It is a measure of satisfaction an individual gets from the consumption of the commodities. In other words, it is a measurement of usefulness that a consumer obtains from any good. A utility is a measure of how much one enjoys a movie, favourite food, or other goods. It varies with the amount of desire.

Answer: troposphere

The troposphere is the lower most layer of the atmosphere. This layer contains dust particles and water vapour. All types of changes in climate and weather take place in this layer. This is the most important layer for all biological activity.

Answer: troposphere

The troposphere is the lower most layer of the atmosphere. This layer contains dust particles and water vapour. All types of changes in climate and weather take place in this layer. This is the most important layer for all biological activity.

A N S W E R
Pteridophyte are also called as vascular cryptogams. They show the first vascular property in the plant kingdom. Vascular plants are those plants, who have xylem and phloem.

The important characteristics of transition metals are:
(i)    All transition elements are metallic in nature, e.g., all are metals.
(ii)   These metals exhibit variable oxidation states.
(iii)    Transition metal atoms or ions generally form the complexes with neutral, negative and positive ligands.
(iv)    Compounds of transition metals are usually coloured.
(v)    The compounds of these metals are usually paramagnetic in nature.
(vi)    Transition metals and their compounds act as good catalysts, i.e., they show catalytic activities.
(vii)    These metals form various alloys with other metals of the series.
(viii)    These metals form interstitial compounds with C, N, B and H.

सेवा में,

श्रीमान संपादक महोदय,

अमर उजाला शिमला,

विषय: क्षेत्र में सफाई की व्यवस्था अत्यन्त दयनीय है। क्षेत्र में गंदगी फैली हुई है। उसके प्रति ध्यान आकर्षित करते किसी समाचार पत्र के संपादक को पत्र

महोदय,

           मेरा नाम कृष्ण शर्मा है , मैं शिमला जिले का रहने वाला हूँ | मैं अपने  लोकप्रिय समाचार पत्र के माध्यम से क्षेत्र में सफाई की व्यवस्था अत्यन्त दयनीय है। क्षेत्र में फैली हुई है गंदगी की समस्या के प्रति जनता और संबंध अधिकारियों का आग्रह करना चाहता हूँ |  

आशा करता हूँ कि आप मेरे पत्र को अपने लोकप्रिय समाचार पत्र में प्रकाशित करेंगे। मेरे क्षेत्र में राम नगर में सफाई के प्रति लापरवाही दिन-प्रिदीन बढ़ती ही जा रही है|  क्षेत्र की गली की नालियों तथा सड़कों में कूड़ा-करकट, मलबे आदि के ढेर लगे रहते हैं और गंदा पानी बहता रहता है| इन पर मच्छर-मक्खियां मंडराते रहते हैं, जो स्वास्थ्य के लिए हानिकारक हैं। हमारे क्षेत्र राम नगर में सफाई हेतु नगर निगम का कोई सफाई-कर्मचारी काम पर नहीं आता है।

                    मेरी आप से प्रार्थना है आप इस समस्या को अपने अख़बार में छापे ताकी सरकार इस समस्या के लिए कदम उठाए |हमारे क्षेत्र राम नगर की इस दुरवस्था पर ध्यान देते हुए इसे यथाशीघ्र सुधारने का प्रयत्न आरम्भ किया जाए जिससे समस्याओं को और अधिक बढ़ने से रोका जा सके। मेरा केंद्र सरकार से अनुरोध है कि वे इस संबंध में कार्यवाही करें|

धन्यवाद!  

