Data is the information in the inexperienced or disordered information such as letters, symbols, or numbers that apply to, or picture, positions, opinions, or objects. Primary, or "statistical" are the kind of data that are managed essentially for producing official statistics and introduce analytical surveys and statistics. Statistical specialists relate to data that are managed for some certain expectations and include statistics and officially transferred reviews. Non-statistical references refer to the data that are obtained for other regulatory expectations or the individual sector.

आदर्श माध्य की विशेषताएँ :

• यह सुस्पष्ट परिभाषित होना चाहिए :
  माध्य को स्पष्टतः परिभाषित होना चाहिए जिससे कि उसका केवल एक ही अर्थ लगाया जा सके।
• यह समझने में सरल तथा गणना करने में आसान होना चाहिए :
  माध्य ऐसा होना चाहिए कि वह समझने में सरल तथा गणना करने में आसान हो।
• यह सभी मूल्यों पर आधारित होना चाहिए :
  अच्छे माध्य को श्रेणी के सभी मूल्यों पर आधारित होना चाहिए।: इसके बिना माध्य समंक श्रेणी का सही प्रतिनिधि नहीं बन सकेगा।
• यह चरम मूल्यों (अधिकतम/न्यूनतम) से कम प्रभावित होना चाहिए :
  किसी भी समंक श्रेणी अत्यधिक छोटे व अत्यधिक बड़े मूल्यों का माध्य पर प्रभाव न्यूनतम होना चाहिए।
• यह अन्य बीजगणितीय विवेचन में आसान होना चाहिए :
  एक अच्छे सांख्यिकीय माध्य में कुछ ऐसी गणितीय विशेषताएँ होनी चाहिए कि उससे आगे बीजगणितीय विवेचन संभव हो सके। जैसे यदि हमें कुछ समूहों के मध्य मूल्य और आवृत्ति ज्ञात है तो उनसे उन समूहों का सामूहिक माध्य ज्ञात किया जा सकता है।

बहुलक के दो गुण 

• यह अति सीमान्त पदों से प्रभावित नहीं होता।
• कभी-कभी एक समूह में दो-या-दो से अधिक बहुलके भी हो सकते हैं।

बहुलक के दो दोष 

• सभी पदों पर आधारित न होने के कारण इसका बीजीय विवेचन सम्भव नहीं है।
• कभी-कभी एक समूह में दो-या-दो से अधिक बहुलक भी हो सकते हैं।

 Given density of aqueous solution is 1.41 gm/ml of which 69% is nitric acid (HNO3).

So, 69% of 1.41 => 1.41 x 69/100 = 0.9729

Density of Nitric Acid = 0.9729 gm/ml

Now, Density = Mass/Volume. So,

0.9729 = Mass of HNO3/1000ml

Mass of HNO3 = 972.9 gm

No. of moles of HNO3 = Mass of HNO3/Molar mass of HNO3

                                       = 972.9/63                

                                       = 15.44 mol.

So Molarity of HNO3 = No. of moles of HNO3/Volume of Solution

                                    = 15.44/1 L

                                    = 15.44 M

(Note) : We find molarity because in the question it is asked to moles per litre which is molarity(M).

The correlation coefficient is a statistical measure of the strength of the relationship between the relative movements of two variables. The values range between -1.0 and 1.0. A calculated number greater than 1.0 or less than -1.0 means that there was an error in the correlation measurement.

Parsec is an astronomical unit of measurement which is commonly used in galactic or extra galactic scales.

It is defined as the distance of an astronomical object from the Sun which has a parallax of 1 arcsecond.

For example

The distance between the Sun and the star Proxima Centauri is around 1.29 Parsecs.

1 Parsec = 3.08567758 × 10¹⁶ meters

Q : Find the equation of the set of points P, the sum of whose distances from A (4, 0, 0) and B (-4, 0, 0) is equal to 10?

Answer:

Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra, Satluj, Alaknanda, Gandak, Kosi etc are Himalayan rivers

A microscope using suitable photons is employed to locate an electron in an atom within a distance of 0.1Å. What is the uncertainty involved in the measurement of its velocity?

According to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.


Substituting the values in expression (1), we have

• The atmosphere protects the Earth from the solar radiation. It filters the harmful ultraviolet rays of the Sun.
• The atmosphere traps the required heat of the Sun and allows the rest to escape into space, thus maintaining a moderate temperature on the Earth. This ensures the existence of various life forms.
• Due to the friction created in the atmosphere, many meteors and meteorites get burned in the atmosphere, which would have otherwise fallen on to the surface of the Earth.
• Because of the difference in the temperature of the atmosphere, air gets circulated causing winds and the rains. All forms of life depend on these phenomena. 
• Soil absorbs nitrogen and oxygen which is present in the atmosphere. This helps plants to grow.
• The water cycle takes place due to the processes of evaporation, condensation and precipitation. Water vapour, which is a part of the atmosphere, condenses to form clouds resulting in rainfall.

Configuration is an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form, figure, or combination.
e.g. What's the configuration of PC?

Conformation is any of the spatial arrangements which the atoms in a molecule may adopt and freely convert between, especially by rotation about individual single bonds.
e.g. a change of DNA conformation induced by binding of RNA polymerase