IDLE is a Python IDE

Jupyter Notebook** is a Python web-based application

Spyder is a Python IDE

Sublime Text is a Text Editor

Socrates reminds these young people that if everyone were to be unjust, if everyone manipulated rules to suit their own interests, no one could be sure of benefiting from injustice. Nobody would be secure and this was likely to harm all of them. Hence, it is in our own longterm interest to obey the laws and be just. Socrates clarified that we need to understand clearly what justice means in order to figure out why it is important to be just. He explained that justice does not only mean doing good to our friends and harm to our enemies, or pursuing our own interests. Justice involves the well-being of all people. Just as a doctor is concerned with the well-being of his/her patients, similarly the just ruler or the just government must be concerned with the well-being of the people. Ensuring the well-being of the people includes giving each person his due.

11-15 years: The adolescents in this age develop formal operational thought, which leads to a hypothetical thinking and are able to apply logic abstractly. They also develop a special kind of egocentrism of imaginary audience and personal fable.

Adolescence begins at puberty, and is the transition from childhood to adulthood. Physical changes in adolescence include the development of secondary *** characteristics, hormonal changes, and spurt in growth. The major developmental tasks for the adolescent include identity formation and coming to terms with biological changes taking place.

Ranga was the first person in village who had gone to Bangalore to study in English. That was why Ranga’s homecoming was a great event. People rushed to his doorstp and wanted to see the boy who had gone to the city for studies. Everyone was surprised to see that Ranga was the same as he had been six months ago, when he had first left their village. He had not lost his caste.
 

Glycolysis is the first stage of the breakdown of glucose in the cell. During glycolysis 2 ATP molecules are used up and four ATP molecules are generated. In the entire process of glycolysis, two NADH₂ molecules are also generated. When these molecules undergo ETS they will form 3 ATP per NADH₂  which means 6 ATP. Therefore the total ATP that are forming are 10 and as 2 ATP is used up the net gain will be 8.

In glycolysis, two molecules of ATP are consumed initially in converting glucose to fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate. Two triose phosphate molecules are formed from one glucose molecules. Four molecules of ATP are produced at substrate level phosphorylation. Therefore, net gain of ATP is 2ATP×2−2ATP=2.

There was a strange change in her behaviour. She was over-excited. She celebrated the arrival of her grandson. She collected all the women of the neighbourhood. For hours she continued singing and beating the drum. She had to be persuaded to stop to avoid overstraining. Perhaps it was the first time that she didn't pray.

when the author was going abroad for further studies his grandmother came to leave him at the railway station.She was not even emotional as she knew that she would be alive till her grandson comes back after five years and when she hugged her grandson, the grandson could hear his grandmother reciting prayers.

Importance of wellness:

• It helps in the improvement and toning up the muscle.
•  It reduces the recovery time after injury or illness.
•  It helps in fulfilling proper nutritional requirements.
• It helps in better management of stress and tension.
• Regulates and improves overall body function.

1. The autonomic nervous system is divided into two main divisions: Sympathetic nervous system 
2. Parasympathetic nervous system

These both are antagonistic in working i.e. they work opposite to each other. This is because of the different neurotransmitters secreted by the axon terminals of the nervous systems. The neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system is acetylcholine whereas in the case of the sympathetic nervous system is adrenaline/epinephrine. Sympathetic works in the case of an emergency while parasympathetic works under normal conditions.

Examples are:

1. Heart: SNS speeds up the heartbeat whereas the PSNS slows down the heartbeat.

2. Eyes: SNS dilates the pupils whereas the PSNS constricts the pupil or bring it in the normal condition.

3. Lungs: SNS dilates the bronchioles for greater alveolar oxygen exchange while PSNS constricts the bronchioles when oxygen requirement diminishes.

Speed test: In a speed test, there is a time limit within which the test taker is required to answer all the items. Such a test evaluates the individual on the basis of time taken to answer the items accurately. In a speed test, all the items are of the same degree of difficulty.

Power test: Power test assesses the underlying ability of the individuals by allowing them sufficient time. These tests do not have any time limit. The items are generally arranged in an increasing order of difficulty.

Speed test: In a speed test, there is a time limit within which the test taker is required to answer all the items. Such a test evaluates the individual on the basis of time taken to answer the items accurately. In a speed test, all the items are of the same degree of difficulty.
Power test: Power test assesses the underlying ability of the individuals by allowing them sufficient time. These tests do not have any time limit. The items are generally arranged in an increasing order of difficulty.

The monocular cues of depth perception induce depth in objects when viewed through a single eye. They are also known as pictorial cues as they are used by artists to induce depth in two-dimensional paintings. Important monocular cues are relative size and height, interposition, linear and aerial perspective, light and shade, texture gradient, and motion parallax.

The binocular cues of depth perception are provided by both the eyes in three-dimensional spaces. Their role in the perception of depth is as follows:

(i) Retinal or Binocular disparity: It occurs when the two eyes have different locations in the head and are separated horizontally with a difference of 6.5 centimetres. The difference in the images formed by the eyes is due to the retinal disparity. Large retinal disparity means a close object and small retinal disparity means a distant object.

(ii) Convergence: When the eyes converge inward to bring the image on the fovea of each eye, a group of muscles sends messages to the brain which are interpreted as cues to the perception of depth. The degree of convergence decreases with an increase in distance of the object.

(iii) Accommodation: It is the process through which the image is focussed on the retina with the help of a ciliary muscle. These muscles change the thickness of the eye lens. The degree of contraction of the muscles provides a cue to distance. The muscles relax when the object is distant and contract when the object is near.

