Square root of a number is a value, which on multiplied by itself gives the original number.  Suppose, x is the square root of y, then it is represented as x=√y or we can express the same equation as x² = y. Here, ’√’   is the radical symbol used to represent the root of numbers. The positive number, when multiplied by itself, represents the square of the number. The square root of the square of a positive number gives the original number.

A process which under some conditions may take place by itself or by initiation independent of the rate is called spontaneous process.

A process which can take place by itself or has an urge or tendency to take place is called spontaneous process.

A spontaneous process is simply a process which is feasible.

The rate of the process may vary from extremely slow to extremely fast.

Examples of processes which take place by themselves :

1) Dissolution of common salt in water

2) Evaporation of water in an open vessel

A process which can neither take place by itself nor by initiation is called a non spontaneous process.

For Example

1) Flow of water up a hill

2) Flow of heat from cold body to a hot body

3) Diffusion of gas from low pressure to a high pressure

4) Dissolution of sand in water

Pleura is a structure that covers up the lungs. It has two layers which is been separated by the pleura cavity. Pleura cavity is also called a pleura space, which is mainly the thin and fluid-filled space present between the two pulmonary pleura. Mainly the visceral pleura receives all its blood supply from the bronchial circulation, which is also a supplier of the lungs. The visceral pleura which is responsible for covering the lungs receives the innervations from the autonomic nervous system.

The two main characteristics of PPC are:

1. Slopes downwards to the right: PPC slopes downwards from left to right. It is because in a situation of fuller utilisation of the given resources, production of both the goods cannot be increased simultaneously. More of commodity A can be produced only with less production of commodity B.
2. Concave to the point of origin: It is because to produce each additional unit of commodity A, more and more units of commodity B will have to be sacrificed. Opportunity cost of producing every additional unit of commodity A tends to increase in terms of the loss of production of commodity B. Production will act upon the law of increasing marginal opportunity cost.

Literal meaning

Physical = related to body
education = knowledge

Thus,

Physical Education is knowledge about the body. In this subject, we read about various activities which are necessary for development and growth of the body.

There are so many definitions about Physical education given by various experts.

According to Oberteuffer, <i>Physical Education is the sum of those experiences which comes to individual through movements.</i>

According to J.B.Nash, <i>Physical Education is that phase of the whole field of the education that deals with big muscle activities and their related responses.</i>

According to H.C. Buck, <i>Physical education is the part of general education programme, which is considered wit growth, development and education of children through the medium of big muscle activities. Physical activities are the tools. They are so selected and conducted as to influence every child's life physically, mentally, emotionally and morally.</i>

According to Charles A Bucher, <i>Physical education is an integral part of the total educational process and has as its aim the development physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially fit citizens through the medium of physical activities which have been selected with a view to realizing these outcomes.</i>

According to C.C.Cowell, <i>Physical education is the social process of change in the behavior of the human organism, originating primarily from the stimulus of social big-muscle play and related activities.</i>

According to American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation (AAHPER),
<i>Physical education is a way of education through physical activities which are selected and carried on with full regard to values in human growth, development, and behavior.</i>

Suggested Notes

Title: Pollution / Effects of Pollution / Global Impact of Pollution / Any other suitable title)

1. Effects of polln. (in S. E. Asia)

1.1 cuts sunlight – 10% in India

1.2 damages agri.

1.3 modifies rainfall patterns

1.4 people at risk / hindering eco. growth

2. Findings of UNEP

2.1 blanket of polln. across S. E. Asia

2.2 growth may falter

2.3 might reduce winter rice harvest

3. Research about India

3.1 acid rains damage crops & trees

3.2 ash on leaves reduces sunlight

3.3 respiratory diseases

3.4 2400 premature deaths

3.5 N. W. India drying up due to drought

4. Far-reaching global impact

4.1 esp. in India, China, Indonesia due to

• popu. density
• economic growth
• depleting forest cover

4.2 effect

• haze disrupts weather system
• triggers drought in West Asia

Demand curve slope downwards as because the individual buys more of a commodity at lower price. Hence, because of the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded, the demand curve slope downward. Demand graph indicates that the quantity demanded of a product gets increased when the price falls, other things remaining constant.The consumer demand as a function of price is q=d(p). It states that quantity demanded changes when the price of the product varies.

Mr. Gessler is the youngest of the two Gessler brothers and the protagonist of John Galsworhty's short story, Quality.He is described as a passionate and hard working shoemaker.

Physical appearance: Mr. Gessler has been described as a 'little',short-statured man "as if made from leather". His face was pale with lots of wrinkles and reddish hair and beard .He was a man of honest and integrity. He never compromised on quality and excellence, even if it meant more work , dwindling customers and profits.He always used the best leather and took as much time as required to make a perfect pair of shoes. He lived his entire life in a small tenement where he worked and sold his goods. All his profits went in giving the rent and buying the best quality leather. In his mind, his commitment to his work and the satisfaction of his customers far outweighed his own needs. He finally died of"slow starvation".

Mr. Gessler is the youngest of the two Gessler brothers and the protagonist of John Galsworhty's short story, Quality.He is described as a passionate and hard working shoemaker.

Physical appearance: Mr. Gessler has been described as a 'little',short-statured man "as if made from leather". His face was pale with lots of wrinkles and reddish hair and beard .He was a man of honest and integrity. He never compromised on quality and excellence, even if it meant more work , dwindling customers and profits.He always used the best leather and took as much time as required to make a perfect pair of shoes. He lived his entire life in a small tenement where he worked and sold his goods. All his profits went in giving the rent and buying the best quality leather. In his mind, his commitment to his work and the satisfaction of his customers far outweighed his own needs. He finally died of"slow starvation".

Quantitative Data : We havequantitative data, if the variables can be measured in numerical terms. For example, daily temperature, height and weight of individuals, price and income, etc. are quantitative variables. Their values can be expressed numerically.

Qualitative Data : Sometimes, it is not possible to measure variables numerically, in the same straight forward manner as heights and weights of individuals, or prices of commodities, or income of individuals. For example, attitudes of people to a political system, intelligence of individuals and their aptitudes towards music and art, beauty of individuals or some objects (like flowers, gardens etc.) cannot be numerically measured. However, we may rank them according to the quality of their attributes.

Forests that are found in the tidal areas and the delta regions are known as the tidal forests. Two types of trees found here are sundari trees and gorjantrees.

The poem ‘Now the leaves are falling fast’ is composed by W.H. Auden.
This poem is about nature.

Poets see autumn as the arrival of old age and death of humans
He is talking about the frustrations inherent in human life, which a human being carries while living and eventually dies.

The poet says that we humans are like travelers who are getting old, tired and heading towards the cemetery.
The poet says that when the leaves fall from the trees, the forests become lifeless.
The cuckoo becomes dumb.

In the same way, a man is burdened with his unfulfilled desires, becomes physically weak and inactive and finally gets separated from the crowd of people.

But the poet shows an optimistic view that when we come to the end of our life we ​​hear the sweet sound of the springs.
Thus we see that this poem is a mixture of pessimism and optimism.

To designate an orbital n,l and m quantum numbers are required and s represents the (spin ) of the electron present in the orbital.