We need international organizations like the UN :

1. To resolve the conflicts and differences among the nations.
2. To prescribe rules, regulations, and mechanisms for cooperation to avoid mistrust and mismanagement.
3. To calculate the bias-free data of all the countries to get to know their condition and suggest some advices.

EVOLUTION OF THE UN

(i) The UN was founded as a successor to the League of Nations. It was established in 1945.
(ii) The UN was set up through the signing of the UN Charter by 51 Nations.
(iii) It was formed with the help that it would act to stop conflict and wars.

(iv) By 2006, UN had 192 members. These included almost all independent states.

1. The Stupa was the sacred place. They preserved the relics of Buddha Such as his bodily remains or the objects used by him all these things were buried in the stupas.

2. Tathagata was another name for the Buddha He told Ananda that the honor to his worldly. Remainsis not important. He laid stress on the importance of one's good deeds. The stupas should be erected on the holy places if anybody placed garlands of perfume or saluted them, he will not only get the peace of mind but also profit-and joy.

3.The stupas were built at many places. The most important stupas existed at Bharhut, Sachi and Sarnath.

Q u e s  t i o n : If A is square matrix such that A²=A, then (I+A)³-7A is equal to 

A n s w e r

Given that

A²=A

We have to find (I+A)²-7A

(I+A)³-7A

 The three approaches introduced in 1970’s in human geography are :
(i)Welfare Approach : The influence of capitalism in the world is constantly on the rise. On account of capitalism various types of difference-economic, social and others-among groups of people are on the rise. In order to find solutions to these inequalities the welfare approach was born. David Harvey and D.M. Smith are proponents of this thought.
(ii)Behavioural Approach: The limitations placed by positivism led to reactions against it. This ‘approach’ is mainy borrowed from psychology. The Behavioural approach was an antithesis of positivism in which the cognitive power of human beings was emphasised. Woolpert and Oloson are the staunch supporters of Behavioural Approach.
(iii)Radical Approach: The radical school of thought employed Marxian theory (welfare) and explained the basic cause of poverty, deprivation and social inequality. The contemporary social problems were related to the development of welfare approach.

The three approaches introduced in 1970's in human geography are :
(i)Welfare Approach : The influence of capitalism in the world is constantly on the rise. On account of capitalism various types of difference-economic, social and others-among groups of people are on the rise

After his misadventure in the pool at the Y.M.C.A., Douglas was amidst the fear of water. He realised that his fishing trips, canoeing, swimming and boating were over. He tried his best to overcome it but the haunting fear of the water followed him everywhere. Finally he decided to engage an instructor to learn to swim and to overcome his fear. He went to the pool and practised for five days a week, an hour each day. The instructor put a belt around him and a rope was attached to the belt. The rope went through a pulley that ran an overhead cable. Douglas held one end of the rope and went back and forth across the pool. On each trip, some of the terror would seize him up. After three months, the tension began to decrease.

Piece by piece he shed the panic. He taught him to put his face under water and exhale. He also learnt how to raise his nose and inhale. This exercise was repeated hundreds of times.

Now he was able to shed part of the fear that seized him under water. He went to Lake Wentworth Triggs Island and Slamp Act Island. He swam two miles across the lake. Now he was determined and he swam on. He shouted with joy and he had conquered his fear of water.

Evans is a rather quiet and non-violent person. He has a great presence of mind and is admired for his quick-witted intelligence. He wanted to sit for the O-Level German examination because he was very keen to improve his academic qualification.

A. During Epic Age gambling was a very prominent social evil. This practice was followed even by members of a royal family. The social position of women was very humble. They were considered as personal property of their husband. Even a member of a royal family like Yudhisthira staked his wife, Draupadi in gambling.

There was slavery in India during Epic Age.

B. I agree with the second view. I can give the following arguments in support of my view:

Yudhisthira was not a freeman when he had lost himself. He could not stake another person i.e. Draupadi. As later on, Dhritarashtra restored to the Pandavas and Draupadi their personal freedom, it meant that Pandavas were regranted freedom.

C. A comparison of the status of women: At that time (i.e. during the days of the Mahabharata) the women were not enjoying full freedom and equal social status. They were considered person. I property by royal male members. They were even staked even by their life-partners in gambling. On present time women are more awakened. They are equal citizens of a democratic system. Generally, constitution of a country grants them equality, freedom and right

of education and equal opportunity to hold highest public office.

Different committees work together for the smooth conduct of the sports events.The various committees are:

(ì) Technical Committee: This committee is responsible for the technical conduct or the Emmis. This committee selects various officials such as referees, judges, starters, umpires, time keepers etc.

A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial form. A monitor usually comprises the visual display, circuitry, casing, and power supply. The display device in modern monitors is typically a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) with LED backlighting having replaced cold-cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlighting. Older monitors used a cathode ray tube (CRT). Monitors are connected to the computer via VGA, Digital Visual Interface (DVI), HDMI, DisplayPort, Thunderbolt, low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) or other proprietary connectors and signals.

According to the Constitution, during the Emergency, the Central Government has special powers. During the Emergency, the Government did the following:

• Protests and agitations by government employees were banned.
• Media were strictly controlled.
• Fundamental Rights of the citizens were suspended. Even the courts could not enforce article 32.
• A number of preventive arrests of leaders were made. By doing all these things, the democratic set-up was seriously shaken.

