NPO or Not for Profit Organisation, also renowned as a non-business organisation or nonprofit establishment is staunched to a certain social principle or prescribing for a shared point of view. According to economic terms, it is an establishment that utilises its surfeit of the revenues to additionally attain its ultimate aim, rather than allocating its income to the entity’s leaders, shareholders or members.

1 Meaning These are the ordinary shares which can claim dividend and return of capital only after payment to others.These are the shares which enjoy preference over equity shares in case of dividend and return of capital. 

2 Rate of dividend. Equity shares are paid dividend at fluctuating rate Preference share are paid dividend at a fixed rate.

3 Voting Rights Equity share holders enjoy normal voting rights, through which they participate in the management of the company Preference shareholders enjoy restricted voting rights. They can vote only on those matters which affect their interest directly 

4 Face value Equity shares are of low face value i.e. Rs. 10/- or even less Comparatively preference shares are of high face value i.e. Rs 100/-

5 Market value Market value of equity shares changes as per company's financial positions and profitability. Market value of preference shares remains consent

6 Risk An element of risk exits in equity share capital as dividend and return of capital is uncertain. Investment in preference shares is relatively safe due to preferential treatment in case of dividend and return of capital 

7 Right Issue/Bonus shares Equity shareholders are eligible for bonus shares, if issued by the company.Preference shareholders are not eligible for bonus shares/right issue, if issued by the company.

8 Redemption Equity shares are not redeemed during the life time of the company.Redeemable preference shares are redeemed as per the agreed terms.

Seals, Script, Weights of Harappan Civilisation: Seals and sealings were used to facilitate long distance communication. If the bag of goods reached with its sealing intact, it meant that it had not been tampered with. Seals also conveyed the identity of the sender.

The Great Bath—a rectangular structure which resembled a swimming pool—was an important structure at Mohenjodaro. It was a large complex with six entrances, a central bathing pool, dressing rooms on all sides and an adjacent well. Steps lead to the bottom of the pool from two sides. Water from an adjacent well was used to fill the pool with fresh water, and an outlet in the corner was used to drain dirty water. It was made up of baked bricks and was made watertight with a layer of bitumen or natural tar. The Great Bath was perhaps used by important people on special occasions.

Political parties and groups in our country believed that India should be more friendly with the bloc led by the US because the bloc claimed to be pro-democracy.

It is an international organisation to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to prevent its use for military purposes.

Indus Valley Civilization which is also referred as Harappan civilization is of the largest cities of its time.This civilization was discovered in 1920 - 22 with the excavation of two of its most important sites i.e , Harappa on the banks of the river Ravi and Mohenjodaro on the banks of the Indus. The Indus Valley civilization is called the Harappan civilization because Harappa was the first site where the unique archaeological evidences of the civilization were discovered.

The current account of the balance of payments includes a country's key activity, such as capital markets and services. CAB will tell whether a country is in a surplus or deficit. There are four major components of a current account, including goods, services, income, and current transfers. The current account represents a country's imports and exports of goods and services, payments made to foreign investors, and transfers such as foreign aid. The current account tracks actual transactions, such as import and export goods. The capital account tracks the net balance of international investments – in other words, it keeps track of the flow of money between a nation and its foreign partners.

The practice of commercial exploitation of biochemicals or genetic materials which occur naturally is known as biopiracy. Typically, indigenous people have traditional cognition primarily consisting of biological features and genetic diversity of the natural environment from one generation to another. Few of the traditional knowledge relevant to global survival has the elements listed below:

1. Farming or Agriculture.
2. Medicinal Plants.
3. Varieties of Food crops.

The essential components for the survival of rural and indigenous people include conservation of habitat, species, and biodiversity.

Following are the important features of the town planning of the Harappan cities:

1. The Harappan cities were generally divided into two main parts - the raised area; known as the ‘Citadel’, and the lower town. The Citadel was more in height because the buildings in it were built on mud brick platforms. This area was separated from the lower town by a wall. The Citadel had within its fold important buildings like the Great Bath, the assembly hall, the granary and the workshops. The lower town, on the other hand had residential dwellings.
2. The main streets of the Harappan cities were built according to the grid pattern. They were built from north to south and from east to west.
3. The houses built on the corners of streets were rounded in order to allow the passage of carts. The main road in the city of Mohenjo-daro was 10.5 meters wide and 800 meters long.
4. The house drains relayed all the waste water to the drains built in streets.
5. The streets were so designed as to cross the main road of the city at right angles, thus dividing the city into square or rectangular blocks.

• Magnets are used inside TVs, Sound speakers and radios. The small coil of wire and a magnet inside a speaker transforms the electronic signal to sound vibrations.

• Magnets are used inside a generator to transform mechanical energy to electrical energy where there are other kinds of motors which use magnets to change electrical energy to mechanical energy.

• Electrically charged magnets can help cranes to move large metal pieces.

• Magnets are used in filtering machines which separates metallic ores from crushed rocks.

• It is also used in food processing industries for separating small metallic pieces from grains etc.

• Magnets are used in MRI machines which are used to create an image of the bone structure, organs, and tissues. Even magnets are used to cure cancer.

• At home, you use magnets when you stick a paper on the refrigerator in order to remember something. Attaching a magnetic bottle opener to the fridge can come in handy.

Employee Stock Option Plan or ESOP is wherein company issues shares to its employees at a price that is lower than the market price. Employee gets an option to execute the offer with an objective of motivating employees to perform better and promote a sense of ownership.

After the failure of First Round Table Conference efforts were made by the Government to make an agreement that  the congress  would attend the next Round Table Conference.
The Viceroy, Lord Irwin, was authorised to hold talks with Mahatma Gandhi. Finally, Gandhi and Irwin made an agreement on 5 March 1931.
The agreement is called Gandhi-Irwin pact
By this pact Government agreed to release most of the civil disobedience volunteers, against whom there was no allegation of violence.
The Congress suspended the Civil Disobedience Movement and agreed to participate in the second Round Table Conference.