Relative Error

The relative error is the ratio of the mean absolute error Δa_mean to the mean value a_mean of the quantity measured.

i.e., Relative error = Δa_mean/ a_mean

Data are raw facts and figures (ie) Unorganised information . 

The two main sources of data are Primary and Secondary sources 

The author's Grandmother is a lady who is very spiritual and is a lady not accustomed to the Modern Techniques, styles and way of life. She has a kind heart and is very kind to animals. She is very much accustomed to the Village Way of Life. She is the frequent visitor of the temple. Her view and perspective of music is that it is the monopoly of harlots.

Business Transaction :- It is an event involving some monetary value between two o r more entities , and is capable of changing the financial position of the enterprise

Characteristics

• It is concerned with money's worth of goods and services.
• It arrises out of the transfer or exchange of goods and services.
• It has an effect on the accounting equation of any business form

Everything went well in the first leg of their ‘planned three-year 1,05,000 kilometre journey’. It passed pleasantly as they sailed down the west coast of Africa to Cape Town. But the trouble started when they left Cape Town. On the second day out of Cape Town, they began to encounter strong waves and gales.

Elsa was Albert Einstein's cousin from Berlin whose dad had a business there. 

She advised Albert to just repeat the lesson in the examination, as and how it was taught in the class. Just learning the lesson by heart would do the trick, according to her. And understanding it was not essential. But the problem was that Albert wasn't good at learning things by heart. 

The proportionality constant which relates the energy of a photon to the frequency of its related electromagnetic wave is known as Planck’s constant.

Planck′s;constant(h)= Energy(E)/ frequency(upsilon)

The dimensional formula of energy = [M¹L²T^-2]

The dimensional formula of frequency = [M⁰L⁰T^-1]

The dimensional formula of Planck’s constant = [M¹L²T^-2]/ [M⁰L⁰T^-1]

Therefore, the dimensional formula of Planck’s constant is [M¹L²T^-1]

Career option in physical education:

1.  Teaching Career

a) Elementary school level
b) Middle School level
c) High School and senior secondary school level
d) Collage and University level

2. Coaching Career

a) Administration relates course
b) Physical Education Department
c) Sports Department
d) Industrial recreation
e) Sport facilities Management.

3. Health-related career

a) Health club
b) Athletic training

4. Performance related career

a) As Professional player
b) As officials

5. Career in communication and midis

a) Sport Journalism
b) Book publication
c) Sports photography
d) Book publication
e) Sports broad casting

South Mumbai is home a major port and is the biggest port in India. India has 13 major ports viz. Kolkata Port, Paradip Port, New Mangalore Port, Cochin Port, Jawaharlal Nehru Port, Mumbai Port, Kandla Port, Vishakhapatnam Port, Chennai Port, Tuticorin port, Ennore Port, Mormugao Port and Port Blair Port. Based on the number of shipping services calling each port, Mumbai (Nhava Sheva) is by far India's busiest port, having 30 inter-regional shipping services calling its port, according to information from BlueWater Reporting.

3.6 km/m ² = 1m /s²

Hence 45 km /m²  ÷ 3.6   = 12.5 m /s²

Questionnaire: A form containing questions to which a subject or subjects respond. The information gained from the questionnaire is often subjected to statistical analysis. Questionnaires can be used to examine the general characteristics of a population, to compare attitudes of different groups and to test theories. Questionnaires appear simple but they are very difficult to compile in a manner which establishes reliability and validity. For example, a question worded in one way, may elicit a different response from the same question worded slightly differently.
Following are the characteristics of a good questionnaire:
(i) Questions must be worded simply and clearly, not ambiguous or vague. It must be objective.
(ii) Attractive in appearance (questions spaced out and neatly arranged).
(iii) Write a descriptive title for the questionnaire.
(iv) Write an introduction to the questionnaire
(v) Order questions in a logical sequence.
(vi) Keep questionnaire uncluttered and easy to complete.
(vii) Design for easy tabulation.
(viii) Design to achieve objectives.
(ix) Define each and every term.
(x) Avoid double negatives (I have no money).
(xi) Avoid double barreled questions (this AND that).
(xii) Frame questions for all respondents.

To protect the ship from rough weather, the captain slowed it down. He dropped the storm jjb and lashed heavy mooring rope in a loop across the stern. They doubled fastened everything and went through their life-raft drill. The Captain put waterproof hatch covers across the gaping holes to divert the water to the side so that he could control flooding in the ship. The electric pump short circuited and hand pumps also did not work. Then, he found another electric pump, connected it to an out pipe and started it. They got some relief on 4 and 5 January after continuous pumping of water. But, the respite was short-lived. On January 5, the storm became ferocious and they faced almost certain death. But, the optimism of the children helped them get through this difficult phase.

FORMATION OF A COMPANY

Formation of a company means bringing a company into existence and starting its business. The steps involved in the formation of a company are:

(i) Promotion

(ii) Incorporation

(iii)Capital subscription

(iv) Commencement of business.

