिभा होती है, वे खेल पत्रकारिता में अपना कैरियर बना सकते हैं।

Unification: It is the act of unifying the different laws valid for different phenomena in to a single theory that explains all the different phenomena.

Eg.  Electricity, magnetism and light are different phenomena and have different laws of physics for each of them. These are unified under theory of electromagnetism;

Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with elements and compounds composed of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other substances.