The First World War which began in 1914 was different from all the other previous wars. It was fought by several nations and affected almost all countries. New methods of defence and destruction were used in it. Because of the extent of the spread of the war, damages caused by it and the total impact of the war was till now unprecedented in history, it came to be known as the First World War.

Under the Constitution, the Rajya Sabha has been vested with two special powers.

1. Under article 249, the Rajya Sabha may declare the resolution, passed by two-third majority of its members present and voting, that is necessary or expedient in the national interest that Parliament should make laws with respect to any matter enumerated in the State List.

2. (i) Rajya-Sabha is competent to create one or more All India Services if it passes a resolution by two-third majority.

(ii) Rajya-Sabha alone can initiate the proposal for removing the Vice-President.

The facts about the suspensive veto power of the Indian President are given below:

• The bill is kept pending by the President for an indefinite period when he exercises his pocket veto.
• He neither rejects the bill nor returns the bill for reconsideration.
• Constitution does not give any time-limit to President within which he has to act upon the bill. Therefore, the President uses his pocket veto where he doesn’t have to act upon the bill.
• Unlike the American President who has to resend the bill within 10 days, the Indian President has no such time-rule.

Half-filled atomic orbitals containing electrons with opposite spin.

Only the electrons present in the outer shell, also known as the valence electrons take part in the formation of chemical bonds.

During the first visit, ​Mrs Dorling had not given any sign of recognition upon seeing the narrator. She had kept staring at her in silence which led the narrator to think that she might have come there by mistake. The narrator had only seen Mrs. Dorling once before this meeting, fleetingly and years ago. The woman was wearing the narrator's mother's green knitted cardigan, the wooden buttons rather pale from washing and was half hidden behind the door. 

Khelo India Programme is a national yojana/scheme for the development of sports in India. It was launched in the year 2018 by the then Sports Minister Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore in Delhi. This program has been launched to improve the sports culture in India.

Aimed at mainstreaming sports as a tool for national development, economic development, community development and individual development, the Union Cabinet approved the execution of the revamped ‘Khelo India’ program by consolidating the ‘Rajiv Gandhi Khel Abhiyan’ (formerly called the ‘Yuva Krida & Khel Abhiyan’), the ‘Urban Sports Infrastructure Scheme’ and the National Sports Talent Search System Programme’. The program strives to promote “Sports for Excellence” as well as “Sports for All”.

Civilization comes from the Latin word 'civis' meaning someone who lives in a town. When people are civilised, they live in large well-organised groups like town, not in small  tirbes or isolated family groups. In civilisations, people live together in communities and grow crops. 

Its written only. See 

True

Yes

Ha

Sahi

True

1. Inclusion in physical education increases social skills of students with disabilities.
2. Inclusion is needed to increase motor skills of students with disabilities.
3. A disabled student gets equal chance to participate in age-appropriate activities so, it increases the confidence level.
4. Typical students get a chance to increase friendships with disabled children.
5. Inclusive education provides an opportunity for typical students to go beyond tolerance to acceptance and advocacy.
6. Inclusive education enables a student to increase their knowledge and acceptance based on the “contact theory”. Through frequency, meaningful and pleasant interactions, changes in attitude can occur.

Inclusion in education refers to a model wherein students with special needs spend most or all of their time with non-special (general education) needs students. ... Inclusion rejects but still provides the use of special schools or classrooms to separate students with disabilities from students without disabilities.

The term finance means money or fund. The requirements of funds by business to carry out its various activities is called business finance. Finance is needed at every stage in the life of a business. A business cannot function unless adequate funds are made available to it.

वंशीधर का ऐसा करना उचित नहीं था। मैं अलोपीदीन के प्रति कृतज्ञता दिखाते हुए उन्हें नौकरी के लिए मना कर देता क्योंकि लोगों पर जुल्म करके कमाई हुई बेईमानी की कमाई की रखवाली करना मेरे आदर्शों के विरुद्ध है।

Statement of Purpose – Sociology

In the modern world, in which cultures and countries are increasingly interconnected, it is essential to have a firm understanding of various world cultures. With this in mind, I am eager to undertake advanced studies of sociology overseas, learning more about this subject while also experiencing daily life in a new environment. I have always been driven to explore the world and learn more about how societies function on a macro-scale, and I was thus very excited when I found the MA in Sociology program at XXX University. I am encouraged by the curriculum, professors, and resources available in your institution, and I am inspired to devote myself to advanced studies of Sociology. Having done some research into the content of this program, I strongly believe that it will allow me to strengthen my analytical skills, whilst inspiring me and giving me the opportunity to develop my ideas.

