(d) All of the above

1. Healthy Sports Environment A healthy sports environment plays a vital role in motivating the sportsperson. Healthy sport environment consists of proper humidity and temperature, smooth and clean sports fields, good quality of sports equipment and other facilities. .
2.  Positive Attitude For proper motivation, the coaches should try to encourage positive attitude among sportspersons. Players must think positively.
3.  Cash Prizes, Certificates and Trophies These are good incentives to sportspersons. Governments offer cash prizes to sportspersons who win.

CLASS XII BOOK CHAPTER DELETED

Indian Society

1. The Market as a Social Institution

Social Change and Development in India

1. The Story of Indian Democracy

2. Globalisation and Social Change

3. Mass Media and Communications

Mr. Lamb calls Derek his friend while Derek refuses his affirmation.

 Mr. Lamb’s positivity, attitude towards life, optimism, maturity, explaining with examples, persistence towards Derek---accepting of Derek will all his imperfections— calls him a friend ---said there were friends everywhere— explains saying they aren’t enemies 

नियंत्रण प्रबधंक का एक महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य है। आधार पर उसके सुधार के लिए कार्य करता है। अधीनस्थों से नियोजित परिणामों की इच्छा रखने इस प्रक्रिया द्वारा भविष्य के लिए नियोजन करने के लिए एक प्रबंधक को उनके क्रियाकलापों पर में सहायता मिलती है। क्योंकि जो समस्याएँ प्रभावी नियंत्रण की आवश्यकता होती है।

A virus is a small parasite that cannot reproduce by itself. Once it infects a susceptible cell, however, a virus can direct the cell machinery to produce more viruses. Most viruses have either RNA or DNA as their genetic material. The nucleic acid may be single- or double-stranded.

When the genetic material is single-stranded RNA then it is the RNA virus.

The viruses that have DNA as genetic material are the DNA viruses. They have the mechanism related to the replication of the DNA and the enzymes. The DNA replication enzyme DNA polymerase has a special quality that is the proofreading which prevents the mutations as it eliminates them. whereas in the RNA viruses they don't have this property as they have RNA polymerase and they dot have his tendency and thus the mutation is faster.

When banking habits of people improve, they start holding less money as cash-in-hand. Instead, more and more money is deposited with the commercial banks. Accordingly, cash reserves of the commercial banks start rising. Higher cash reserves of the banks enable them to deposit more funds with the RBI as CRR deposits. If CRR remains constant, higher CRR-deposits with the RBI give the commercial banks legal authority to create more credit by way of loans /credit. Accordingly, availability of credit from the commercial banks is increased. 

Management is not considered as a full-fledged profession like medical and legal profession because:

1. Restrict entry: Management has restricted entry through an examination or degree as in profession.

2. Presence of professional associations: All profession has some associations affiliated to it and even management has association affiliated to it. 

3. Existing of ethical code: For every profession there are some set of ethical codes fixed by the profession association. Management also has some ethical codes fixed by the concerned professional association. 

Propanoyl chloride and propanoic acid can be differentiated by the chemical reactions given as below:

Propanoyl chloride reacts with few drops of water, to give hydrochloric acid and original carboxylic acid. On dipping blue litmus paper into it, it turns into red color.

On adding NaHCO3 , solution to each of them, propanoyl chloride will not react whereas propanoic acid will give brisk èfferevescence due to the evolution of CO2 .Read more on Sarthaks.com - https://www.sarthaks.com/919462/chemical-tests-distinguish-between-following-compounds-propanoyl-chloride-propanoic

Reflexive Relation

A relation in a set A is called reflexive relation if (a,a) ∈ R for every element a ∈ A.
Example:.
Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4,5,6,7,8,9,10} and define R = {(a, b) | a divides b}
We saw that R was reflexive since every number divides itself
Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4,5,6,7,8,9,10} and define R ={(1,1),(2,2),(2,3),(3,2),(4,4)}
We saw that R is not reflexive since every number is not present in R

The energy or potential applied in the electron-beam tube or system to increase the energy of the electrons and accelerate their speed is known as accelerating potential.

The negative potential of the collector plate at which the photoelectric current becomes zero is called stopping potential or cut-off potential. Stopping potential is that value of retarding potential difference between two plates which is just sufficient to halt the most energetic photoelectrons emitted.

Passive Voice –  When the action expressed by the verb is received by the subject, it is passive voice. Passive voice is used when the doer of the action is not known and the focus of the sentence is on the action and not the subject.

Passive Voice Examples:

• Eggs are laid by hens.
• Nests are built by birds.

Candidates preparing for any Government exam can check other important topics for the English language section.

Franz was expected to be prepared with for school that day on participles .he was in a great deed of scolding beacause that day M.Hamel ,his class teacher was listen to him about the participles .and he did not knew even the first word of participles