A private company has to undergo only first two steps but a public company has to undergo all the four stages.

1. Promotion:

Promotion means conceiving a business opportunity and taking an initiative to form a company.

Step in Promotion:

1. Identification of Business Opportunity : The first and foremost function of a promoter is to identify a business idea e.g. production of new product or service.

2. Feasibility Studies: After identifying a business opportunity the promoters undertake detailed studies of technical, Financial, Economic feasibility of a business.

3. Name Approval: After selecting the name of company the promotors submit an application to the Registrar of companies for its approval.

4. Fixing up signatories to the Memorandum of Association: Promotors have to decide about the director who will be signing the memorandum of Association.

5. Appointment of professional: Promoters appoint merchant bankers, auditors etc.

6. Preparation of necessary documents: The promoters prepare certain legal documents such as memorandum of Association, Articles of Association which have to be submitted to the Registrar of the companies.

2. Incorporation

Incorporation means registration of the company as body corporate under the companies Act 1956 and receiving certificate of Incorporation.

Steps for Incorporation

1. Application for incorporation: Promoters make an application for the incorporation of the company to the Registrar of companies.

2. Filing of necessary documents: Promoters files the following documents:

(i) Memorandum of Association.
(ii) Articles of Association.
(iii) Statement of Authorized Capital
(iv) Consent of proposed director.
(v) Agreement with proposed managing director.
(vi) Statutory declaration.

3. Payment of fees: Along with filing of above documents, registration fee has to be deposited which depends on amount of the authorized capital.

4. Registration: The Registrar verifies all the document submitted. If he is satisfied then he enters the name of the company in his Register.

5. Certificate of Incorporation: After entering the name of the company in the register. The Registrar issues a Certificate of Incorporation. This is called the birth certificate of the company.

III. Capital Subscription:

A public company can raise funds from the public by issuing shares and Debentures. For this it has to issue prospectus and undergo various other formalities:

Step required for raising funds from public:

1. SEBI Approval: SEBI regulates the capital market of India. A public company is required to take approval from SEBI.

2. Filing of Prospectus: Prospectus means any documents which invites offers from the public to purchase share and Debenture of the company.

3. Appointment of bankers, brokers, underwriters: Banker of the company receive the application money. Brokers encourage the public to apply for the shares, underwriters are the person who undertake to buy the shares if these are not subscribed by the public. They receive a commission for underwriting.

4. Minimum subscription: According to the SEBI guide lines minimum subscription is 90% of the issue amount. If minimum subscription is not received then the allotment cannot be made and the application money must be returned to the applicants within 30 days.

5. Application to Stock Exchange: It is necessary for a public company to list their shares in the stock exchange therefore the promoters apply in stock exchange to list company shares.

6. Allotment of Shares: Allotment of shares means acceptance of share applied. Allotment letters are issued to the shareholders. The name and address of the shareholders submitted to the Registrar.

IV. COMMENCEMENT OF BUSINESS:

To commence business a public company has to obtain a certificate of commencement of Business. For this the following documents have to be filled with the registrar of companies.

1. A declaration that 90% of the issued amount has been subscribed.
2. A declaration that all directors have paid in cash in respect of allotment of shares made to them.
3. A statutory declaration that the above requirements have been completed and must be signed by the director of company.

Important documents used in the formation of company:

1. Memorandum of Association – It is the principal document of a company. No company can be registered without a memorandum of association and that is why it is sometimes called a life giving document.

Contents of Memorandum of Association:

1. Name clauses – This clause contains the name of the company. The proposed name should not be identicator similar to the name of another exiting company.

2. Situation clauses – This clause contains the name of the state in which the registered office of the company is to be situated.

3. Object clause – This clause defines the objective with which the company is formed. A company is not legally entitled to do any business other than that specified in the object clause.

4. Liability Clauses – This clause limits the liability of the members to the amount unpaid on the shares held by them.

5. Capital clause – This clause specifies the maximum capital which the company will be authorized to raise tough the issue of shares called authorized capital.

Data handling is the process of ensuring that research data is stored, archived or disposed off in a safe and secure manner during and after the conclusion of a research project. This includes the development of policies and procedures to manage data handled electronically as well as through non-electronic means.

Data visualization is an interdisciplinary field that deals with the graphic representation of data. It is a particularly efficient way of communicating when the data is numerous as for example a Time Series.

Education is a process by which,we learn different types of things which are extremely necessary for being a socially established personality.

On the other hand, Philosophy is a study of learning different mindsets, knowledge , culture etc.

Now the study of philosophy can also be a part of formal education syllabus.

In this way the philosophy and education are related with each other.

In Indirect Oral Investigation, data is collected through indirect sources. Persons who are likely to have information about the problems, are interrogated and on the basis of their answers, factual data have to be compiled. Most of the commissions of enquiry appointed by government collect primary data by this method. The accuracy of the method depends largely upon the type of persons interviewed and hence these persons have to be selected very carefully.