Crystal lattice:

A regular arrangement of the constituent particles, i.e. atoms, ions or molecules of a crystal, in three-dimensional space.

When the constituent particles are represented by dot (.), the periodic and systematic arrangement of these dots in three dimensions is called Crystal lattice.

Unit cell:

Smallest three-dimensional portion of a complete space lattice which when repeated over and again in different directions produces the complete space lattice

If we repeat unit cell in all dimensions, we obtain a structure of the crystal.

The properties of unit cell are measured by length of edges and the angles between the edges.

The Cold War is the name given to the relationship that developed primarily between the USA and the USSR after World War Two. The Cold War was to dominate international affairs for decades and many major crises occurred – the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam, Hungary and the Berlin Wall being just some. The political conflict and military tension between the Soviet Union and the Western powers, especially the United States. It was called the "Cold War" because actual war between the two countries never broke out.

Current sensitivity of a galvanometer is defined as the deflection produced in the galvanometer when a unit current flows through it.

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Where n is no of turns in the coil of galvanometer,  B is Magnetic field around coil, A is Area of coil and c is restoring torque per unit twist.

Voltage Sensitivity of a galvanometer is defined as the deflection produced in the galvanometer when a unit voltage is applied across two terminals.

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Current sensitivity does not depend upon resistance(R), whereas voltage sensitivity does, as evident from their expressions. Current sensitivity can be increased by increasing the number of turns of the coil. However, this increases the resistance of the coil also(R is proportional to length of conductor). Since voltage sensitivity decreases with increase in resistance of the coil, the effect of increase in number of turns is nullified in the case of voltage sensitivity. Hence, there is no increase in voltage sensitivity.

Economics agents are those who take Economic decisions. In microeconomics there are Individual economic agents and at macro level there are institutional Economic agents who take Economic decisions.

Latitudinal gradients: Species diversity generally decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles. Tropics have more species than temperate or polar areas. Many hypotheses have been proposed by scientists to explain greater diversity in the tropics. They are as follows:

1. Speciation is generally a function of time. Temperate regions had been subjected to frequent glaciations in the past. But tropical latitudes have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years. This allowed a long evolutionary time for species diversification in the tropics.
2. Tropical environments are less seasonal, relatively more constant and predictable. A constant environment promotes niche specialization, and leads to a greater species diversity.
3. More solar energy is available in the tropics. It contributes to higher productivity. It may have indirectly contributed to greater diversity in the tropics.

Types of Warehouses : There are various types of warehouses :

1. Private Warehouses : These are the warehouses owned by the traders or producers. In these warehouses they keep their own products and do not allow anybody else to keep their goods. Hence they are called private warehouses.
2. Public Warehouses : These warehouses are owned by private companies and government agencies. These godowns are large size and used by all persons such as traders, farmers, exporters, importers and government agencies. These godowns are located in the commerical centres of big cities. Their main objective is to make earning by providing storing facilities.
Once the goods are stored in the godown, warehouse receipt is issued to the owner of goods. After making the payment of godown charges goods are returned.
3. Bonded Warehouses : These are public warehouses which are licensed by the Government to accept imported goods for storage before payment of customs duty by their importers. When the importer finds that he cannot conveniently make payment of customs duty on the goods imported by him, he can request the customs authorities for storage of goods in the bonded warehouse till the customs duty is paid.

A parameter is a variable in a method definition. When a method is called, the arguments are the data you pass into the method's parameters. Parameter is variable in the declaration of function. Argument is the actual value of this variable that gets passed to function. The value passed with the function calling statement is called the argument, and the parameter would be the variable which copies the value in the function definition (called as formal parameter). Arguments are the actual values that are passed in when the method is invoked.

The superpowers needed military alliances with smaller countries due to the following reasons:
 (i) To gain access to vital resources, such as oil and minerals.
(ii) To gain access to territory, from where the superpowers could launch their weapons and troops.
(iii) To gain access to locations from where they could spy on each other.