The two causes of urbanisation are natural population increase and rural to urban migration. Urbanisation affects all sizes of settlements from small villages to towns to cities, leading up to the growth of mega-cities which have more than ten million people. Causes of urbanization include: Industrial Growth: The explosion of industrialization and manufacturing enterprises within a certain urban area gives rise to more employment opportunities — which is another factor of urbanization. Employment: Rural areas commonly are agricultural.

Legislature is an organ of government to frame laws for the nation alongwith the expression of people’s will, in which all the sections of society participate.

Aram and Mourad are the two characters of summer of a beautiful horse. Aram is known as a narrator of this story. He is extremely mindful and also understands the financial conditions of the house. Mourad is the cousin of the Aram who has a passion for horse and also has compelling to the horse.

A prospectus is a formal legal document, which is required by and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, that provides details about an investment offering for sale to the public. A prospectus should contain the facts that an investor needs to make an informed investment decision.

The importance of aids to trade Transport

In the modern times there is a vast distance between centers of production and the centers of consumption. This difficulty is removed by an important aid to trade known as Transport.

Transport creates place utility.

There are several types of transport such as Air, Water and Land transport. The geographical distance between producers and consumers is removed with the help of transport.

<a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/_iFIztPmvqg8/TXJV5FjgnDI/AAAAAAAAEOw/RKmpA0ZQjco/Types-of-Transport.png" imageanchor="1" rel="lightbox-What-Are-Aids-To-Trade" title="Types of transport"></a>

The three main modes of transport:

1. Land:
   1. Road
   2. Railyway
2. Water:
   1. River
   2. Sea
   3. Canals
3. Air:
   1. Airway

a ns w  e r
Energy is involved in a chemical change because of formation and breakdown of bonds. In exothermic reactions energy is released and in endothermic reactions energy is taken in.

Weak Nuclear Force: This force appears only in certain nuclear processes such as the β-decay of a nucleus. In β-decay, the nucleus emits an electron and an uncharged particle called neutrino.This particle was first predicted by Wolfgang Pauli in 1931.

The Parliament consists of two houses i.e. Lol Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house with a maximum strength of 552 members, out of which 530 members represent the State, 20 members represent the Union Territories and 2 members from the Anglo-Indian community. 

The important functions of the Lok Sabha are:

1) Legislative Function: The primary function of Parliament is a law making function. Lok Sabha plays an important part. It can pass bills concerning to all those subject which have been included in Union and Concurrent list. No bill can become law unless it has been passed by Lok Sabha. In case of any disagreement between the two Houses, the will of Lok Sabha will prevail in joint sitting with the Rajya Sabha because Lok Sabha has more members than Rajya Sabha.

2) Financial Power: The power of control over the finances by the Lok Sabha is powerful. The money bill has to be introduced in the Lok Sabha first, and when passed by the Lok Sabha it is to be transmitted to Rajya Sabha for the recommendation. It is upon the Lok Sabha to accept or not to accepts the recommendations. The Lok Sabah alone has the exclusive power of sanctioning all government expenditures.

3) Executive Control: The Constitution provides that ' Council of Ministers are collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.' Thus, the Government is accountable to the Lok Sabha for its acts. It is only the Lok Sabha which can pass a no-confidence vote against the Council of Ministers and force them to resign. 

4) Electoral Function: The Lok Sabha members are part of the electoral college for the election of President. The members of Lok Sabha also elect the Vice-President. It elects the Speaker and Deputy Speaker. 

There are more other functions of the Lok Sabha like redressal of grievances, judicial functions and miscellaneous functions.

