Human capital is positively correlated to economic growth since investment tends to boost productivity. The process of educating a workforce is a type of investment, but instead of capital investment such as equipment, the investment is in human capital. Increased economic growth will lead to increased output and consumption. This causes an increase in pollution. Increased pollution from economic growth will cause health problems such as asthma and therefore will reduce the quality of life.

Excess demand or inflationary gap is the excess of aggregate demand over and above its level required to maintain full employment equilibrium in the economy.

Cash reserve ratio refers to the percentage of total demand deposits of the commercial banks which they must keep as cash reserves with the RBI.

In order to control excess demand, the central bank must increase CRR so the credit creation capacity of the commercial banks and the money supply in an economy get decreased. As a result aggregate demand will also fall.

Human geography studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment and sociocultural environment created by human beings through mutual interaction with each other.
(i)The process of adaptation, adjustment with and modification of the environment started with the appearance of human beings over the surface of the earth in different ecological niches. Thus, if we imagine the beginning of human geography with the interaction of environment and human beings, it has its roots deep in history.
(ii)Thus, the concerns of human geography have a long temporal continuum though the approaches to articulate them have changed over time. This dynamism in approaches and thrusts shows the vibrant nature of the discipline.
(iii)American geographers, Finch and Triwartha divided the subject matter of human geography into two broad sections : (i) Physical or Natural Environment, and (ii) Cultural or Man-made Environment. Physical Environment consists of phenomena such as human settlements as well as features associated with agriculture and transportation.

Sadao Hoki went to America to study surgery and medicine as it was the wish of his father. His experience of living in America was not very good but he was grateful to have some good professors who taught him so well. Also, he was grateful to the professor at whose home he had met Hana and immediately liked her. But he did not like the smell of their food, their small room and the wife of his professor, who was vbry talkative, although she tried hard to be kind.
Initially, he had faced great difficulty in finding a place to live in America because he was a Japanese. He perceived that Americans were full of prejudice and for him it was a bitter experience to live with them.

Dr. Sadao rose above narrow prejudices of race and country and not only saved the young American soldier from dying, but also helped him to escape. Basic human goodness overpowered Dr. Sadao and the final decision that he took was indeed the best possible one in the circumstances. He could not hand over a dying man, even if he was an enemy, to the police. The ethics of his profession had taught him to save a dying man. His essential love for humanity and his sincerity towards his duty as a doctor transcend all other narrow considerations. As a doctor, it was his duty to save a dying man and so he put aside all other options and respected the ideals and principles of his profession.

Nepal is on the northern borders of India. It has witnessed several people’s struggles for democracy. The previous Constitution of Nepal, which was adopted in 1990, had the final authority rested with the King. Thus, people’s struggle in 1990 established democracy that lasted for 12 years until 2002. However, in October 2002, King Gyanendra cited the Maoist uprising in the countryside and started taking over different aspects of the government with the army’s assistance. The King then finally took control as the head of government in February 2005.

In 2006, people’s movement for democracy began gaining immense force and it repeatedly refused the small concessions that the King made. In April 2006, the King restored the Third Parliament and asked the political parties to form a government. Finally, in 2007, Nepal adopted an Interim Constitution.

The reproductive cycle starting from the one menstruation till the next one in the female primates is called menstrual cycle. The first menstruation which begins at puberty and is called menarche . The cycle is repeated at an interval of 28-29 days. Menstrual cycle involve three phases- menstrual phase, follicular phase and luteal phase.

The menstrual cycle is divided into four phases, namely:

1. Menstrual phase: Day 1, uterus lining which is prepared for implantation starts to shed which lasts 3 to 5 days.
2. Follicular phase: A matured egg follicle releases an egg from one of the ovaries. Also, uterus starts preparation for another pregnancy.
3. Ovulatory phase: Mid-cycle phase, this is the phase in which ovulation takes place i.e., day 13-17. End of follicular phase along with ovulation period defines the fertilization period.
4. Luteal phase: Post ovulation phase where the fate of corpus luteum is decided. If fertilization occurs, pregnancy starts. If fertilization doesn’t occur, it marks the onset of another cycle.

Scale of preference is simply a concept that drives to satisfy the wants of an individual in the order of their priority and importance. ... Now that is the scale of preference at work. It is also of value to note that the scale determines the demand of goods in the market. A scale of preference is a list of wants arranged in an order of importance. Opportunity cost is the alternative want foregone as a particular item is chosen, or as a particular want is satisfied.

Price line is a line showing different combinations of two goods which a consumer can attain, given his income and market price of the goods.

Cardinal Utility is the idea that economic welfare can be directly observable and be given a value.

For example, people may be able to express the utility that consumption gives for certain goods. For example, if a Nissan car gives 5,000 units of utility, a BMW car would give 8,000 units. This is important for welfare economics which tries to put values on consumption. For example, allocative efficiency is said to occur when Marginal cost = Marginal Utility.

The idea of want can be examined from many perspectives. In secular societies want might be considered similar to the emotion desire, which can be studied scientifically through the disciplines of psychology or sociology.

The aim of the experiment is to study the emission of electrons by light. We also try and measure the energy of the electrons emitted in the process. In addition to this, we will also observe the relation of these electrons with the frequency of light used. To study the effect, we use an evacuated cathode ray tube connected in a circuit as shown below:

The utility of goods is its want-satisfying capability. The more the stronger the aspiration to have it, the more is the utility procured from the goods. The utility is instinctive. Distinct people can get different degrees of utility from the same goods. For instance, someone who likes sweets will get much higher utility from a sweet than someone who doesn’t sweets. The utility that an individual obtains from the goods can differ with the change in location and time. For instance, utility from the use of an Air conditioner certainly relies upon whether the person is in Srinagar or Jaipur(location) or whether it is winter or summer (season).

• Total Utility – Total utility of a determined quantity of goods or commodity (TU) is the total contentment procured from utilizing the given amount of some goods ‘p’.

• Marginal Utility – MU is the difference in total utility due to the utilization of one extra unit of goods or commodity.

• Ordinal Utility Analysis – The customer does not quantify utility in numerals. All the theory of customer decision-making under constraints of certitude can be and mostly is, conveyed in the terms of ordinal utility.

Single use goods are those goods, which can be used only once. They are finished only in one use. For example bread, butter, egg, milk etc are the single use consumer goods as they are consumed immediately and once for all. ... Durable use goods are those goods, which can be used again and again for a long period of time. Durables, also known as durable goods or consumer durables, is a category of consumer goods that do not wear out quickly, and therefore do not have to be purchased frequently. They are known as "durable goods" because they tend to last for at least three years. They are, of course, a part of core retail sales data.