ANSWER
Division of labour is differentiation of certain components or parts to perform different functions for increased efficiency and higher survival. Multicellular organisms often possess millions of cells. All the cells are not similar. The cell present on the surface is dead and impermeable to protect the internal cells from the harsh external environment. They also form structures for offence and defence of the organism.
Every cell of a multicellular organism cannot obtain food from outside. The organism requires a system for obtaining requires a system for obtaining food. Its digestion and distribution. Therefore, a digestive system and system of transport are also required.
Certain cells of the body take over the function of reproduction. Others take part in repair and replacement of worn out or injured portions.
For optimum functioning of cells, a multicellular organism also comes to have an internal favourable environment.

(i) Transformation of the world economy : Technology played a major role in all these developments. Railways, steam shipping, telegraph, etc. were important inventions without which it was not possible to imagine the transformation of nineteenth-century world.
(ii) Linking the markets : New investments and improvements in transport: faster railways. lighter wagons and larger ships helped move food more cheaply and quickly from far away farms to final markets.
(iii) Impact on the meat trade : Till the 1870s, moat from America was shipped to Europe in the form of live animals which were then slaughtered in Europe. But live animals took up a lot of ship space. Many also died in voyage, fell ill. lost weight or became unfit to eat. So the prices of meat were very high and it was beyond the reacts of the European poor. Due to high price, the demand and production was low. But the invention of refrigerated ships made it possible to transport meat from one region to another.
(iv) Social peace and Imperialism : The refrigerated ships reduced shipping cost and lowered meat prices in Europe. The poor in Europe could now consume a more varied diet. Better living conditions promoted social peace within the country and support for Imperialism abroad.
(v) Colonialism : Technology played very important role in linking the world markets which promoted the sprit of colonialism. 

a. The making of modern Global world was characterised by major discoveries and inventions.

b. Railways, steamships, telegraphs transformed the World.

c. Technological advancements stimulated the process of industrialisation, which expanded production of goods and trade. It also contributed in the growth of railways and further innovations for easy transportation of goods and raw materials.

d. Colonialism also accelerated the process of technological development through development of faster mode of transportation like railways, ships, lighter wagons to easily trade.

e. With increasing population, increased migration mobility on part of the people, further inventions , advancements became inevitable to meet the growing needs.

f. We may also give example of refrigerated ships which made transportation of perishable products like meat over long distances easy.

A shuttle vector is defined as a plasmid capable of replicating in two different organisms.
Vectors are the DNA molecules that carry a foreign DNA segment and replicate within the host cell such as bacteriophages, cosmids, phagemid, BAC (bacterial artificial chromosomes), YAC (yeast artificial chromosome) animal and plant vectors, and shuttle vectors.
Plasmid DNA acts as a vector to transfer a piece of alien DNA attached to it.
Recombinant DNA = vector + insert
Mosquito is an insect vector that transfers the malarial parasite into the human body, similarly, the plasmid is used to transfer alien DNA into the host organism.
Shuttle vectors are those vectors that can be used for more than one organism like used for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

A shuttle vector is a vector  constructed so that it can propagate in two different host species.  Therefore, DNA inserted into a shuttle vector can be tested or manipulated in two different cell types. The main advantage of these vectors is they can be manipulated in E. coli, then used in a system which is more difficult or slower to use (e.g. yeast).
Shuttle vectors include plasmids that can propagate in eukaryotes and prokaryotes  or in different species of bacteria . There are also adenovirus shuttle vectors, which can propagate in E. coli and mammals.

In geometry, a shape can be defined as the form of an object or its outline, outer boundary or outer surface.

Fowler's position facilitates the relaxing of tension of the abdominal muscles, allowing for improved breathing. In immobile patients and infants, the Fowler's position alleviates compression of the chest that occurs due to gravity. Fowler's position increases comfort during eating and other activities, is used in postpartum women to improve uterine drainage, and in infants when signs of respiratory distress are present. Fowler's position is also used when oral or nasal gastric feeding tubes have been implemented as it minimizes the risk of aspiration. Peristalsis and swallowing are aided by the effect of gravitational pull.

195 *205

= (200 - 5)(200 + 5)

= (200)² - (5)²   ((a - b) (a + b) = a² - b²)

= 40000 - 25

= 39,975

Bones and muscles

(i) The first Mesopotamian tablets, written around 3200 BCE, contained picture-like signs and numbers. These were about 5,000 lists of oxen, fish, bread loaves, etc. - lists of goods that were brought into or distributed from the temples of Uruk, a city in the south.

Clearly, writing began when society needed to keep records of transactions -because in city life transactions occurred at different times, and involved many people and a involved many people and a variety of goods.

(ii) Mesopotamians wrote on tablets of clay. A scribe would wet clay and pat it into a size he could hold comfortably in one hand. He would carefully smoothen its surfaces.

With the sharp end of a reed cut obliquely, he would press wedge-shaped (‘cuneiform) signs on to the smoothened surface while it was still moist. Once dried in the sun, the clay would harden and tablets would be almost as indestructible as pottery. When a written record of, say, the delivery of pieces of metal had ceased to be relevant, the tablet was thrown away.

(iii) Once the surface dried, signs could not be pressed onto a tablet : so each transaction, however minor, required a separate written tablet.

This is why tablets occur by the hundreds at Mesopotamian sites. And it is because of this wealth of sources that we know so much more about Mesopotamia than we do about contemporary India.

(iv) By 2600 BCE or so, the letters became cuneiform, and the language was Sumerian. Writing was now used not only for keeping records, but also for making dictionaries, giving legal validity to land transfers, narrating the deeds of kings, and announcing the changes a king had made in the customary laws of the land.