तातुश सज्जन प्रवृत्ति के अधेड़ अवस्था के शिक्षक हैं, वे दयालु हैं तथा करुण भाव से युक्त हैं। जब बेबी उनके घर काम करने आई तो उन्होंने उसके काम की प्रशंसा की। वे उसे अपनी बेटी के समान समझते थे। वे उसे कदम-कदम पर प्रोत्साहित करते थे। बेबी की पढ़ने के प्रति रुचि देखकर वे कॉपी व पेन देते हैं तथा उसे लिखने के लिए प्रेरित करते हैं। वे उसके बच्चों को स्कूल में भेजने की व्यवस्था करते हैं। उसका घर टूट जाने के बाद उसे अपने घर में जगह देते हैं। वे उसके बड़े लड़के को ढूँढ़कर उससे मिलवाते हैं तथा बाद में अच्छी जगह पर उसे काम दिलवाते हैं। जब कभी बेबी के बच्चे बीमार होते हैं तो उनका इलाज भी करवाते थे। तातुश बेबी के लेखन को अपने मित्रों के पास भेजते थे। वे कोई ऐसी बात नहीं करते थे जिससे बेबी को ठेस लगे। ऐसे चरित्र समाज में दुर्लभ होते हैं तथा आदर्श रूप प्रस्तुत करते हैं।

 Appellate Jurisdiction: The appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court are of three types: Constitutional, Criminal and Civil.

(a) Constitutional Appeals: A constitutional appeal means an appeal to the Supreme Court against the decision of a High Court for interpretation of the constitution in any case. Such an appeal can be brought to Supreme Court if the High Court certifies that interpretation of the constitution is required in that case or secondary if the Supreme Court grant a special leave of appeal.

(b) Appeal in Civil Cases: As regards the appeals in civil cases, the 30th amendment, 1972 has brought about significant changes. Prior to the 30th amendment appeal to the Supreme Court in civil proceedings against a judgement, decree or final order of a High Court required that the amount or value of subject-matter of the dispute was not less than Rs. 20,000. The 30th amendment sought to do away with the monetary limits for invoking the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

(c) Criminal Appeals: The following criminal cases can be brought to Supreme Court as appeal.

(i) If a criminal is acquitted by a lower court and he is sentenced to death by High Court.

(ii) If a High Court awards death sentence in case which it had taken from a lower court undecided.

(iii)&nbsp;If the High Court certifies that the case is a fit to be taken to the Supreme Court as an appeal.

The Ministry of Law and Justice in the Government of India is a cabinet ministry which deals with the management of the legal affairs, legislative activities and administration of justice in India through its three departments namely the Legislative Department and the Department of Legal Affairs and the Department of Justice respectively

The administration of justice is the process by which the legal system of a government is executed. The presumed goal of such an administration is to provide justice for all those accessing the legal system. First, the fair administration of justice is important for the rule of law in that it ensures state practice and policies protect against the 'infringement of the fundamental human rights to life, liberty, personal security and physical integrity of the person.

Political rights: Political rights are supplemented by several types of civil liberties, i.e. right to express one’s views freely, right to protest, free and fair trial, etc. These rights make the government accountable and ensure an opportunity to each and every individual to influence the decisions of government:

• Political rights provide equality to all citizens.
• Every citizen has the right to participate in political process.
• Political rights provide the right to vote and elect representatives.
• Every citizen enjoys the right to contest elections and right to form political parties.

A judge of the Supreme Court can be removed from his office before his term expires on the ground of incapacity or misbehavior if Parliament approves it by a majority of two-third members of the Parliament (Both the houses) present and voting. Finally, the President exercises the right to remove a judge if impeachment is proved.

(i) The first Mesopotamian tablets, written around 3200 BCE, contained picture-like signs and numbers. These were about 5,000 lists of oxen, fish, bread loaves, etc. - lists of goods that were brought into or distributed from the temples of Uruk, a city in the south.

Clearly, writing began when society needed to keep records of transactions -because in city life transactions occurred at different times, and involved many people and a involved many people and a variety of goods.

(ii) Mesopotamians wrote on tablets of clay. A scribe would wet clay and pat it into a size he could hold comfortably in one hand. He would carefully smoothen its surfaces.

With the sharp end of a reed cut obliquely, he would press wedge-shaped (‘cuneiform) signs on to the smoothened surface while it was still moist. Once dried in the sun, the clay would harden and tablets would be almost as indestructible as pottery. When a written record of, say, the delivery of pieces of metal had ceased to be relevant, the tablet was thrown away.