भवदीय,

कृष्ण शर्मा|

शिमला

It is generally believed that profit earning is the primary objective of business. However, as per modern thinking, business needs to have several objectives. Consistent and sustainable profit can be earned only if the business performs useful services to society. Business requires multiple objectives since it has to balance a number of needs and goals related to various aspects of society. Following only one objective cannot lead business towards excellence. Objectives are needed in every area where performance and results affect the survival and prosperity of business. Five of the objectives of business are described below (i) Profit Maximization Profit is defined as excess of revenue over cost. Profitability refers to profit in relation to capital investment. Although, earning profit cannot be the only objective of business, its importance cannot be ignored. Every business makes an attempt to reap maximum profit as possible in the given market conditions. Profit may be regarded as an essential objective of business for various reasons (a)It is a source of income for business persons. (b) It can be a source of finance for meeting expansion requirements of business. (c) It indicates the efficient working of business. (d) It can be taken as society's approval of the utility of business. (e) It builds up the reputation of a business enterprise. (ii) Market Standing Market standing refers to the position of an enterprise in relation to its competitors. A business enterprise must aim at standing on stronger footing in terms of offering competitive products to its customers and provide customer satisfaction. (iii) Innovation Innovation is the introduction of new ideas or methods. There are two kinds of innovation in every business (a) Product Innovation In product innovation a new product or service or an improved version of existing product is developed (b) Process Innovation This involves innovation in the methods, skills and activities needed to produce or supply products. Product demand starts declining after a span of time. At this stage, the business must introduce a new innovation to create fresh demand for the existing product by introducing new features in it or bring out a new product to sustain in the market. (iv) Productivity Productivity is calculated by comparing the value of outputs with the value of inputs. It is used as a measure of efficiency. Higher productivity leads to reduction in costs as the same amount of output is produced with lesser amount of inputs. This ensures survival and growth of the enterprise. (v) Social Responsibility Every business operates within a society. It uses the resources of the society and depends on the society for its functioning. This creates an obligation on the part of business to look after the welfare of society. So, all the activities of the business should be such that they will not harm, rather they will protect and contribute to the interests of the society. The activities of business towards the welfare of the society earn goodwill and reputation for the business in the eyes of consumers as well as government.

Yes, I agree with this statement. Like eating is essential for survival of any human being, same way profit is essential and a must for survival of any business. But a person cannot survive for a long time and cannot lead a healthy life only by eating. A person has to perform other activities also such as social activities, religious activities and patriotic activities. 

Similarly, a business with the sole motive of earning profit cannot survive for a long time. lb capture a big share in market and to create the goodwill businessman must have social and individual objectives along with economic objective of earning profit. 

Electron gain enthalpy generally becomes more negative across a period as we move from the left to the right. Within a group,m electron gain entahlpy becomes less negative down a group. However, adding an electron to the 2p2p-orbital leads to the greater repulsion than adding an electron to the larger 3p3p-orbital. Hence, the element with the most negative electron gain enthalpy is chlorine, and the one with the least negative electron gain enthalpy is phosphorus.

Sometimes in C₃ plants, RuBisCO binds to oxygen molecules and the reaction deviates from the regular metabolic pathway. The combination of RuBP and oxygen molecules leads to the formation of one molecule of phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate. This pathway is called photorespiration. During photorespiration, no sugar or ATP molecules are synthesized, but just CO₂ is released at the expense of ATP and the whole process is futile.

However, C₄ plants do not undergo photorespiration due to their special mechanism to increase the CO₂ level for enzyme binding. During the Hatch and Slack Pathway, the C₄ acid, oxaloacetic acid (OAA) breaks down to release CO₂. This ensures the high concentration of intercellular CO₂. Thus, in C₄ plants, RuBisCO is more active as a carboxylase enzyme rather than as oxygenase. This is why C₄ plants have better productivity.

Mitochondria synthesize energy-rich molecules that is ATP. They are so-called because they carry out the process of aerobic respiration and generate the energy molecules (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate) for cell operation. Therefore they are known as the powerhouse of the cell.

The meaning of velocity of an object can be defined as the rate of change of the object’s position with respect to a frame of reference and time. It might sound complicated but velocity is basically speeding in a specific direction. It is a vector quantity, which means we need both magnitude (speed) and direction to define velocity. The SI unit of it is meter per second (ms^-1) if there is a change in magnitude or the direction in the velocity of a body the body is said to be accelerating.

There are seven sequence types: string, Unicode string, list, tuple, bytearray, buffer, and xrange objects. Sequence can be mutable or immutable. Immutable sequence is a sequence that cannot be changed after it is created.

Appa-mam is a protagonist in one of the stories written by Padma Hejmadi.

Appa mam is a very recognizable figure in almost every household of South India.

The character is potrayed as a prodigal, lethargic and lazybone conman. He had the potential to be the idol in any children’s group.

Appa-mam used to take things away from people and he was not hesitant about giving either.

Another important organ system is the circulatory system. The earthworm has a closed circulatory system. An earthworm circulates blood exclusively through vessels. There are three main vessels that supply the blood to organs within the earthworm. These vessels are the aortic arches, dorsal blood vessels, and ventral blood vessels. The aortic arches function like a human heart. There are five pairs of aortic arches, which have the responsibility of pumping blood into the dorsal and ventral blood vessels. The dorsal blood vessels are responsible for carrying blood to the front of the earthworm’s body. The ventral blood vessels are responsible for carrying blood to the back of the earthworm’s body.