As an undergraduate in Goodwell University, majoring in Foreign Languages and Literature, I learned a great deal, both academically and in daily life. In this major, I acquired much useful professional knowledge and confirmed my strong interests in different societies and cultures by taking the required courses, including courses focusing on American literature, European literature, and the literature of different Asian countries. In addition to the required courses, I also took elective courses related to sociology, gender issues, communication and negotiation, and various language courses. Our instructors often shared with us their own practical foreign experiences which influenced me considerably and reinforced my determination to pursue studies abroad. I am drawn to the UK by its rich culture, beautiful landscapes and unique historical legacy. Although my university studies are not directly to my proposed major, I am confident that my passion and diligence will enable me to take full advantage of the education you offer and successfully complete my studies.

With regard to my future plans, I hope to take advantage of my time studying in your MA in Sociology program to strengthen my background in the field, and I especially hope to focus on the area of Women’s Studies. After completion of the MA in Sociology program, I hope to enter the Ph.D. program to conduct further research. As for my long-term goals, after completing my postgraduate education I hope to return to my native country and apply my skills and expertise to make beneficial contributions to the field of sociology and the culture in general. I hope to combine my personal interest with the education and practical knowledge gained from your program to help advance the field of sociology in my country. The MA in Sociology offered by your school is integral to my goals, and I therefore sincerely hope that you will give me a chance to develop my skills and further reinforce my capabilities in your esteemed department.

A person under the 'veil of ignorance' is unaware of her/his possible position and status in the society therefore s/he would rationally decide from the point of view of the worst-off.
It would be sensible in this situation for everyone to ensure that all resources are available equally to all persons.

Doing Sociology: Research Methods class 11 Notes Sociology

• Sociological research can provide explanations for issues that affect us both as individuals and as members of larger groups.
• It can help us to make the links between personal troubles and public issues, understanding, for example, how your social background can affect your educational attainment and why people in some countries die from diseases that have long since been eradicated in other parts of the world, etc.
• People hold a vast range of views on social issues, such as why certain people become criminals, why women are massively underrepresented in positions of power in the political and business world, and why fewer people attend religious services now than in the past.
• The findings of sociological research should help lessen the misconceptions and prejudices that often form the basis of commonsense views on many important social issues.
• Sociological research produces facts, knowledge, ideas, etc. Each of these has a particular meaning but can be seen as dimensions of a larger concept that is ‘evidence’. Evidence can be referred to as information that supports a statement. It can also be seen as a form of knowledge derived from various sources. Thus, sociological knowledge is derived from research.

Steps in Research Process

1. Selecting a topic and defining a problem: It relates to what a sociologist wants to know about. The selection may depend on the sociologist’s personal interest, relevance and even availability of funds.
   The selected topic is defined in the form of a problem/a puzzle/question. This puzzle represents a gap in knowledge or understanding. For example, within the topic a lot of research questions can be framed, how far does the economic position of women lag behind that of men or does education lead to better *** ratio etc.
2. Review of secondary literature: Here the sociologist familiarises himself/herself with existing literature on that topic. This literature could be in the form of books, journals, studies, newspaper articles etc. It helps the researcher sharpen his own research questions and also helps in making his own research questionnaire as well as the interview questions.
3. Formulating the hypothesis: Hypothesis is an educated guess about what is going on. The hypothesis tries to answer the research questions before the data collection on the basis of the secondary review of literature. The factual material gathered will provide evidence either supporting or disapproving the hypothesis.
4. Choosing the research method: Any one or a combination of one or more research methods can be used. There are a number of research methods and techniques of data collection such as surveys, observation, case study and interview. The choice of research method or technique depends on a number of factors:
   (a) The nature of research question being asked.
   (b) The time and resources available to researcher.
   (c) Size of community that needs to be studied.
   (d) Preferences of the researcher while some researchers are more comfortable with statistical method and others are more comfortable with anthropological method.
5. Collecting the data and recording the information: The data that is collected needs to be both valid and reliable. It should be valid to the problem that the researcher seeks to find answer for.
6. Analysing the result: It is at this step that the hypothesis is tested. Analysis of the result requires specific technique ranging from statistical analysis to content analysis.
7. Sharing the result: The final report is written or published and shared with other social scientists. This stimulates ideas for further research.

