Renaissance meant revival of the ancient Greek and Latin culture. It first began in Italy, followed by Rome, Venice and Florence. The term 'Renaissance Man' is often used to describe a person with many interests and skills, because many of the individuals who became well known at this time were people of many parts.

The Latin meaning of the word ‘Habeas Corpus’ is ‘To have the body of.’ This writ is used to enforce the fundamental right of individual liberty against unlawful detention. Through Habeas Corpus, Supreme Court/High Court orders one person who has arrested another person to bring the body of the latter before the court.

Facts about Habeas Corpus in India:

• The Supreme Court or High Court can issue this writ against both private and public authorities.
• Habeas Corpus can not be issued in the following cases:
  • When detention is lawful
  • When the proceeding is for contempt of a legislature or a court
  • Detention is by a competent court
  • Detention is outside the jurisdiction of the court

The permanent executive or the civil services is comprised of civil services officials. Following are thier main functions:

• Working under the authority of the political executive.
• Assisting the ministers in carrying out the day-to-day administration of the ministries.
• Providing in-depth and specialised advice to the ministers on various important policy matters.
• Serving the political executive (and by extension the people of India) with utmost integrity and unbiased approach.

Promulgation is the formal proclamation or declaration that a new statutory or administrative law is enacted after its final approval. In some jurisdictions, this additional step is necessary before the law can take effect.

After a new law is approved, it is announced to the public through the publication of government gazettes and/or on official government websites.

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Equilibrium means no net force is acting.An object can be in linear motion if the forces acting on it are balanced forces and due to this it is undergoing uniform linear motion.