Pronouns can do all of the things that nouns can do. They can be subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, object of the preposition, and more.

Today, most countries in the world have a Constitution. While all democratic countries are likely to have a Constitution, it is not necessary that all countries that have a Constitution are democratic. There can be several purposes for drafting a constitution, they are: To provide a set of basic rules that allow for minimal coordination amongst members of society. To specify who has the power to make decisions in a society. It decides how the government will be constituted. To set some limits on what a government can impose on its citizens. These limits are fundamental in the sense that government may never trespass on them. To enable the government to fulfil the aspirations of a society and create conditions for a just society. Therefore, it can be understood that the constitution allows coordination and assurance. On the other hand, it can limit the powers of the government.

The ratio of the A.M and G.M. of two positive numbers a and b, is m: n. Show that

a:b=(m+ √(m²-n²)):(m-√(m²-n²))

Answer

Using this in the identity (a – b)² = (a + b)² – 4ab, we obtain

Adding (1) and (2), we obtain

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 Father: Hello Son! That's good I have some free time today. I wish to discuss             with you your plans for the future.  Can we do it now?

Son:     yes, Dad. 

Father:   What interests you ?  What do you want to be? Have you 
               thought about it ?

Son:   Yes. I like academics. I am good in maths and science and also I 
           have secured a good percentage in those subjects. I will take up 
           some career related to them.

Father :   If you allow me, I suggest engineering or medicine, science & 
               research.  What do you say?

Son:       Well, I would like to take up medicine. I like that. It will really be
               helpful to our family too.

Father:       Good decision. I will join you in a good coaching center. It will
                 help you in your   preparation.

Son:       Yeah. I would love to do that. Some of my friends are also thinking
              of joining the good institute near the temple. I will like to join that
              institute.

Father:   But are you ready to put in all that effort? It is not easy. Think  
              once again.  If you want, we will talk to doctor too.

Son:      Thanks for asking me. But, I am sure.

Father:    What do you want to do when you become a doctor?

Son:       Father, I would like to go to Newzeland or Russia or Singapore and
                work there for some years. I want to earn a lot of money.

Father:    Well, it is a good idea. You also will gain experience in using latest
               techniques being used world over. You will also enjoy the foreign
               people’s welcome.

Son:       That is right. My friend's brother is working in Russia. He is happy there.
               Perhaps he is coming here for a vacation next week.  I want to meet him
               and learn a few things.

Father:   You will also get an inspiration from meeting him.  It is a good idea. I am saving
              some money for your studies. That will come in handy for payment of your fees.

Son:     okay father.  Thanks a lot.  I need to buy a book on biology. Give me four hundred
            Rupees now.  I want to buy it today itself.

Father:    Right, let that be the starting point for your future. I wish you all
          the best. Inform your mother and sister also about your plans. They
          also will feel happy.

Height of first Airplane = AB = 4000 m

Height of another plane = BC

The angles of elevation of two planes from the same point on the ground are 60° and 45°. i.e.∠ADB = 60° and ∠CDB = 45°

Let AC be h

CB = AB - AC = 4000-h

In ΔABD

In ΔCBD

Hence the vertical distance between the aeroplane at that instant is 1690.599 m

On his way to the fair the child sees toys, balloons of different colours, garland of gulmohur, a swing and a snake-charmer playing a flute. He gets attracted towards all these things. So, he lags behind.

First of all, the child sees on his way to the fair a toy shop. Then he sees dragon flies in the mustard field. He is attracted by the little insects along the footpath. In a grove, flower petals fall on him and he starts gathering them.

Everytime the child lags behind because his parents keep moving. Everytime they say , “Come , child ,come.”

Heterotrophic nutrition is the mode of nutrition in which an organism depends on other living organisms for food.

Depending on the type of food, heterotrophs can be divided into 3 types-

1. Carnivores- organisms which eat only animals. Example- lion, snake.
2. Herbivores- organisms which eat only plants. Example- rabbit, elephant.

Omnivores- organisms which eat both plants and animals. Example- crow, dog.

Heterotrophic nutrition is the mode of nutrition in which an organism depends on other living organisms for food.

Depending on the type of food, heterotrophs can be divided into 3 types-

1. Carnivores- organisms which eat only animals. Example- lion, snake.
2. Herbivores- organisms which eat only plants. Example- rabbit, elephant.

Omnivores- organisms which eat both plants and animals. Example- crow, dog.

Rules for Changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech:

• In the Indirect speech, no inverted commas are used.
• The conjunctions that, if, whether, are generally used after the reporting verb.
• The first word of the reported speech begins with a capital letter.
• The tense of the reporting verb is never changed.
• The reporting verb changes according to sense: it may be told, asked, inquired,etc

The opposite of polite is rude.

