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Social safety nets refer to welfare measures implemented by states to provide social security to poor and weaker section of society who is at the receiving end of economic development.
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
In India, twin problems exist i.e., poverty and unemployment. Poverty alleviation has been one of the guiding principles of the planning process in India. Poverty can effectively be eradicated only when the poor start contributing lo growth by their active involvement in the growth process. This can only be achieved by launching various employment schemes. Following points discussed the importance of Employment Generation Programmes to eradicate poverty.
(i) Nexus between Unemployment and Poverty There exists a deep nexus between unemployment and poverty. If employment opportunities are generated, then more people will be employed leading to rise in their income which in turn will reduce poverty.
(ii) Availability of Basic Facilities With the rise in employment opportunities, income increases and poor people are able to get access to education, health facilities, proper sanitation etc.
(iii) Creation of Assets The Employment Generation Programmes aim at creation of assets like water harvesting, irrigation facilities, construction of roads, construction of dams etc. All these assets help in the social and economic development of the rural areas and hence eradication of poverty.
(iv) Creation of Skills An essential element of employment generation programmes is the formation of human capital by imparting skills to the unskilled labourers through training. This skill formation enhances income earning capability of poor people. Thus, such poverty alleviation programmes like Prime Minister's Rozgar Yojana, Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rogzar Yojana, National Food for Work Programme, Annapurna are came into an existence.
Posted by Vidya Vipul 4 years, 10 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
A Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is an electrode that scientists use for reference on all half-cell potential reactions. The value of the standard electrode potential is zero, which forms the basis one needs to calculate cell potentials using different electrodes or different concentrations. SHE is composed of a 1.0 M H+(aq) solution containing a square piece of platinized platinum (connected to a platinum wire where electrons can be exchanged) inside a tube.
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Before drawing a fixture, two things are ensured, i.e. whether the number of teams participating is a power of two or not. If the number of teams is a power of two, byes are not given. In case the number of teams is not a power of two, then byes shall be given. For instance if the number of teams participating are 11, next higher power of two will be 16. So, the number of byes is 16 – 11 =5.
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
General Methods of Preparation of Alcohols 1. Hydrolysis of Halides
Alkyl halides when boiled with an aqueous solution of an alkali hydroxide give alcohol through nucleophilic substitution mechanism.
R-X + KOH → R-OH + KX
This general procedure produces primary and secondary alcohols. Glycerol can be synthesized from propylene by a series of reactions including the hydrolysis of a halide as one step in the process.
2. Hydration of Alkanes
Direct hydration takes place by adding water in the presence of a catalyst.
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is used for preparing only primary amines. Phthalimide is first treated with KOH and then with an alkyl halide to form N-alkyl phthalimide. N-alkyl phthalimide on hydrolysis gives primary amine.
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 10 months ago
The zamindars adopted various means and measures to establish their control over their zamindaris. These are as under:
(i) They adopted the strategy of fictitious sale of land. When a part of their estate was auctioned, their men bought the property by giving higher bids than others. Later on they refused to pay up the purchase money. So there was again auction. The same process of purchase was repeated. At last the state felt exhausted. It sold the estate at a low price again to the zamindar.
(ii) They created hurdles in the possession of the land if anyone from outside the zamindari bought an estate at an auction.
(iii) They transferred some of the estates in the name of women as the property of women could not be taken over.
(iv) The Lathyals of the former zamindars sometimes attacked the new buyers.
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Shourya Sharma Sharma 4 years, 10 months ago
11Thank You