Methodological issues in social research

Objectivity

• It is difficult to be objective because human world cannot be studied in isolation. Human beings may develop bias views and influence the thinking about the group as being a part of it.
• The researcher who carries the research will also have his/her own values and prejudices about the social context they are studying and this may present as difficulty while gathering objective information.
• Since the problem of objectivity cannot be eliminated, a social researcher should try and reduce the problem of objectivity in the following ways:

1. By rigorously and continuously examining one’s own idea and feelings about the subject of research.
2. Through reflexivity: By taking an outsider’s perspective on the work and looking at the research through the eyes of others.
3. By consciously adopting the views of those who are the subjects of research.
4. Making a careful documentation of what one is doing, all procedures undertaken and formal citing of all sources of evidence
5. Objectivityshouldbeapproachedasthegoalofacontinuousongoingprocessandnotasan already achieved end result.

The expression for rigid body’s “rotational kinetic energy” is 

SOLUTION:

A body undergoing a rotational dynamics with angular velocity ω will also poses a translational motion. Let the velocity for translation motion be ‘’v’’.

We know for translational motion the energy poses by body is kinetic and given as

Also we know that for a body obeying rotation  

v=rω

Substituting in translation

Also there is a relation for moment of inertia i.e 

Substituting we get,

Born Haber process or more commonly referred to as Born Haber cycle is a method that allows us to observe and analyze energies in a reaction. It mainly helps in describing the formation of ionic compounds from different elements. The methodology further enables us to understand the overall reaction process through a series of steps.

Born-Haber cycle was introduced in the year 1919 by German scientists named Fritz Haber and Max Born. Born Haber cycle is mainly used to calculate the lattice energy. It also involves several steps or processes such as electron affinity, ionization energy, sublimation energy, the heat of formation and dissociation energy

∆rH for a reaction is defined as the difference between ∆fH value of products and ∆fH value of reactants.

∆H is negative for exothermic reactions which evolve heat during the reaction and∆H is positive for endothermic reactions which absorb heat from the surroundings.

Motion of a car on a banked road

In the vertical direction (Y axis)

Ncosϴ = fsinϴ + mg --------------------(i)

In horizontal direction (X axis)

fcosϴ + Nsinϴ = mv²/r  ----------------(ii)

Since we know that f      μ_sN   

For maximum velocity, f = μ_sN

(i)becomes:

       Ncosϴ = μ_sNsinϴ + mg

Or, Ncosϴ - μ_sNsinϴ = mg

Or, N = mg/(cosϴ- μ_ssinϴ)

Put the above value of N in (ii)

μ_sNcosϴ + Nsinϴ = mv²/r 

μ_smgcosϴ/(cosϴ- μ_ssinϴ) + mgsinϴ/(cosϴ- μ_ssinϴ) = mv²/r 

mg (sinϴ + μ_scosϴ)/ (cosϴ - μ_ssinϴ) = mv²/r 

Divide the Numerator & Denominator by cosϴ, we get

v² = Rg (tanϴ +μ_s) /(1- μ_s tanϴ)

v = √ Rg (tanϴ +μ_s) /(1- μ_s tanϴ)

This is the miximum speed of a car on a banked road.

Special case:

When the velocity of the car = v₀ ,

• No f is needed to provide the centripetal force. (μ_s =0)
• Little wear & tear of tyres take place.

             v_o = √ Rg (tanϴ)

 Problem: A circular racetrack of radius 300 m is banked at an angle of 15°. If the coefficient of friction between the wheels of a race-car and the road is 0.2, what is the

 (a) optimum speed of the racecar to avoid wear and tear on its tyres, and

(b) maximum permissible speed to avoid slipping ?

 Solution.

R = 300m

ϴ = 15^o

μ_s  = 0.2

• v_o = √ Rg tanϴ

      = √300 * 9.8 * tan 15^o

      = 28.1 m/s

• v_max = √ Rg (tanϴ +μ_s) /(1- μ_s tanϴ)

             = √ 300 * 9.8 * (0.2 + tan 15^o)/(1-0.2tan15^o)

             = 38.1 m/s

Newton’s second law of motion states that the force exerted by a body is directly proportional to the rate of change of its momentum. For a body of mass ‘m’, whose velocity changes from u to v in time t, when force ‘F’ is applied.

Three dimensions of equality are: Economic, Social and Political Equality.

Political equality means granting equal citizenship to all members of the state. equal citizenship provides certain basic rights such as right to vote, freedom of expression,  movement and association and freedom of belief to everybody. They can participate in the affairs of the country. 

Social equality means provision of equality in society. Equality of oppurtunites need to be provided so that minimum quality of life can be achieved.

Economic equality means granting equal economic oppurtunities to all.