Sumerian, the earliest known language of Mesopotamia, was gradually replaced after 2400 BCE by the Akkadian language. Cuneiform writing in the Akkadian language continued in use until the first century CE, that is, for more than 2,000 years.

XeO₃ is isostructural with BrO₃- . (pyramidal structure)  

बच्चे फ़ेल होने पर भावनात्मक रूप से आहत होते हैं और मानसिक रूप से परेशान रहने लगते हैं।उनका मानसिक संतुलन बिगड़ जाता है। वे शर्म महसूस करते हैं। इसके लिए विद्यार्थी के पुस्तकीय ज्ञान को ही न परखा जाए बल्कि उसके अनुभव व अन्य कार्य कुशलता को भी देखकर उसे प्रोत्साहन देने के लिए शिक्षा व्यवस्था में बदलाव किया जाना चाहिए।

The constraints on American hegemony today are as given below:

(i) Institutional architecture of the American state : There is Presidential form of government in USA. Under this a system of division of powers and checks and balances between the three branches of the government limit the unrestrained and immoderate exercise of America's military power by the executive branch.

(ii) Open nature of American society: There is deep sckepticism regarding the purposes and methods of government in American political culture. This put a constraint on US military action overseas as had happened in case of Vietnamese war.
(iii) NATO: This organisation can moderate the exercise of American power because the US has an enormous interest in keeping the alliance of democracies that follow the market economies alive.

The constraint- i.e., institutional architecture of the American state is expected to get more important in future because the American constitution has not changed much during the last about two hundred years. The features of division of power etc. have remained intact. Nature of the people or the NATO may change in future. So the institutional structure will become more important in future.

a²+8a+15

= a²+5a + 3a+15

= a(a+5) + 3 ( a +5)

= (a+3) (a+5)

Fossils are remains or impressions of organisms that lived in the remote past. Fossils provide the evidence that the present animal have originated from previously existing ones through the process of continuous evolution. Fossils can be used to reconstruct evolutionary history of an organism. The distribution pattern of fossils shows that the ancient fossils present in the bottom rocks are simple, while the most recent fossils found in the upper strata are more highly evolved. It means fossils form and become more and more complex as we proceed from earliest to recent rocks. It gives us an idea of time in history when different species were formed or became extinct. Fossil also help to trace the evolutionary history of some animals.

Fossils are remains or impressions of organisms that lived in the remote past. Fossils provide the evidence that the present animal have originated from previously existing ones through the process of continuous evolution. Fossils can be used to reconstruct evolutionary history of an organism. The distribution pattern of fossils shows that the ancient fossils present in the bottom rocks are simple, while the most recent fossils found in the upper strata are more highly evolved. It means fossils form and become more and more complex as we proceed from earliest to recent rocks. It gives us an idea of time in history when different species were formed or became extinct. Fossil also help to trace the evolutionary history of some animals.

Answer:
Mrs. Fitzgerald encourages Mrs. Pearson to be the mistress in her own house. She acquaints Mrs. Pearson with her rights in the family. She tells her that her husband and children should share her work, the value of her work should be acknowledged by all her family members. Mrs. Pearson is realized of her status in the family. She is told to put her foot down and be the boss of her family. Her family is expected to learn to treat her properly.

Fossils are remains or impressions of organisms that lived in the remote past. Fossils provide the evidence that the present animal have originated from previously existing ones through the process of continuous evolution. Fossils can be used to reconstruct evolutionary history of an organism. The distribution pattern of fossils shows that the ancient fossils present in the bottom rocks are simple, while the most recent fossils found in the upper strata are more highly evolved. It means fossils form and become more and more complex as we proceed from earliest to recent rocks. It gives us an idea of time in history when different species were formed or became extinct. Fossil also help to trace the evolutionary history of some animals.

Mrs Fitzgerald is a neighbour of Mrs Pearson. She is a fortune teller. She learnt this art from the East where her husband had served in the army. She also knows the art of magic. She knows the trick of causing personalities change bodies. Actually, Mrs Fitzgerald presents a sharp contrast to Mrs Pearson. She is bold and dominating while her neighbour is meek and weak.
Mrs Fitzgerald knows that Mrs Pearson is very fond of her children and husband. But they are very thoughtless and selfish. Mrs Pearson runs after them all the time. She takes their orders as if she were the servant in the house. She wants to help Mrs Pearson. She wants to make her the mistress of her own house and the boss of her family. After the spell is spoken the personalities change bodies. Mrs Pearson is now with Mrs Fitzgerald’s personality. She becomes bold and dominating. She starts smoking and drinking.

The spoilt children are shocked and surprised to see the sudden change in their mother. Mrs Pearson takes her daughter Doris to task for not doing her work herself. Doris asks her yellow silk to be ironed and orders for tea. Mrs Pearson refuses to oblige the girl. She also taunts her for choosing a worthless boy-friend. Cyril, the son, also meets the same fate. So does Mr George. She reminds them that all will have a forty-hour week. She will be free at the weekend. She will not do any extra work. She doesn’t get any wages or thanks for it. The dose given by Mrs Fitzgerald to the spoilt children and George brings results. When Mrs Pearson comes to her real self, everybody obeys her. All fall in line to support and follow her.

9,18,27,36,45,54,63,72,81,90..... ...

First of all you need to know what are multiples.....
Multiple: Multiples of a no are the nos which are divisible by the no.
So multiples of 9 are:
9,18,27,36,45,54,63,72,81,90,........... Many more nos which are divisible by 9.

Any number that can be denoted in the form 9n where n is a natural number is a multiple of 9. So if two values p and q are there, we say that q is a multiple of p if q = np.

For example, 9, 16, 900 and 99 are all multiples of 9 for the following reasons

These values are called as multiples as these values are obtained by adding or subtracting original value many times.

The multiples of 9