Supply refers to the amount of a good or service that the producers/providers are willing and able to offer to the market at various prices during a period of time. There are two important aspects of supply:

• Supply refers to what is offered for sale and not what is finally sold.
• Supply is a flow. Hence, it is a certain quantity per day or week or month, etc.

Scarcity of water means shortage of water, an imbalance between demand and supply. Causes or the factors responsible for water scarcity are as follows:
1. growing population which is the main cause of water scarcity.
2. urbanization and industrialization which have increased the consumption of water.
3. wastage and injudicious use of water.
4. over-exploitation and mismanagement of water resources.
5. unequal access to water resources.
6. in post green revolution era, the commercial crops which are grown more, consume more water.

The material, for which the stress-strain curve is to be plotted, is stretched by an applied force. The change in length (strain) of the material and the applied force are recorded. The applied force is gradually increased in steps and change in length is noted. The stress-strain graph is plotted between the stress (applied force per unit area) and the strain produced.

In the graph region between O to A, the curve is linear. In this region, the material obeys Hook’s law. The material regains its original dimensions when the applied force is removed. In this region, the material behaves like an elastic body.

In the region from A to B, stress and strain are not proportional. The point B in the curve is known as yield point (elastic limit). Corresponding stress is known as yield strength of the material.

If the load is increased further, the strain increases rapidly even for a small change in stress. The portion B to D shows this. At a particular point C, the body does not regain its original dimension. In this case, even if we made the stress zero, the strain will not be zero. The material is said to have a permanent set. The deformation is known as plastic deformation. The point D is known as ultimate tensile strength of the material. Beyond this point, even a small applied force causes additional strain to be produced and at the point E, fracture occurs. If points D and E are close, the material is known as brittle. If they are apart, the material is known as ductile.

The status of women in ancient India was quite high esteemed however it got deteriorated with the passage of time and mentality of people towards women. Slowly the practice of polygamy, sati pratha, dowry system, female infanticide, etc became dominated and gave rise to the male dominated country. Great Indian leaders had worked a lot to again raise the status of women in the Indian society. Because of their hard work bad practices against women in the Indian society have been banned to a great extent. Government of India has implemented various effective laws regarding safety and empowerment of the women. In the Panchayati Raj system around 33% of the seats are reserved for women thus women are being more conscious and come forward to fight for their rights.

It is the other name of retained earnings. Generally company does not distribute all its profits among the shareholders as dividend. Rather a part of it is retained to form general reserves. This general reserve is used by the company to develop and expand its business. Use of the undistributed profits in this manner is called ploughing back of profits.
Following advantages one can accrue
(i) Company does not have to spend any amount to obtain it.
(ii) The amount lying in the general reserves protects the company from the bad scenario or from ups and downs.
(iii) A company can adopt the policy of stable dividend on the strength of general reserves.
(iv) Expansion plans of the company can he executed easily because of the presence of such reserves.

A minimum of ten members are required to form a cooperative society. The Co operative societies Act do not specify the maximum number of members for any co-operative society. However, after the formation of the society, the member may specify the maximum number of members.

Brassicaceae or Cruciferae is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, some shrubs, with simple, although sometimes deeply incised, alternatingly set leaves without stipules or in leaf rosettes, with terminal inflorescences without bracts, containing flowers with four free sepals, four free alternating petals, two short and four longer free stamens, and a fruit with seeds in rows, divided by a thin wall (or septum).