On July 7, HRD Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal announced a major CBSE syllabus reduction with 30% of the syllabus slashed for the year 2020-21 for classes 9 to 12 because of the reduction in classroom teaching time due to the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown.

CBSE has rationalized the syllabus with the help of suggestions from NCERT and the same has been notified by a new CBSE notification as well.

Deleted syllabus of CBSE Class 12 Economics

Adaptations in Monkey

1) Monkeys are expert climbers. The hands and feet of monkeys are adapted in such a way that they can easily hold on to branches of trees.

2) Monkeys have long and strong gripping tails which they use for grasping branches of trees.

3) Monkeys have very good eyesight: The very good eyesight helps the monkeys in leaping between the branches to escape from their predators.

the formula to find total surface area of cone is 
πr(r+l)
to find l use l²=r²+h²

∴l²=3²+4²
     =9+16
     =25
∴l=5cm

now using π r ( r + l )
                 3.14 *3(3+5)
                  3.14 *3(8)
                 9.42*8
                 75.36 cm²

A developmental assessment for children under age 3 is an attempt to assess various aspects of the child's functioning, including areas such as cognition, communication, behavior, social interaction, motor and sensory abilities, and adaptive skills.

Non - alignment is neither neutrality, nor isolation nor non commitment. It is because the member countries of the movement did particiate in world events. So they did not reamin isolated. They were non committed to any military blocs but maintained friedly relations with the countries of the First and the Second World. NAM came forward to help the underdeveloed and developing newly independent countries.

Answer: Latitude, attitude, pressure and winds are factors that influence the India's climate. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country from the Rann of Kuchchh in the west to Mizoram in the east. India lies in the region of north easterly winds

‘Mughals transmitted their grand vision through the writing of dynastic histories.’’ This statement is explained below:

1. Each manuscript contained an average of 120 full or double-page paintings of Battles, Court scenes, construction of buildings and hunts.

2. The chronicle is based on many sources including actual records of the events, official documents and oral testimony of knowledgeable people.

3. The political significant events were recorded over time.

4. It gave a chronological picture of all the aspects of the Akbar's Empire including geographical, cultural, social and administrative aspects.

5. Abul Fazal gave a lot of importance to diction and rhythm in his works.

6. A detailed description of Akbar's life could be obtained by Akbar Nama.

7. Badshah Nama was also written which was a similar tale of Akbar's reign by Abdul Hamid Lahori.

8. The 3 volumes were later revised by Shah Jahan's Wazir Sadulla Khan.

The scene is set in a school where Taplow arrives to do extra work on the last day for Mr. Crocker-Harris as he missed a day before. He finds Frank, a science teacher in the school. Frank asked him his name and the reason he is there that day. Taplow studies in the lower fifth standard and is about to get his result from his teacher Mr. Harris. Mr. Crocker-Harris usually reveals the result on the last day of school and unlike every other teacher, he follows the rules and regulations strictly.

They both started having a conversation where Frank asked him several questions. We don’t see Mr. Crocker-Harris in the whole chapter but we get to know a lot about him.

Taplow wants to take science as a remove because he finds the subject extremely interesting. Frank, on the other hand, doesn’t like what he teaches in the school. Mr. Croker-Harris is ‘hardly human’ as he never shrivels up. He told Taplow that he will get what he deserves. Nothing less and nothing more and this makes him tensed. Taplow further imitates Mr. Harris twice in front of Frank.

Franks admits that he envies Mr. Crocker-Harris because of the effect he has on them. Taplow told him that he never shows his emotions like other teachers and never beats them up like other masters.

He is not a sadist.

As they were deeply engaged in a conversation, Millie enters and comes with a shopping bag. She asked Taplow to go out and come back in a quarter of an hour as Mr. Crocker-Harris will be late. If her husband arrives earlier, she will take the blame. She further gives him a prescription and instructs him to purchase medicines for her from the chemist. Taplow follows and goes away to do the job.

Domain name, often referred to as “web address”, is the address that people type into a browser address bar to find your website. A registered domain name is unique to you and can't be used by anyone else, as it functions on the Internet in a similar way like a street address in the physical world.

The teachings of Buddha are as follows:

• The world is transient (anicca) and constantly changing. It is also soulless as there is nothing permanent or eternal in it.
• Within this transient world, sorrow (dukkha) is intrinsic to human existence.
• By following the path of moderation between severe penance and self-indulgence, human beings can use above these worldly pleasures.
• He advised kings and gahapatis to be humane and ethical. Buddha regarded the social world as the creation of humans rather than of divine origin.
• He emphasised individual agency and righteous action as the means to escape from the cycle of rebirth and attain self-realisation and nibbana (literally means the extinguishing of ego and desire).
  This ends the cycle of suffering for those who renounced the world.
• The words to his followers were “Be lamps into yourselves as all of you must work out your own liberation.”

Vithalla temple of Vijayanagara was considered unique and

interesting due to the following reasons:

6. The principal deity in the Vitthala temple was Vitthala- a form of Vishnu.

. It had many halls and a shrine designed in the form of a chariot.

. It had chariot streets that extended from the temple gopurams in a straight line.

. The streets had stone slabs and lines with a pillared pavilion in which the merchants set up their shops.

. The rulers of Vijayanagar drew on different traditions to create an empirical culture.

मित्रता अनमोल धन है। इसकी तुलना किसी से भी नहीं की जा सकती है। हीरे-मोती या सोने-चाँदी से भी नहीं। मैत्री की महिमा बहुत बड़ी है। सच्चा मित्र सुख और दुख में समान भाव से मैत्री निभाता है। जो केवल सुख में साथ होता है, उसे सच्चा मित्र नहीं कहा जा सकता। साथ-साथ खाना-पीना, सैर, पिकनिक का आनंद लेना सच्ची मित्रता का लक्षण नहीं। सच्चा मित्र तो दीर्घ काल के अनुभव से ही बनता है। सच्ची मित्रता की बस एक पहचान है और वह है-विचारों की एकता। विचारों की एकता ही इसे दिनोंदिन प्रगाढ़ करती है। सच्चा मित्र बड़ा महत्त्वपूर्ण होता है।

जहाँ थाह न लगे, वही बाँह बढ़ाकर उबार लेता है। मित्रता करना तो आसान है, लेकिन निभाना बहुत ही मुश्किल। आज मित्रता का दुरुपयोग होने लगा है। लोग अपने सीमित स्वार्थों की पूर्ति के लिए मित्रता का ढोंग रचते हैं। मित्र जो केवल काम निकालना जानते हैं, जो केवल सख के साथी हैं और जो वक्त पड़ने पर बहाना बनाकर किनारे हो जाते हैं. वे मित्रता को कलंकित करते हैं। मित्रता जीवन का सर्वश्रेष्ठ अनुभव है।

यह एक ऐसा मोती है, जिसे गहरे सागर में डूबकर ही पाया जा सकता है। मित्रता की कीमत केवल मित्रता ही है। सच्ची मित्रता जीवन का वरदान है। यह आसानी से नहीं मिलती। एक सच्चा मित्र मिलना सौभाग्य की बात होती है। सच्चा मित्र मनुष्य की सोई किस्मत को जगा सकता है और भटके को सही राह दिखा सकता है।

World Health Organisation
The World Health Organisation (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that looks into matters of public health. Established on April 7th, 1948, its headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland. 

Einstein left the school in Munich for good because he hated the school’s regimentation.
Or
Einstein left the school in Munich for good because he hated the regimentation of school leading to clashes with his teachers.

• In the sixth century BCE exchanges were facilitated by the introduction of coinage.
• Punch-marked coins made of silver and copper were amongst the earliest to be minted and used.
• The first coins to bear the names and images of rulers were issued by the Indo-Greeks, who established control over the north-western part of the subcontinent c. second century BCE.
• The first gold coins were issued c. first century CE by the Kushanas.
• Hoards of Roman coins have been found from archaeological sites in south India.
• Coins were also issued by tribal republics such as that of the Yaudheyas of Punjab and Haryana.
• Archaeologists have unearthed several thousand copper coins issued by the Yaudheyas, pointing to the latter’s interest and participation in economic exchanges.
• Some of the most spectacular gold coins were issued by the Gupta rulers.

Given:
Method I:
Initial speed=u=56km/h=56 x 5/18=15.55m/s
Final speed=v=58km/h=58x5/18=16.11m/s
Time=t=1sec
acceleration=a=?
as we know that acceleration is rate of change of velocity.
a=(v-u)/t
=(16.11-15.55)/1
=0.56 m/s²

Method 2:
Initial speed=u=56km/h
Final speed=v=58km/h
Time=t=1/60x60 h
acceleration=a=?
as we know that acceleration is rate of change of velocity.
a=(v-u)/t
=(58-56)/1/60*60
=2x3600
=7200 Km/h²
∴ Acceleration is 0.56 m/s² or 7200 Km/h²

1. Creating Provision for Depreciation Account− Under this method, depreciation is not credited to the Assets Account; in fact, it is credited to the provision for Depreciation Account. At the year end, asset is shown at the original cost in the Balance Sheet and total depreciation up to the date of Balance Sheet is shown as Provision for Depreciation Account.

Journal entries for depreciation are:

Charging Depreciation

Closing of Depreciation Account

When the asset is sold, the accumulated depreciation on that asset is credited to the Asset Account by passing the following Journal entry:

I knew my cousin Mourad enjoyed being alive more than anybody else who had ever fallen into the world by mistake, but this was more than even I could believe.
In the first place, my earliest memories had been memories of horses and my first longings had been longings to ride.
This was the wonderful part.

Meanings:

Armenian – official language of Armenia branch
Longings – an aching desire

Line to lone explanation:

Mourad was sitting on a white horse. Aram rubbed his eyes and stuck out his head out of the window. Mourad assured him it was not a dream. He asked if he wanted a ride, he must make it quick. Mourad was the type of person who enjoyed being alive but he couldn’t believe that he was seeing a horse in front of him. Aram’s earliest memory was of horses and he always wanted to ride one. This was the wonderful part that he was actually going to ride a horse for real.