Given :   a circle of diameter 40cm,the length of a chord is 20 cm,

To Find : the length of the minor arc of the chord

Solution:

Chord Length = 20 cm

Diameter = 40 cm

Perpendicular from center on chord bisect the chord

Hence Half of chord = 10 cm

Radius = 40/2 = 20 cm

Sin ( 1/2 of chord angle )  =  10 /20

=> Sin ( 1/2 of chord angle )  = 1/2

=> Sin ( 1/2 of chord angle )  = Sin 30°

=>  1/2 of chord angle =  30°

=> chord angle =  60°

Minor arc angle = 60°  

or another way to get angle

as Radius = 20 cm

Chord length = 20 cm

Hence it forms an Equilateral triangle

Hence angle formed by chord at center = 60°

Minor arc angle =  60°  

length of the major arc of the chord = (60/360) * 2π * Radius

= ( 1/6 ) * 2π * 10

= 10π/3

= 50 * 3.14/3

=  10.47  cm

Diameter of the circle =40 cm
∴ Radius (r) of the circle = 40​/2 =20 cm
Let AB be a chord (length = 20 cm) of the circle.
In △OAB, OA = OB = Radius of circle = 20 cm
Also, AB = 20 cm
Thus, △OAB is an equilateral triangle.
∴θ=60^∘=π/3​ radian
We know that in a circle of radius r unit, if an arc of length I unit subtends an angle θ radian at the centre, then θ=l​/r
∴π/3 ​= arc AB​/20

⟹arc AB = 20/ 3​π cm

The author describes his grandmother as short, old, fat and slightly bent. To him, she looked the same for twenty years. It was difficult for him to imagine her young and pretty. But he found a beauty in her old age, like the serene winter landscape.

Continuous increase in the profits of any enterprise is possible only by performing useful services to the society. Infact, objectives are needed in every area that influences the survival and prosperity of busi¬ness. Since a business has to balance a number of needs and goals, it requires multiple objectives.
The five multiple objectives of business are as follows:

1. Market standing : Market standing refers to the position of an enterprise in relation to its competitors. A business enterprise must aim at stronger market standing in terms of offering competitive products to its customers and serving them to their satisfaction.
2. Innovation : Innovation is the introduction of new ideas or methods in the way something is done or made. There are two kinds of innovation in every business, i.e.,
   (i) innovation in product or service.
   (ii) innovation in the various skills and activities needed to supply them.
3. Productivity : Productivity is calculated by comparing the value of outputs with the value of inputs. It is used as a measure of efficiency.
4. Physical and financial resources : Any business requires physical resources like plants, machines, offices, etc., and financial resources i.e. funds to be able to produce and supply goods and services to its
   customers.
5. Earning profits : One of the main objectives of business is to earn profits on the capital employed.
   Profitability refers to profit in relation to capital investment. Every business must earn a reasonable profit which is crucial for its survival and growth

Aufbau principle tells us that the lowest energy orbitals get filled by electrons first. After the lower energy orbitals are filled, the electrons move on to higher energy orbitals. The problem with this rule is that it does not tell about the three 2p orbitals and the order that they will be filled in.

According to Hund’s rule:

• Before the double occupation of any orbital, every orbital in the sub level is singly occupied.
• For the maximization of total spin, all electrons in a single occupancy orbital have the same spin.

An electron will not pair with another electron in a half-filled orbital as it has the ability to fill all its orbitals with similar energy. Many unpaired electrons are present in atoms which are at the ground state. If two electrons come in contact they would show the same behaviour as two magnets do. The electrons first try to get as far away from each other as possible before they have to pair up.

• In the given case,it has been stated that the Marketing Manager had resigned from his post and such resignation was not recorded in the books of Accounts of the organisation.
• The treatment of such resignation,of not recording it,by the organisation is correct and justified.
• In the books of accounts,only those transactions are recorded which can be expressed in monetary terms ignoring the qualitative aspects of such transactions.
• The resignation of Marketing Manager is a case of Human Resource Management and therefore,cannot be recorded in the books of accounts.

1. Valency is the maximum no. of electrons which an atom can lose or gain while oxidation no. is the actual no. of electrons which the element lose or gain to form a molecule.

2. Valency is the property of an isolated atom while oxidation state is calculated for an atom is present in a molecule i.e, in a bonded state.

3. Valency of an element remains the same while its oxidation state may be different in different molecules.

Simple Majority

• This refers to a majority of more than 50% of the members present and voting in the House.
• Also known as Functional or Working majority.
• This is the most commonly used type of majority.
• When the law does not specify the kind of majority needed, a simple majority is used for passing bills or motions.
• Ordinary bills require only a simple majority.
• For example, in the Lok Sabha, out of the total strength of 545, suppose 45 were absent and 100 abstained from voting. This means, only 400 members were present and voting. In this case, the simple majority needed is 201 (50% + 1).

Neurons or nerve cells can be up to 3 feet long. A typical neuron has a cell morphology called soma, hair-like structures called dendrites and an axon. Neurons are specialized in conveying knowledge throughout the body. The sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons are three types of neurons. Neurons have a membrane built to forward information to other cells.

PRIVATE SECTOR ENTERPRISES

The private sector consists of business owned by individuals or a group of individuals. The varios forms of organisation are- sole proprietorship, partnership, joint hindu family, cooperative and company.

PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISES

Meaning: The public sector consists of various organizations owned and managed by central or State or by both governments. The govt. participates in economic activity of the country through these enterprises.