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Abhishek Das 2 years, 5 months ago

2000 BCE
Bead the passage given below and answer the questions that follow During starvation a person is able to survive for a considerable stretch of time Despite the obvious stress, the body is able to cope because of an internal physiological process of "self-cannibalisation" through which the body makes use of its inessential and damaged cellular components by breaking them down and reassembling them into useful proteina and the nutrients needed to sustain its essential functions This is called autophagy, which literally means "self-devouring in ancient Greek (auto meaning self, and phagein meaning to eat). It is a process that has been evolutionarily conserved and is intrinsic to all organisms, from unicellular yeast to multicellular mammalian systems like humans. In fact, without autophagy our cells could not survive. It is an essential part of the body's self-renewal process. As the scientist Juleen Zierath, a member of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine, pointed out in a post-announcement interview, every day 200-300 grams of proteins need to be replaced in the human body, but, on average, the intake is only about 70 g of proteins, which is insufficient to take care of the requirement to make new proteins. "Because of this machinery. we are able to rely on some of our own proteins so that we can sustain and we survive," she said. Thus, autophagy maintains normal functioning "homeostasis" (the tendency of a biological system to actively maintain the fairly stable internal equilibrium conditions necessary for survival despite changing external conditions) by protein degradation and the recycling of destroyed components from the cytoplasm of cella (the part exterior to the cell nucleus) for new cell formation. This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to the 71-year-old Japanese biologist Yoshinori Ohsumi of the Tokyo Institute of Technology for unravelling in the 1990s the underlying molecular mechanism of autophagy. He was the first to visually observe the process. The concept of autophagy was known in the 1960s itself. In fact, the phrase was coined in 1963 by the Belgian scientist Christian de Duve, who was awarded the 1974 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his discovery in the 1950s of what is called lysosome. However, the mechanism and physiological relevance remained poorly understood until Ohsumi appeared on the scene. His work dramatically transformed the understanding of this important physiological process. (a) On the basis of your reading of the passage make notes on it using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (whenever necessary-minimum 4). Give a suitable heading to it. (b) Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words using your notes
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Lavanya Mahajan 2 years, 5 months ago

Right to freedom Right to vote Right to equality Right to follow any religion etc
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Maya Yadav 2 years, 5 months ago

To goods a/c 3000000 by bhushan traders cheque a/c 1500000
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Pargat Singh Ahluwalia 2 years, 5 months ago

Artificial intelligence and data science
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Nithish Prem 2 years, 5 months ago

Upper Paleolithic period important point
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Divyanka Sharma✨✨✨ 2 years, 2 months ago

Thank you

Shabad Bajaj 2 years, 5 months ago

(1) Identifying (2) Recording (3) Classifying (4) Summarising (5) Communication
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Anupam Yadav 2 years, 5 months ago

what volume of 10 molar hcl and 3 molar hcl should be mined to obtained lime of 6 hcl solution
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