Chemical Methods of Preparation of Colloids

Hydrophilic or Lyophobic colloidal solutions can be prepared by various chemical techniques such as:

• Double Decomposition Technique: When hydrogen sulphide is passed through a solution of arsenious oxide in distilled water, we get a colloidal solution of arsenious chloride.

As₂O₃ + 3H₂S → As₂S₃ +  3H₂O

• Oxidation Technique: A colloidal solution of Sulphur is made to pass through an aqueous solution of sulphur dioxide. It can also be obtained by passing the gas through a solution of an oxidization agent such as bromine water as well as nitric acid.

SO₂ + 2H₂S →  2H₂O + 3S

H₂S + [O] →  H₂O + S

Evans had some really efficient, cunning and smart friends. The tutor who came to give night classes was his friend. The person in the examination board, who sent clue about the hotle in the correction slip, was his intimate and loyal friend. Even the invigilator was also his friend. The people in the prison van were also his friends.

Opium is a highly addictive narcotic drug acquired in the dried latex form the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) seed pod. Heroin is derived from the morphine alkaloid found in opium.

Traditionally the unripened pod is slit open and the sap seeps out and dries on the outer surface of the pod. The resulting yellow-brown latex, which is scraped off of the pod, is bitter in taste and contains varying amounts of alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, thebaine and papaverine.

Other synthetic or semisynthetic opium derivatives include fentanyl, methadone, oxycodone and hydrocodone.

Tea, cocoa and coffe are obtained from dried leaves and seeds of different plants. All these contain caffeine.

(i) A business plan is a comprehensively written down document prepared by the entrepreneur describing formally all the relevant external and internal elements involved in starting a new venture.
(ii) It is a ‘road map’ required by the venture to evolve from an early start up to a mature business.
(iii) It workout all the relevant external and internal elements involved in starting a new venture and then running it successfully.
(iv) It is a formal statement of a set of business goals to be achieved by the enterprise.

Reproduction is the process of producing offsprings that are biologically or genetically similar to the parent organism.

Five permanent member countries i.e France, Russia, UK, the US, China got veto power because they have been emerged as industrialised developed countries to stall any decision.

When M Hamel came to know that it was his last day in the school where he spent 40 years of life so he had put on his fine sunday clothes.Villagers,who were habitual to postpone the things for tomorrow now came to understand that there was no time for them that they could do the french and learn it well.

Filiform system assists in entering a pollen tube into an ovule synergy. The filiform device is a finger-like projection consisting of an enclosed core of microfibrils in a sheath. The filiform apparatus resembles the transfer cells “meaning the movement of metabolites at short distances. The filiform system which extracts food from the nucleus.

The empirical result shows that the elasticity coefficients of health indicators like crude birth rate, crude death rate, infant mortality rate and life expectancy at birth with respect to health infrastructure are -37.966, -27.816, - 30.598 and 10.282 respectively. The public system is essentially free for all Indian residents except for small, often symbolic co-payments in some services. In 2019, the total net government spending on healthcare was $ 36 billion or 1.23 % of its GDP.

A national language is a language (or language variant, e.g. dialect) that has some connection—de facto or de jure—with a nation. ... One or more languages spoken as first languages in the territory of a country may be referred to informally or designated in legislation as national languages of the country. National language is a driving force behind unity of the nation's people, and makes them distinct from other nations – provided you give your language respect. Giving respect to your national language means that it should be one's primary language, as well as the preferred source of communication at every level. Language can have scores of characteristics but the following are the most important ones: language is arbitrary, productive, creative, systematic, vocalic, social, non-instinctive and conventional. These characteristics of language set human language apart from animal communication.

During fertilization, the sperm and egg unite in one of the fallopian tubes to form a zygote. Then the zygote travels down the fallopian tube, where it becomes a morula. Once it reaches the uterus, the morula becomes a blastocyst. The blastocyst then burrows into the uterine lining — a process called implantation. A pregnancy starts with fertilization, when a woman's egg joins with a man's sperm. Fertilization usually takes place in a fallopian tube that links an ovary to the uterus. If the fertilized egg successfully travels down the fallopian tube and implants in the uterus, an embryo starts growing.

उदारवाद यानि (libration) मध्य वर्गो के लिए उदारवाद का मतलब था व्यक्ति के लिए आजादी और कानून के समक्ष बराबरी ।

Capital goods are goods used by one business to help another business produce consumer goods. Consumer goods are used by consumers and have no future productive use. Capital goods include items like buildings, machinery and tools. Examples of consumer goods include food, appliances, clothing and automobiles. Human capital relates to the expected goods people should be able to produce, whereas, capital goods focus on the total output people produce. ... Human capital is the investment humans make in factories and machinery, whereas, capital goods are the investment humans make in education to produce technology.

The phenomenon in which two or more waves superpose to form a resultant wave of greater, lower or the same amplitude.

The interference of waves results in the medium taking shape resulting from the net effect of the two individual waves. To better understand, let us consider the example of two pulses of the same amplitude travelling in different directions along with the same medium. Let us consider each displaced upward by 1 unit at its crest and has the shape of a sine wave. As these sine pulses move towards each other, there will be a moment in time when they are completely overlapped. At this point, the shape of the medium would be an upward displaced sine wave with an amplitude of 2 units.

Hegemony is defined as the dominance or leadership by a single state over other states. It is the social, economic and political dominance of a state over other states. It is the political and military supremacy over others. 

US Hegemony is the supremacy and dominance of the United States over other countries. Over the years, America has grown to be a world power; both politically and economically. 

Hard power is the use of military in order to influence and win over other states. 

During the World War II, US came out as big military force. Also after 9/11, it started a military operation against terrorism all across the world showing its military dominance. 

Soft power is the use of persuasive terms to gain power and supremacy over other nations. US has a history of using soft power to gain supremacy in the international spectrum. US Marshall Plan is an example of US using soft power. It aided Western Europe in billions to keep it safe from Soviet influence. It gained a lot of good will and support by the Europeans as a result. 

Structural power is the form of power used to systematically  interact within societies and states. US foreign policy has always helped it gain power over other states with its ways of communication. It has set up trade routes such as NATO with alliance of other countries which shows their structural power.