The media could publish only things the government approved. Protesting against this, Newspapers like Indian Express and Statesman published their papers leaving some columns blank. Many journalists were under preventive detention. Many Opposition leaders were also kept in preventive custody. The argument for keeping them in jail was preventing any possible violence. Many leaders went underground. The suspension of article 32 was like closing the doors of justice on people. People could not even file ‘Habeas Corpus’. Later article 42 was also amended. We can easily say that the Emergency adversely affected the people in many ways.

A n s w e r
Profit before Interest and Tax = Profit after Tax + Tax +Interest

= 1,70,000 + 30,000 + 50,000 = 2,50,000

Interest Coverage Ratio :

= Net profit before Interest and Tax / Interest

= 250000 / 50000=5 times

The facts mentioned below make the European Union a highly influential regional organisation :

1. It has its own flag, anthem, founding date and currency.

2. It has forum of a foreign and security policy in its dealings with other nations.

3. The EU is the world’s biggest economy with a GDP of more than $12 trillion in 2005 slightly larger than that of the United States.

4. Its currency, the euro, poses a threat to the dominance of the US dollar.

5. Its share of world trade is three times larger than that of the United States. Its economic power gives it influence over its closest neighbours as well as in Asia and Africa.

6. It role as an important bloc in international economic organisations such as the World Trade Organisation.

7. It has political and diplomatic influence. Two members of EU–Britain and France-are permanent members of UN Security Council. Some of its members are non-permanent members of UN Security Council. Its use of diplomacy, economic investments and negotiations rather than coercion have been more effective in dialogue with China on human rights and environmental degradation.

8. Its military power is the second largest in the world. Britain and France have nuclear arsenals.

9. It is the world’s second most important source of space and communication technology.

Thus, as supranational organisation, the EU is able to intervene in economic, political and social areas of the world.

 Lower Level Management or Supervisory Level (consists of supervisors, foremen and superintendents).
Functions performed at operational/supervisory level are:
(a) They interact with the actual workforce and pass on instructions of the middle management.
(b) Maintains discipline among workers.
(c) Ensures quality output, minimum wastage and safety standards.

Pakistan and Bangladesh have experienced both civilian and military rulers, with Bangladesh remaining democracy, in the Post Cold War period. Pakistan began the post cold war period with successive democratic governments under Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif respectively. But it suffered a military coup in 1999 and-has been run by a military regime since then. Till 2006, Nepal was a constitutional monarchy with the danger of the king taking over executive powers. In 2006, a successful uprising led to restoration of democracy and reduced the king to a nominal position, from the experience of Bangladesh and Nepal, we can say that democracy is becoming an accepted norm in the entire region of South Asia.

Mr. Lamb: He is an important character in the lesson “On the face of it”. He has a tin leg. Children called him Lamey- Lamb. He lived alone and kept the doors of his garden open which symbolises his openmindedness to all who visited his garden. He knew the art of living. He was a man with positive attitude. He brought a major change in Derrys attitude towards life as he was full of negativity due to the scar on his face. Mr. Lamb told him to meet people happily and learn to be happy with himself instead of burning himself with the acid of hatred for others. Mr. Lamb was a lonely person. He used to get happiness by spending time with others and reading books. In the end Derry shows respect for him by coming back to him to help him pluck crab apples but finds him dead due to his Mr. Lamb s fall from the ladder.

Derry is a 14 year old young lad whose face is half burnt because of acid spill on it. His ugly looks made him a pessimist and a loner with various negative complexes. Derry was always introverted, frustrated, angry, and withdrawn. Moreover, he always had low confidence and dwelled in self-pity apart from always being suspicious about others’ intentions towards him.

Lamb

He is an important character in the lesson, Lamey- Lamb. On the face of it. He has a tin leg. Children called him He liked making jellies for them. He lived alone and kept the doors of his garden open which symbolises his open-mindedness to all who visited his garden. He knew the art of living. He was a man with positive attitude. He brought a major change in Derry s attitude towards life as he was full of negativity due to the scar on his face. Mr. Lamb told him to meet people happily and learn to be happy with himself instead of burning himself with the acid of hatred for others inside him. Mr. Lamb was a lonely person. He used to get happiness by spending time with others and reading books. In the end, Derry shows respect for him by coming back to him to help him pluck crab apples but finds him dead due to his (Mr. Lamb s) fall from the ladder.

The moment of the dipole is directed between -ve charge and + charge. Net force and torque on the system should be zero in equilibrium. Therefore, if Potential Energy is high, the equilibrium will be unstable, and equilibrium will be stable for minimum Potential Energy.

The measure of force which induces an object to rotate around an axis is called the torque. Torque is a quantity of vectors and its path depends on the direction of force on the axis. Torque is given by the formula

→τ=→p×→E

τ = pE sinθ……………………(1)

Potential energy (U) of the system is given as

U = -pE cosθ …………………….(2)

In uniform electric field net force on

(1) Torque can be zero only if θ is 0⁰ or π⁰.

(2) Dipole moment is always zero.

Now let us consider θ = 0 then equation (2) becomes

Potential energy (U) = -pE cos0

U = -pE

Let us consider θ = 180⁰ then equation (2) becomes

U = +pE

∴ PE is high in the case of θ = 180⁰, the equilibrium will be unstable and when θ = 0 then PE is low, so the equilibrium is stable.

Dipole is in constant equilibrium if θ = 0⁰.

A a dipole in stable equilibrium, when Electric filed and dipole moment are perpendicular to each other i.e. the angle between them is zero degree and torque will be maximum.