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Ask QuestionPosted by Abhimanyu Rawat 4 years, 11 months ago
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Posted by Abhimanyu Rawat 4 years, 11 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 11 months ago
Process of transcription
In prokaryotes
Transcription takes place in three steps
- Initiation
- RNA polymerase binds to promoter and initiates transcription.
- Initiation factor or sigma (σ) recognizes the promoter of the DNA.
- Elongation
- RNA polymerase facilitates opening of the helix and continues elongation.
- RNA polymerase uses nucleoside triphosphates as substrate and polymerizes in a template depended fashion following the rule of complementarity.
- Only a short stretch of RNA remains bound to the enzyme.
- Termination
- Once the polymerases reaches the terminator region RNA polymerase binds with the termination-factor (ρ) to terminate transcription.
- The nascent RNA falls off with the RNA polymerase which results in termination of transcription.
- The transcription and translation can be coupled in bacteria as the mRNA does not require any processing to become active, and also transcription and translation take place in the same compartment
In eukaryotes
- There are two additional complexities in eukaryotes.
- The first complexity is that there are at least three RNA polymerases in the nucleus.
- The RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNAs (28S, 18S, and 5.8S)
- The RNA polymerase III is responsible for transcription of tRNA, 5srRNA, and snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs).
- The RNA polymerase II transcribes precursor of mRNA, the heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA).
- The second complexity is that the primary transcripts contain both the exons and the introns and are non-functional.
- Primary transcripts are subjected to a process called splicing where the introns are removed and exons are joined in a defined order.
- hnRNA undergo two additional processing called as capping and tailing.
- In capping an unusual nucleotide (methyl guanosine triphosphate) is added to the 5'-end of hnRNA.
- In tailing, adenylate residues (200-300) are added at 3'-end in a template independent manner and the fully processed hnRNA is called mRNA
- mRNA is transported out of the nucleus for translation.
Significance of complexities
- The split-gene arrangements represent probably an ancient feature of the genome.
- The presence of introns is reminiscent of antiquity, and the process of splicing represents the dominance of RNA-world.
Posted by Preethi Balaji 4 years, 11 months ago
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Shruti Singh 4 years, 11 months ago
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Posted by Nitish Raj 4 years, 11 months ago
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Anjali Bhardwaj 4 years, 11 months ago
Posted by Preethi Balaji 4 years, 11 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 11 months ago
Dominance: The alleles IA and IB are dominant over allele i as IA and IB form antigens A and B, respectively, but i does not form any antigen.
Co-dominance: Both the alleles IA and IB are co-dominant as both of them are able to express themselves in the presence of each other in blood group AB (IAIB) by forming antigens A and B.
Multiple allelism: It is the phenomenon of occurrence of a gene in more than two allelic forms on the same locus. The ABO blood group in humans is determined by three different allelic forms IA, IB and i.
The above three explanations prove that the inheritance of ABO blood group in humans shows dominance, co-dominance and multiple allelism.
|
Genotype |
Surface antigen |
Blood group |
|
IAi |
A |
A |
|
IAIA |
A |
A |
|
IBi |
B |
B |
|
IBIB |
B |
B |
|
IAIB |
AB |
AB |
|
ii |
- |
O |
Posted by Nitish Raj 4 years, 11 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 11 months ago
Following reaction is an example of which type of reaction:
NaCl + AgNO3 →AgCl + NaNO3.
Since there is an exchange of ions between the reactants, it is a double displacement reaction.
