This is because of two reasons:
(i) Export refers to the purchase of domestically produced goods by the rest of the world. Goods produced within the domestic territory of a country are to be treated as a part of GDP.
(ii) Export receipts refer to revenue of the firms from the sale of its output. These are not the receipts of factor incomes from abroad which are to be in the form of rent, interest, profit and wages.

The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity (Environmental Determinism) nor is there a condition of absolute freedom (Possibilism). It means that human beings can conquer nature by obeying it. A geographer, Griffith Taylor introduced another concept which reflects a middle path (Madhyam Marg) between the two ideas of environmental determinism and possibilism. He termed it as Neodeterminism or stop and go determinism. Welfare or humanistic school of thought in human geography was mainly concerned with the different aspects of social well-being of the people. These included aspects such as housing, health and education. Welfare geography is an approach to geography where the emphasis is on spatial inequality and territorial justice.

Lignite is the youngest form of coal. It is soft and ranges in color from black to shades of brown. As a result, it’s sometimes called brown coal. Lignite is mainly used for power generation and accounts for 17 percent of the world’s coal reserves.
After millions of years, continued pressure and temperature convert lignite into   sub-bituminous coal. It burns more cleanly than other types of coal due to its low sulfur content. Sub-bituminous coal has applications in power generation and also in industrial processes. This type of coal makes up 30 percent of the world’s coal reserves.

Bituminous coal  is harder and blacker than lignite and sub-bituminous coal, and can be divided into two types: thermal and metallurgical. Together, they make up 52 percent of the world’s coal reserves. Thermal coal is mostly used for power generation, cement manufacturing and other industrial purposes, while metallurgical coal is used primarily for manufacturing iron and steel.
Anthracite  is the most mature coal and thus has the highest carbon content of any type of coal. It is frequently used for home heating and, accounting for about 1 percent of the world’s total coal reserves, represents a very small portion of the overall market. Anthracite coal can be used as a smokeless fuel in domestic and industrial contexts.

Harappan civilization developed the first accurate system of standardized weights and measures. Harappans created sculptures, seals, pottery, and jewelry from materials, such as terracotta, metal, and stone. Harappan people were literate and used the Dravidian language. By 2600 BCE, the small Early Harappan communities had become large urban centers. These cities include Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mohenjo-daro in modern-day Pakistan, and Dholavira, Kalibangan, Rakhigarhi, Rupar, and Lothal in modern-day India.

Maintenance of personal and public hygiene is very important as safeguard against infectious diseases.

Measures for personal hygiene include:

• Keeping the body clean
• Consumption of clean drinking water, food, vegetables, fruits, etc.
  
  Measures for public hygiene includes:
• Proper disposal of waste and excreta
• Periodic cleaning and disinfection of water reservoirs pools, cesspools and tanks
• Observing standard practices of hygiene in public catering 
• In cases of air-borne diseases such as pneumonia and common cold, close contact with the infected persons or their belongings should be avoided.
• For diseases transmitted through insect vectors, the most important measure is to control or eliminate the vectors and their breeding places.

A locus is the specific physical location of a gene or other DNA sequence on a chromosome, like a genetic street address. The plural of locus is "loci". Alleles are variants of the same gene that occur on the same place on a chromosome. (Through a mutation, they are different.) A locus refers to the location on the chromosome where the gene is found. Loci is the plural form of locus.

In short, Westernization is about the adoption of “Western” values. On the other hand, Modernization has a wider connotation. In fact, Westernization is a sub-process of Modernization. ... In other words, Modernization is a change or modification which offers the promise of the preservation of the past. Modernity is defined as a condition of social existence that is significantly different to all past forms of human experience, while modernization refers to the transitional process of moving from “traditional” or “primitive” communities to modern societies.

Formal communication is one that passes through predefined channels of communication throughout the organization. On the contrary, Informal communication refers to the form of communication which flows in every direction, i.e. it moves freely in the organization. Formal communication refers to the flow of official information through proper, predefined channels and routes. The flow of information is controlled and needs deliberate effort to be properly communicated. Formal communication follows a hierarchical structure and chain of command.

An increase in the assets and decrease in its liabilities is credited because it is gain, A decrease in the value of assets and increase in its liabilities is debited because it is a loss, Unrecorded assets are credited, and. Unrecorded liabilities are debited. Debit the decrease in value of assets or increase in the number of liabilities to revaluation account, being a loss. The difference between the two sides of the revaluation account is either profit or loss.

Pastoralism can be defined as mobile livestock herding in the dimension of either production or livelihood. Nomadic and transhumant rearing of domesticated animals are generally two essential forms of pastoralism, with pastoral farming/enclosed ranching as the third form of pastoralism in the broad meaning.

(i) Commercial livestock rearing is more organised and capital intensive. (ii) Commercial livestock ranching is essentially associated with western cultures and is practiced on permanent ranches. These ranches cover large areas and are divided into a number of parcels, which are fenced to regulate the grazing.

A society that lacks social stratification and with the exception of inequality based on ability and age, provides equal access to resources and prestige.

Gender equality prevents violence against women and girls. It's essential for economic prosperity. Societies that value women and men as equal are safer and healthier. Gender equality is a human right. Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.  

Here are five reasons why men should concern themselves with gender equality as much as women.

• Diversity leads to a more varied thought process. ...
• Men benefit as well. ...
• Gender equality is a stepping stone to gender fluidity. ...
• It reduces employee turnover. ...
• It makes better business sense.

Oct 5, 2017

In an economy, equilibrium livel of income and employment is determined when AD (Aggregate Demand) is equal to AS (Aggregate Supply). ... In the following figure, AD represents aggregate demand curve and 45° line is the line of reference, where AS – AD. Most simply, the formula for the equilibrium level of income is when aggregate supply (AS) is equal to aggregate demand (AD), where AS = AD. Adding a little complexity, the formula becomes Y = C + I + G, where Y is aggregate income, C is consumption, I is investment expenditure, and G is government expenditure.

Peter F. Drucker is known as Father of Business studies,who is also considered as Father of management theory.