• ​Apartheid was the system of racial discrimination or segregation on grounds of race unique to South Africa. The white Europeans imposed this system on South Africa. The system of apartheid divided the people and labelled them on the basis of their skin colour. The white rulers treated all non-whites as inferiors. ​

​The apartheid system was particularly oppressive for the blacks. ​​

• ​The non-whites did not have the voting rights. ​​ 
• ​Blacks could not form associations or protest against the terrible treatment.
• ​They could work in white areas only if they had a permit.
• They were forbidden from living in white areas.
• They could not even visit the Churches where the whites worshipped. ​​
• Trains, buses, taxis, hotels, hospitals, schools and colleges, libraries, cinema halls, theatres, beaches, swimming pools, public toilets, were all separate for the whites and blacks. This was called ‘segregation’.

The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs, and blood vessels. The muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide

Focal length and radius of curvature:

• Let F be focus and C be center of curvature of a concave mirror.
• Consider an incident ray travelling parallel to principle axis and meet at point N.
• It passes through focus after reflection.
• CN is the normal drawn to the mirror(normals drawn to mirror meet at C).
• Now,

                   PC = R

                   PF = f

                   ∠FNC = ∠FCN = 

                  ∠MFN = 2

• In ΔMNC

                                   [For paraxial rays, M and P coincide]

• If  is small, 

                         ------------------------(1)

• In ΔMNF

                                   [For paraxial rays, M and P coincide]

• If  is small, 

                            ------------------------(2)

• Substituting (1) in (2), we get

                   2PF = PC

                       R = 2f

                        f = R/2

• Therefore, focal length is half the radius of curvature.

In fig, theta is taken instead of alpha.

Taking a concave mirror, the curved mirror will have a principal axis near which a ray of light is incident on the mirror parellel to it.

Now the angle between the radius of curvature and principal axis will be equal to the angle at which ray is incident and due to reflections law incident angle would be equal to angle cbf.

                                L abc = L cbf (law of reflection)

                                      L abc = L fcb ( alternate)

Hence, cbf = fcb ⇒ bf = fc

Since b very close to p; pf = fc ⇒ pc = 2 pf

Now considering convex mirror,  similar to concave mirror L abn = L nbd {reflection law}

L abn = Lbcf {corresponding}

Hence, bf = fc

Since, b is very close to p, pf = fc ⇒ pc = 2pf

Hence, in both cases Radius is double the focal length.

Gandhiji played a leading role in the Indian National Movement between 1916 to 1948. Because of his contribution during this period is known as Gandhian era. (1) He successfully involved the masses in the Satyagraha Movements at Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad. (2) He organized important nationwide mass movements like Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience and later Quit India Movement. (3) He took the causes of depressed classes and called them Harijans. He signed the Poona Pact with Dr. Ambedkar and protested the division of Hindus on caste lines. (4) Gandhiji fought the mighty British with the unique method of Satyagraha based on truth and non-violence. (5) His method included boycott of all British Institutions (legislative councils, law courts, schools, colleges, etc.) picketing the shops selling foreign goods, renunciation of foreign titles awarded by the British, non-payment of tax, etc.

Step 1. Learn LINUX/ UNIX to Become A Hacker

LINUX/ UNIX is an open source operating system that gives better security to computer systems. It was first developed by AT&T in Bell labs and contributed a lot in the world of safety. You should install LINUX freely out there open source versions in your desktops as without learning UNIX/LINUX, it isn’t possible to become a hacker.

Step 2. Learn Programming to Become A Hacker

As an elite hacker, programming is something you couldn’t neglect. Even though it’s still possible for one to be a hacker without knowing even a bit of programming, it’s always better to have some basic understanding of programming languages like C, HTML, PHP, JavsScript and so on. If you are unsure about programming, you can even decide on it later after you finish pursuing your ethical hacker’s course.

Step 3. Learn Networking Concepts

Another important and essential step to becoming a hacker is to be good at networking concepts and understanding how the networks are created. You want to know the variations between different kinds of networks and must have an explicit knowledge of TCP/IP and UDP protocols to exploit vulnerabilities (loopholes) in the system.

Understanding what’s LAN, WAN, VPN, Firewall is also necessary. You must have a clear knowledge and use of network tools such as NMAP for packet analyzing, Wireshark, network scanning, etc.

Step 4. Learn More Than One Operating Systems

One of the primary need to turn into a hacker is to learn at least two operating system. As there are a lot of OS available. Each system has a loophole; a hacker wants it to exploit it. Else you can try these recommended Top 10 OS for Hackers.

Step 5. Experiment A Lot to Become A Hacker

After learning some concepts, sit and observe them. You need a good computer system to start with as some tools may require the highly powerful processor, RAM, etc. Strive different possible methods some will give the result.

(i) Reinterpretation of history was an important means to create a feeling of nationalism.
(ii) The British saw Indians as backward and primitive.

(iii) In response, Indians began looking into the past to discover India’s great achievements.
(iv) They wrote about the glorious developments in ancient times when art and architecture, science and mathematics, religion and culture, law and philosophy, crafts and trade flourished.
(v) This glorious time, in their view, was followed by a history of decline when India was colonised.
(vi) These nationalist histories advocated the readers to be proud of India’s great achievements in the past and struggle to change the miserable conditions of life under British rule.
(vii) A growing anger against the colonial government and hope of reviving the glorious past infused a strong sense of patriotism in Indians.
(viii) They fought back for their rights and finally, in 1947 achieved it in form of independence and freedom from British Raj.