Posted by Shrey Jha 4 years, 11 months ago
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Dheeraj Kumar Yadav 4 years, 11 months ago
Posted by Shrey Jha 4 years, 11 months ago
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Dheeraj Kumar Yadav 4 years, 11 months ago
Posted by Shrey Jha 4 years, 11 months ago
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Dheeraj Kumar Yadav 4 years, 11 months ago
Posted by Shrey Jha 4 years, 11 months ago
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Dheeraj Kumar Yadav 4 years, 11 months ago
Posted by Shrey Jha 4 years, 11 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 11 months ago
इस समय तक गांधीजी 6 वर्ष के लंबे अंतराल के बाद 1927 में सक्रिय राजनीति में पुनः वापस लौट आए थे महात्मा गांधीजी दिसंबर 1928 के कांग्रेस के कलकत्ता अधिवेशन में शामिल हुए थे
- कांग्रेस का पहला काम जुझारू वामपंथ से मेल मिलाप करना था दिसंबर 1929 में कांग्रेस का अधिवेशन लाहौर में हुआ था
- लाहौर का कांग्रेस अधिवेशन ऐतिहासिक अधिवेशन कहलाया इस अधिवेशन के अध्यक्ष महात्मा गांधी जी को चुना गया था लेकिन उन्होंने अपनी जगह जवाहरलाल नेहरु को अध्यक्ष बनाया अथार्थ लाहौर अधिवेशन की अध्यक्षता पंडित जवाहरलाल नेहरू ने की थी
- इस अधिवेशन में स्पष्ट कहा गया कि नेहरू रिपोर्ट को लागू करने की अवधि समाप्त हो गई है
Posted by Shrey Jha 4 years, 11 months ago
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Dheeraj Kumar Yadav 4 years, 11 months ago
Posted by Suman Garg 4 years, 11 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 11 months ago
Principles of management emphasize on logical and rational decision making rather than on the basis of bias and prejudice. The given statement highlights that the knowledge of principles of management leads to Principles of management are not based on rule of thumb/hit-and-trial method, but on a scientific approach.
Posted by Shrey Jha 4 years, 11 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 11 months ago
'चंपारण' बिहार राज्य का एक जिला है और इस जिले के किसानों की मदद करने के लिए इस आंदोलन को शुरू किया गया था. जिसके चलते इस आंदोलन का नाम चंपारण रख दिया गया था. इस जिले के किसानों से जबरदस्ती नील की खेती करवाई जा रही थी. जिससे इस जिले के किसान काफी परेशान थे.
Posted by Shrey Jha 4 years, 11 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 11 months ago
(i) 1853 में रेलवे की शुरुआत का मतलब शहरों की किस्मत में बदलाव था। आर्थिक गतिविधि धीरे-धीरे पारंपरिक शहरों से दूर हो गई जो पुराने मार्गों और नदियों के किनारे स्थित थे।
(ii) रेलवे स्टेशन सभी तीन औपनिवेशिक शहरों (कलकत्ता, बॉम्बे और मद्रास) में विकसित किए गए थे और इन शहरों के आसपास के कुछ महत्वपूर्ण शहर या शहर थे। रेलवे स्टेशनों का उपयोग सरकारी अधिकारियों, सिपाहियों, व्यापारियों, व्यापारियों और पर्यटकों द्वारा किया जाता था।
(iii) प्रमुख शहरों और देश के बाकी हिस्सों के बीच रेलवे लिंक के नेटवर्क के विस्तार के साथ। रेलवे ने आकार, जनसंख्या, कारखानों, उद्योगों, परिवहन, बेहतर सामाजिक संबंधों और आपसी समझ के विकास में इन शहरों की मदद की।
(iv) शहर राजनीतिक विचारों के आदान-प्रदान या आदान-प्रदान के केंद्र बन गए और राष्ट्रीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में भाग लेने के लिए शहरों के मध्यम वर्ग की बहुत मदद की।
Posted by Shrey Jha 4 years, 11 months ago
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Dheeraj Kumar Yadav 4 years, 11 months ago
Posted by Anita Das 4 years, 11 months ago
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Posted by Manish Rajput Roll No 20 4 years, 11 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 11 months ago
(d) उपरोक्त सभी
अतिरिक्त स्पष्टीकरण
क्षेत्रीय संगठनों को बनाने के उद्देश्य निम्नलिखित प्रकार से व्यक्त कर सकते हैं:
- क्षेत्रीय संगठन क्षेत्रीय सहयोग को बढ़ावा देते हैं और क्षेत्र की आर्थिक गतिविधियों में तेजी लाने की भूमिका निभाते हैं। इससे क्षेत्रीय संगठन के सदस्य देशों को आर्थिक उन्नति की अधिक आशा होती है।
- क्षेत्र संगठन आकार में छोटे होते हैं और उनके सदस्य देशों में एकता की भावना जल्दी मजबूत हो जाती है।
- क्षेत्रीय संगठन विश्व में शक्ति संतुलन बनाए रखने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं जिससे कोई भी देश या संगठन वर्चस्व प्राप्त नहीं कर पाता और संसार के देश किसी भी देश की दादागिरी से बचे रहते हैं।
- क्षेत्रीय संगठन सदस्यों के आपसी व्यापार को बढ़ाने में अधिक सुविधा प्रदान करते हैं क्योंकि व्यापारिक गतिविधियों पर नजदीक से और अच्छी नजर रखी जा सकती है।