OPEN FIELDS AND COMMON LAND

The first half of the 19th century in England witnessed riots. The main reason behind this was the fear of workmen working on the farms were afraid of loosing their jobs to the machines.

Peasants cultivated open fields which were strips of land near their villages. These strips were of varying quality. This was a measure to ensure that everyone had a mix of good and bad land. Beyond these strips lay common land which was used by all to graze cattle, gather fruits and berries and firewood. The common land was essential for survival of poors.

This began to change from the 16th century. Wool became important. Farmers began to enclose fields to improve sheep breeds and ensure good feed. With enclosed fields there was no concept of common land. This changed the entire landscape of England.

Thrust in Grain Cultivation: From the mid-18th century onwards enclosures became different. They were now for grain cultivation. English population was expanding and Britain was industrialising. People moved to urban areas. Lesser people had to produce more grains. The market for food grain expanded. Food grain prices rose. This encouraged land owners to enclose lands and enlarge the area under grain cultivation. As the English population was rising the encloseure helped the food production to rise simultaneously.

Enclosures: Food grain production increased as much as population. England was producing almost 80% of the food grain the population consumed. Crop production received a boost through various crop rotation techniques. Enclosures allowed landowners to expand the land under their control and produce more for the market. Between 1750 and 1850, 6 million acres of land was enclosed.

The Farmers — The Poor : The poor no longer had access to the commons. They were displaced from their lands and found their customary rights disappearing. Work became uncertain, insecure and income unstable.

Dependency on Machines — The Thresher : During the Napoleonic wars the threshing machine was introduced to lessen dependency on labour and increase production. After the Napoleonic wars ended soldiers returned home but found no work. At the same time an agricultural depression set in. There was agricultural surplus and labourers without work.

click on the given link for notes:

<a data-ved="2ahUKEwjLyP2UosrtAhWBSH0KHd6fA6gQFjADegQIBRAC" href="https://mycbseguide.com/blog/history-peasants-farmers-class-9-notes-social-science/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://mycbseguide.com/blog/history-peasants-farmers-class-9-notes-social-science/&ved=2ahUKEwjLyP2UosrtAhWBSH0KHd6fA6gQFjADegQIBRAC" rel="noopener" target="_blank">History-Peasants and Farmers class 9 Notes Social Science ...</a>

Every living cell is externally covered by a thin transparent electron microscopic, elastic regenerative and selective permeable membrane called plasma membrane. It is quasifluid in nature. Membranes also occur inside the cells. They are collectively called biomembranes. The term cell membrane was given by C. Nageli and C. Cramer (1855) for outer membrane covering of the portoplast. It was replaced by the term plasmalemma by Plower (1931).

Chemical composition : Proteins lipoprotein (Lipid +Protein) are the major component forming 60% of the plasma membrane. Proteins provide mechanical strength and responsible for transportation of different substances. Proteins also act as enzyme. Lipids account may 28%-79% depending upon the type of cell and organism involved (in humans, myelin 79%). The lipids of plasma membrane are of three types namely phospholipids, glycolipids and sterols. The sterol found in the membrane may be cholesterol (Animals), phytosterol (Plants) or ergosterol (Microorganisms).

Carbohydrates form 2%–10%. Oligosaccharides are the main carbohydrates present in plasma membrane. The carbohydrates of plasma membrane are covalently linked to both lipid and protein components.

Ultrastructure : Under electron microscope the plasma membrane appears three layered, i.e., trilaminar or tripartite. One optically light layer is of lipid and on both sides two optically dense protein layers are present.

Molecular structure and different models : Several models have been proposed to explain the structure and function of the plasma membrane.

(1) Overton’s model : It suggests that the plasma membrane is composed of a thin lipid single layer.

(2) Sandwitch model : It was proposed by Davson and Danielli (1935). According to this model the light biomolecular lipid layer is sandwitched between two dense protein layers (globular a type protein). This model was also said to be unit membrane hypothesis.

(3) Robertson’s unit membrane model : It states that all cytoplasmic membranes have a similar structure of three layers with and electron transparent phospholipid bilayer being sandwitched between two electron dense layer of proteins (extended or 

β

  type protein).

Its thickness is about 75 Å with a central lipid layer of 

35 AA

 thick and two peripheral protein layers of 

20 AA

 thick.

(4) Fluid mosaic model : The most important and widely accepted latest model for plasma membrane was given by Singer and Nicolson in 1972. According to them it is “protein iceberg in a sea of lipids.”

According to this model, the cell membrane consists of a highly viscous fluid matrix of two layers of phospholipid molecules. Protein molecules occur as separate particles asymmetrical arranged in a mosaic pattern.

Some of these are loosely bound at the polar surfaces of lipid layers, called peripheral or extrinsic proteins. Others penetrate deeply into the lipid layer called integral or intrinsic proteins. Some of the integral proteins penetrate through the phospholipid layers and project on both the surface. These are called trans membrane or tunnel proteins (glycophorins). Singly or in groups, they function as channels for passage of water ions and other solutes.