(iii) Once the surface dried, signs could not be pressed onto a tablet : so each transaction, however minor, required a separate written tablet.

This is why tablets occur by the hundreds at Mesopotamian sites. And it is because of this wealth of sources that we know so much more about Mesopotamia than we do about contemporary India.

(iv) By 2600 BCE or so, the letters became cuneiform, and the language was Sumerian. Writing was now used not only for keeping records, but also for making dictionaries, giving legal validity to land transfers, narrating the deeds of kings, and announcing the changes a king had made in the customary laws of the land.

Sumerian, the earliest known language of Mesopotamia, was gradually replaced after 2400 BCE by the Akkadian language. Cuneiform writing in the Akkadian language continued in use until the first century CE, that is, for more than 2,000 years.

Answer:
Mrs. Fitzgerald encourages Mrs. Pearson to be the mistress in her own house. She acquaints Mrs. Pearson with her rights in the family. She tells her that her husband and children should share her work, the value of her work should be acknowledged by all her family members. Mrs. Pearson is realized of her status in the family. She is told to put her foot down and be the boss of her family. Her family is expected to learn to treat her properly.

Fossils are remains or impressions of organisms that lived in the remote past. Fossils provide the evidence that the present animal have originated from previously existing ones through the process of continuous evolution. Fossils can be used to reconstruct evolutionary history of an organism. The distribution pattern of fossils shows that the ancient fossils present in the bottom rocks are simple, while the most recent fossils found in the upper strata are more highly evolved. It means fossils form and become more and more complex as we proceed from earliest to recent rocks. It gives us an idea of time in history when different species were formed or became extinct. Fossil also help to trace the evolutionary history of some animals.

Mrs Fitzgerald is a neighbour of Mrs Pearson. She is a fortune teller. She learnt this art from the East where her husband had served in the army. She also knows the art of magic. She knows the trick of causing personalities change bodies. Actually, Mrs Fitzgerald presents a sharp contrast to Mrs Pearson. She is bold and dominating while her neighbour is meek and weak.
Mrs Fitzgerald knows that Mrs Pearson is very fond of her children and husband. But they are very thoughtless and selfish. Mrs Pearson runs after them all the time. She takes their orders as if she were the servant in the house. She wants to help Mrs Pearson. She wants to make her the mistress of her own house and the boss of her family. After the spell is spoken the personalities change bodies. Mrs Pearson is now with Mrs Fitzgerald’s personality. She becomes bold and dominating. She starts smoking and drinking.

The spoilt children are shocked and surprised to see the sudden change in their mother. Mrs Pearson takes her daughter Doris to task for not doing her work herself. Doris asks her yellow silk to be ironed and orders for tea. Mrs Pearson refuses to oblige the girl. She also taunts her for choosing a worthless boy-friend. Cyril, the son, also meets the same fate. So does Mr George. She reminds them that all will have a forty-hour week. She will be free at the weekend. She will not do any extra work. She doesn’t get any wages or thanks for it. The dose given by Mrs Fitzgerald to the spoilt children and George brings results. When Mrs Pearson comes to her real self, everybody obeys her. All fall in line to support and follow her.

Owing to their poverty (and immediate need for cash) farmers are often driven to a distressed sale of their produce. But good harvest causes a glut (of supply) in the market. This causes a price-crash. The price may fall so much that the total revenue of the farmer decreases even when his output/sale is more than before.

Owing to their poverty (and immediate need for cash) farmers are often driven to a distressed sale of their produce. But good harvest causes a glut (of supply) in the market. This causes a price-crash. The price may fall so much that the total revenue of the farmer decreases even when his output/sale is more than before.

Here the table and the diagram below shows the following relationship between AP and MP:

• AP increases as long as MP is greater than AP. Till the point p, AP is at maximum.

• AP decreases when MP < AP. Beyond the point p, AP is at its top.

• AP is at its maximum when AP = MP. MP curve cuts AP from above at its maximum.

• MP may be zero or negative, but AP remains positive.

Density = Mass/Volume  = 5.74/1.2 = 4.783 g/cm³ 
Here least significant figure is 2,
so density = 4.8 g/cm³