- क्षेत्रीय संगठन के सदस्यों की संख्या अधिक नहीं होती इसलिए उन्हें अपने विवाद आपसी बातचीत से निपटने में सुविधा रहती है। साथ ही क्षेत्र संगठन के सदस्यों का एक- दूसरे से आमने-सामने के संबंध होने के कारण एक-दूसरे की बात या पड़ोसी राज्य के सुझाव जल्दी मान लेते हैं।
Posted by Chirag Sharma 4 years, 11 months ago
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Posted by Suraj Kumar 4 years, 11 months ago
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Posted by Anshika Chauhan 4 years, 11 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 11 months ago
The rulers of Vijayanagara made many innovations in the architectural traditions. They added many new features in the temple architecture. These large structures were a show of their imperial authority. For example, they built gopurams and royal gateways. The towers of the central shrines signalled the presence of the temple from a great distance. But the royal gateways surpassed them in height. They reminded the power of the kings. They showed that the kings had full command over the resources, techniques and skills.
The rulers of Vijayanagara also got built mandapas or pavilions. Besides there were long and pillared corridors that ran around the shrines. There were two main temples—The Virupaksha Temple and the Vitthala Temple. The Virupaksha Temple was built over the centuries. It was constructed in the 9th-10th centuries. But after the establishment of Vijayanagara Empire, it was substantially enlarged. Krishnadeva Raya built a hall in front of the main shrine. It marked his accession to the throne. It was decorated with delicately carved pillars.
Many temple complexes had chariot streets. These streets extended from the temple gopuram in a straight line. They were paved with slabs of stone. They were lined with pillared pavilions. The merchants set up their shops in these pavilions. In other words, the rulers of Vijayanagara built impressive buildings.
Posted by Rajesh Chandra Srivastava Srivastava 4 years, 11 months ago
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Posted by Asha Dey 4 years, 11 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 11 months ago
(i) Using crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration of iron ion in the following complex ion. Also predict its magnetic behaviour : [Fe(H2O)6] 2+
(ii) Write the IUPAC name of the coordination complex: [CoCl2(en)2]NO3
Answer:
(i) t2g4 eg2 Paramagentic
(ii) Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III)nitrate
Posted by Rahul Thakur 4 years, 11 months ago
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Gumani Pokhriyal 4 years, 11 months ago
Gaurav Seth 4 years, 11 months ago
- Let a point charge(q), at any instant, is placed at distance(r) and is advancing with velocity(v) under the influence of electric field(E) and magnetic field(B). Then the net force on the charge is given by:
Fnet = FE + FB = qE + q(vxB)
Here FE = Force on charge due to electric field, FB = Force on charge due to magnetic field
This net force(Fnet) which is the vector sum of forces due to electric and magnetic fields are called as Lorentz Force, named after the scientist Lorentz, who calculated it experimentally.
Posted by Sachin Rajput 4 years, 11 months ago
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D J 4 years, 11 months ago
Gaurav Seth 4 years, 11 months ago
Anisotropy:-
- Due to regular arrangement of constituent particles, the different particles are fall in different ways of a crystalline solid. The values of properties like electrical conductivity and thermal expansion not remains same in all the direction this is called anisotropy.
Posted by Shivani Rajput 4 years, 11 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 11 months ago
क्यूबा मिसाइल संकट में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाने वाले दो नेता हैं
निकिता ख्रुश्चेव- सोवियत संघ के नेता। जॉन एफ कैनेडी- अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति
Two leaders who played a crucial role in the Cuban Missile Crisis are
Nikita Khrushchev—Leader of Soviet Union2. John F. Kennedy—US President

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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 11 months ago
peptide bond.
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