(a) The tigers are called Aunt Jennifers tiger as they are knitted by her. With their chivalrous, ferocious, bright and carefree attitude, she creates an alternate world for herself.

(b) Aunt Jennifers tigers are described as ferocious, fearless, always harmful, sleek and chivalric.

(c) The tigers are depicted as brave, strong, confident and happy. They are fearless beings and the presence of men does not scare them at all. Contrarily, Aunt Jennifer is burdened by a life which, most probably, others chose for her.

(d) The word “chivalric” refers to the confidence of the tigers about their power and brevity in their actions.

Answer:
1. The poem is ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’ by Adrienne Rich.
2. The aunt’s ordeal was that she was dominated by her husband and was denied freedom.
3. Aunt Jennifer made tigers to give expression to her desire for freedom.
4. Aunt Jennifer was meek and submissive whereas the tigers she embroidered were strong and courageous.

a) Who does ‘we’ refer to in the above lines?

Answer : ‘We’ refers to the human beings, who are always thinking about their own progress and advancement.

b) Why does the poet want us to ‘do nothing’ for once?

Answer : The poet wants us to ‘do nothing’ for once so that our mind can be at peace and we get some time to introspect and analyse our own actions.

c) What is the ‘sadness’ that the poet refers to in the poem?

Answer : The poet refers to the ‘sadness’ which arises due to the fact that people fail to understand themselves. They have no time to introspect about their actions and their consequences.

d) How can a huge silence do good to us ? 

Answer : A huge silence can do good to us because we would be able to achieve peace in this silence. It would help us in analysing ourselves and our actions. This would interrupt the sadness of threatening ourselves with death.

Answer:
1. The poem is ‘A Thing of Beauty’.
2. The ‘mighty dead’ referred to here are our ancestors, the great people of the world who are worthy of respect.
3. The endless fountain of immortal drink are all the things of beauty that sustain mankind.
4. The word ‘brink’ means ‘an edge at the top/ the point of onset’.

Jo was not convinced with the ending of the story and coaxed her father to retell the story the next day giving the story a predetermined path that she had set. According to her, neither Roger Skunk nor the wizard was wrong in the story. Jo refused to accept the end where Roger Skunk's mother hit the wizard and that too without being hit back. She wanted the story to end with the wizard hitting back the mother skunk with his magic wand on her head.

The story raises the moral issue that there is a sharp contrast between an adult’s perspective of life and the worldview of a little child. The adult’s perspective on life is different from that of a child because of the difference in their experience of life.
A child’s thought, actions and reactions are natural and are from his heart in accordance with what is right in his quite narrow perspective. On the other hand, an adult who has seen many things in life has to consider before speaking or reacting by thinking of the society.
For the children, everything has a happy ending but the adults know that this is not possible.

Derry tells Mr. Lamb that acid has not only burnt his face, it has burnt his innerself also. No body likes him anymore. Everyone around him is afraid of his ugly and burnt face. Nobody wants him close. People talk mercilessly about him. They call him as ugly as a devil. All this has hurt his soul. It has spoilt his life. He has become a defiant and withdrawn young boy. He no more likes to be part of the society. Neither society is ready to make him a part of it.

After having got rid of his stink, Roger Skunk did not have the required seven pennies to pay the wizard who had helped to solve his problem. He had only four pennies and so when the wizard demanded seven pennies Roger Skunk began to cry.

The young trees are described as 'sprinting' which means rushing past the poet as she is travelling in a very fast-moving car. While travelling in a speeding vehicle, the objects outside appear to be rushing past us in the opposite direction. The trees seem to be running past the moving car. The sprinting of the trees symbolises the rapidly passing years of human's life from childhood to old age.

divisional organisational structure.
This is because:
(i) The number of main products is more than one.
(ii) Different manufacturing technologies and marketing methods are required.
(iii) Each division is equipped with its own resources in order to function independently

Answer:
Jo calls the skunk’s mommy stupid because the mommy hit the wizard and forced him to make skunk smell bad again. Jo knew now again Roger skunk would have no friends. Moreover the wizard was the hero according to Jo and Roger’s ‘stupid’ mommy could not understand why Roger wanted to change his smell.

With troubled and tensed mind, Roger Skunk went to meet the Wizard to get rid of his bad smell. The Wizard also got annoyed with his dirty smell and told him not to come close to him. Roger requested him to change his smell. The Wizard ask him what he wanted to smell like. He told Wizard that he wanted to smell like a rose. The Wizard took a magic wand and chanted a spell. All of a sudden, the inside of the Wizard's house was filled with the smell of roses. Roger Skunk too started smelling like roses.

In internal migration (within the country) four streams are identified-

(a) Rural-Rural (b) Rural-Urban (c)Urban-Rural (d) Urban-Urban

After the end of the Cold War there was no serious rival to United States. United States became a hegemony state and the only superpower in the world politics. There are three types of hegemony that are dealt within the chapter.

1. Hegemony as Hard Power – Tenzen was an artist living in Nigeria and was planning to join art and craft academy to give proficiency to her artistic aptitude. But she lost her leg in 2003 missile attack by the US. After she overcame it, she made efforts to achieve and fulfil her dreams if the foreign armies leave her country.

2. Hegemony as Structural Power – Anwar is very good in his studies in the countryside of Middle East Asia and is planning to study subjects from arts stream to accommodate him in different aspects as per requirements. But parents want him to be a master in computers to become a software engineer due to flair for job opportunities in the same.

3. Hegemony as Soft Power – Mayank is a young and energetic man of Melbourne, immigrants from Russia. His father gets upset when he puts on black shirt with white jeans while he goes to church. He justifies that black colour which signifies protest for freedom and white signifies freedom in a peaceful manner.

Globalization creates greater opportunities for firms in less industrialized countries to tap into more and larger markets around the world. Thus, businesses located in developing countries have more access to capital flows, technology, human capital, cheaper imports, and larger export markets. India has felt the impact of globalization through increased prosperity, partly triggered by increasing trade volumes, investment, and growth. Scholarly work on trade, FDI, and the environment in India with rich theoretical insight and solid empirical evidence is scarce. The wake of globalization was first felt in the 1990s in India when the then finance minister, Dr Manmohan Singh initiated the economic liberalization plan. Since then, India has gradually become one of the economic giants in the world.

A drama is a piece of writing, which is artistically presented with dialogues. A drama is attractive, impactful and real as it presents characters along with a natural and credible aspects. It is very similar to a short story as it also comprises characters, plot, setting as well as symbolism. These essential elements of drama include the plot of the story, the theme, the genre in which the story belongs, the characters, the setting, and the audience.

During 1989 and 1990, the Berlin Wall came down, borders opened, and free elections ousted Communist regimes everywhere in eastern Europe. In late 1991 the Soviet Union itself dissolved into its component republics. With stunning speed, the Iron Curtain was lifted and the Cold War came to an end. Factors responsible for the beginning of Cold War. - Emergence of USSR as the most powerful country. Some viewed that the US action was intended to stop the Soviet Union from making political and military gains.  It was necessary to end the war quickly.

The diagnostic category of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) refers to a group of disorders characterized by delays in the development of socialization and communication skills. Parents may note symptoms as early as infancy, although the typical age of onset is before 3 years of age. The DSM-5 redefined autism. Its predecessor, the DSM-IV-TR, included five Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs): Autistic Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, Rett's Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS).