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1. The earliest cities emerged around temples, some cities developed as centres of trade and some were imperial cities.Early settlers began to build and rebuild temples at selected spots in their villages.
2.  The earliest known temple was a small shrine made of unbaked bricks. Temples were the residences of various gods: Moon God and sun God or the Goddess of Love and War.
3. Temples became larger over time, with several rooms around open courtyards. Some of the early ones were possibly not unlike the ordinary house but temples always had their outer walls going in and out at regular intervals, which no ordinary building ever had.
4. The god was the focus of worship: to him or her people brought grain, curd and fish. The god was also the theoretical owner of the agricultural fields,the fisheries, and the herds of the local community.

1. 1. In Mesopotamian society the nuclear family was the norm,although a married son and his family often resided with his parents.The father was the head of the family.
   2. We know a little about the procedures for marriage. A declaration was made about the willingness to marry by the bride’s parents. When the wedding took place, gifts were exchanged by both parties, who ate together and made offerings in a temple.
   3. Ur was one of the earliest cities to have been excavated in Mesopotamia. Narrow winding streets indicate that wheeled carts could not have reached many of the houses. Sacks of grain and firewood would have arrived on donkey-back. Narrow winding streets and the irregular shapes of house plots also indicate an absence of town planning.
   4.  There were no street drains of the kind we find in contemporary Mohenjo-daro. Drains and clay pipes were instead found in the inner courtyards of the Ur houses and it is thought that house roofs sloped inwards and rainwater was channeled via the drainpipes into sump sin the inner courtyards.
   5. Yet people seem to have swept all their household refuses into the streets, to be trodden underfoot!This made street levels rise, and over time the thresholds of houses had also to be raised so that no mud would flow inside after the rains.
   6. Light came into the rooms not from windows but from doorways opening into the courtyards: this would also havegiven families their privacy.

Pyruvic acid is first altered in the transition reaction by removal of a carbon and two oxygens (which form carbon dioxide). When the carbon dioxide is removed, energy is given off, and NAD+ is converted into the higher energy form NADH. Coenzyme A attaches to the remaining 2-C (acetyl) unit, forming acetyl Co-A. Pyruvic acid supplies energy to living cells through the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration); when oxygen is lacking, it ferments to produce lactic acid. Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry.

Cellular respiration has three main steps: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, where oxygen is used. Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration, and it occurs in the main compartment of the cell: the cytoplasm. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration. In the absence of oxygen, only a few ATP are produced from glucose.

The respiratory quotient (or RQ or respiratory coefficient), is a dimensionless number used in calculations of basal metabolic rate (BMR) when estimated from carbon dioxide production. It is calculated from the ratio of carbon dioxide produced by the body to oxygen consumed by the body. The respiratory quotient (RQ) measures the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide (Vc) produced by an organism to the volume of oxygen consumed (Vo). This is represented by the following equation: This quotient is useful because the volumes of CO2 and O2 produced depends on which fuel source is being metabolized.

A colloid is a mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles are suspended throughout another substance. However, some definitions specify that the particles must be dispersed in a liquid, and others extend the definition to include substances like aerosols and gels.

According to Mr.Koch, Albert is the most intelligent student and also has great ability as well as knowledge.

Apart from that, he is most brilliant student in the class in subject of maths.

Overall, he is so intelligent that he soon can be able to teach his own teacher due to his ability.

The civilization of the Indus River at Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa arose at about 2500 BCE and ended with apparent destruction about 1500 BCE. It is uncertain whether this civilization had its roots in Sumer or Sumer had its roots in this civilization Mohenjo-daro is another major city of the same period, located in Sindh province of Pakistan. One of its most well-known structures is the Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro Mohenjo-daro is located west of the Indus River in Larkana District, Sindh, Pakistan, in a central position between the Indus River and the Ghaggar-Hakra River. It is situated on a Pleistocene ridge in the middle of the flood plain of the Indus River Valley, around 28 kilometres (17 mi) from the town of Larkana.

the most respectable professions ever in India is it depends on what type of society were belonging to. the most respectable profession in India is civil services. it's like all your sins are forgotten and you like 'see him son, you be like him' in the society

Classification of Fungi