Find the smallest number by which each of the following numbers must be multiplied to obtain a perfect cube.

(i) 243

(ii) 256

(iii) 72

(iv) 675

(v) 100

ANSWER:

(i) 243 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3

Here, two 3s are left which are not in a triplet. To make 243 a cube, one more 3 is required.

In that case, 243 × 3 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 729 is a perfect cube.

Hence, the smallest natural number by which 243 should be multiplied to make it a perfect cube is 3.

(ii) 256 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2

Here, two 2s are left which are not in a triplet. To make 256 a cube, one more 2 is required.

Then, we obtain

256 × 2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 512 is a perfect cube.

Hence, the smallest natural number by which 256 should be multiplied to make it a perfect cube is 2.

(iii) 72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3

Here, two 3s are left which are not in a triplet. To make 72 a cube, one more 3 is required.

Then, we obtain

72 × 3 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 216 is a perfect cube.

Hence, the smallest natural number by which 72 should be multiplied to make it a perfect cube is 3.

(iv) 675 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5

Here, two 5s are left which are not in a triplet. To make 675 a cube, one more 5 is required.

Then, we obtain

675 × 5 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 3375 is a perfect cube.

Hence, the smallest natural number by which 675 should be multiplied to make it a perfect cube is 5.

(v) 100 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 5

Here, two 2s and two 5s are left which are not in a triplet. To make 100 a cube, we require one more 2 and one more 5.

Then, we obtain

100 × 2 × 5 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 1000 is a perfect cube

Hence, the smallest natural number by which 100 should be multiplied to make it a perfect cube is 2 × 5 = 10.

Find out the smallest number multiplied by the following numbers to get the perfect cube? 

(i) 5400

(ii) 10584

(i) 5400 

Resolving 5400 into Prime factors as follows

Here, factor 5 is not ¡n group of three. 

∴ To make 5400 a perfect cube, we have to multiply it by smallest number 5.

(ii) 10584 

Resolving 10584 into Prime factors as follows

Here , factor 7 is not in group of three 

∴ To make 10584 as a perfect cube, we have to multiply it by smallest number 7.

(i) Reinterpretation of history was an important means to create a feeling of nationalism.
(ii) The British saw Indians as backward and primitive.

(iii) In response, Indians began looking into the past to discover India’s great achievements.
(iv) They wrote about the glorious developments in ancient times when art and architecture, science and mathematics, religion and culture, law and philosophy, crafts and trade flourished.
(v) This glorious time, in their view, was followed by a history of decline when India was colonised.
(vi) These nationalist histories advocated the readers to be proud of India’s great achievements in the past and struggle to change the miserable conditions of life under British rule.
(vii) A growing anger against the colonial government and hope of reviving the glorious past infused a strong sense of patriotism in Indians.
(viii) They fought back for their rights and finally, in 1947 achieved it in form of independence and freedom from British Raj.

1-By the end of the 19th century many Indians began feeling that to instill a sense of pride in the nation Indian history had to be thought about differently.

2-The British saw Indians as backward and primitive,and incapable of governing themselves.

3-In response, Indians began looking into the past to discover India's great achievements. They wrote about the glorious developments in ancient times when art and architecture, science and mathematics, religion and culture, law and philosophy, crafts and trade had flourished.

4-This glorious time in their view, was followed by a history of decline, when India was colonized.

5-These nationalist histories urged the leaders to take pride in India's great achievements in the past and struggle to change the miserable conditions of life under British rule.

Structure of Nephron :-

Nephron is the filtration unit of kidney. It consists of a tubule which is connected with collecting duct at one end and a cup – shaped structure at the other end.

This cup-shaped structure is called ‘Bowman’s capsule’. Every Bowman’s capsule contains a cluster of capillaries, called ‘Glomerulus’, within the cup – shaped structure. The blood enters into Glomerulus through arteriole of renal artery.

Functioning of Nephron :-

1. Filtration: Filtration of blood takes place in Bowman’s capsule from the capillaries of glomerulus. The filtrate passes into the tubular part of the nephron. This filtrate contains glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, salts and a major amount of water.

2. Re-absorption: As the filtrate flows along the tubule useful substances such as glucose, amino acids, salts and water are selectively re-absorbed into the blood by capillaries surrounding the nephron tubule.

The amount of water re-absorbed depends on the need of the body.

3. Urine: The filtrate which remains after re-absorption is called urine. Urine contains dissolved nitrogenous waste, i.e. urea and uric acid, excess salts and water. Urine is collected from nephrons by the collecting duct to carry it to the ureter.

Structure of a Nephrons:

• Nephrons are the basic filtering units of kidneys.
• Each kidney possesses large number of nephrons, approximately 1-1.5 million.
• The main components of the nephron are glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and a long renal tubule.